跨文化交際課程unit3教學教材

跨文化交際課程unit3Casestudy:DinnerwithFriendsJanice'squestion:whatwentwrong?

WhenChinesehavevisitors,theyareoftenextremelyhospitableinofferingfood.Ifguestsareinvitedforameal,Chineseprepareaverylargenumberofdishes,usuallyfarmorethancanbeeatenatthetime.Conversely,Westernerstendtorelatethemealsizemoreaccuratelytothepeople'sappetites,boththequantityandvarietyofthemealarefarlessthaninChina.TheChinesehostoftenconstantlyputsthebestpiecesoffoodonthevisitor'splate,whichisanexpressionofhospitality.Westerners,ontheotherhand,usuallyleavetheguesttohelphimself/herselfanddonotkeepurginghim/hertoeatmore.InChinaitisacceptabletoleaveunwantedfoodontheplate,whereasaccordingtoWesterncustom,itisimpolitetodoso.Asaresult,misunderstandingsoccur.IftheChineseareinvitedtodinnerbyaWesterner,theymayfeeltheWesternerisungenerousbecauseofthesmallamountoffoodandbecausetheyarenotconstantlyencouragedtoeatmore.Theymayremainhungryafterdinnersincethefoodisevennotofferedasecondtimeaftertheirpoliteinitialdecline.WhereastheWesternvisitorsinaChinesehomeoftenhaveapileoffoodontheirplate(includingfoodtheydonotparticularlywant),whichaccordingtotheirculturetheyshouldfinisheating.Butthemoretheyeat,themorethayaregiven.Warm-upcasesCase1TwelveCupsofTeaWhenIfirstwenttoHongKong,IhadnoideaaboutChinesetea-drinkingandfoundmyselfcaughtinaveryawkwardsituation.IvisitedaChinesefamilyandwasimmediatelygivenacupoftea.IwasnotthirstyandIdidnotparticularlylikethattypeoftea,butoutofpolitenessIfinishedthecup.ButthemoreIdrank,themoreIwasgiven.IkeptinsistingthatIdidnotwantanymore,butthehosttooknonotice.Idrankabouttwelvecupsofteathatafternoon!ThehostmusthavethoughtIwasverygreedy,butIdidnotknowhowtoaviodgettingmoreteapoured.Howcouldyouhelp"I"inthiscaseoutoftheawkwardsituation?Case2SittingDownW:(ShowingCthesofa)Sitdown,please.C:No,no.I'llsithere.(Movingtowardsachair)W:Oh,dositoverhereonthesofa.C:No,no.Thischairisperfectlyallright.Westernersusuallysitwhereverthehostpointstoorwheretheythemselvesliketosit,regardlessofthekindofseatstheremightbe,whilechoosingtositinalesscomfortableplaceisasignofmodestyinChina.ContentAddressingGreetingsVisitingPartingsComplimentsThefixed

CulturalAssumptionExpressionsofgratitudeandaplologyVerbalcommunication1.addressingpeople-makingcontactWhatarethedifferencesofaddressingpeoplebetweenEnglishandChinesecultures?Chinesename:姓+名Englishname:Givenname(firstname/firstname+middlename)名Surname(familyname/lastname)姓

HeXiangu

AndrewLewisCHINESENAME

HexianshengENGLISHNAMEMr.LewisHeXianguAndrewXianguAndyGuLewis

HejingliMr.Andrew

HetongzhiTeacherLewis

HeshizhangMayorLewis

HelaoshiProfessorLewisHeyishengDoctorLewis/DoctorHowtoaddresspeople?Acquaintance:

Mr.Ms.orMrs.+surnameVIP:Title+fullname/surnameAmbassador大使Doctor博士Judge法官Governor主管Duke公爵Marquess

侯爵CountorEarl伯爵Viscount子爵Baron男爵Stranger:Mr./Madam(onlyusethewordSirifheismucholderthanyouoryoudon’tknowhissurnamebutheisaVIP)SummaryofaddressingpeopleChineseEnglishFormalRelationship/SituationSurname+TitleTitle+SurnameNeutralRelationship/SituationSurname+TitleTitle+SurnameGivenNameCloseRelationship/InformalSituationGivenNameGivenNameLet'shaveatry!Englishname:LinellDavis(ADoctorandaProfessorinNanjingUniversity)Hisstudentsshouldaddresshim:?Hiswifeshouldaddresshim:?Hiscolleagueshouldaddresshim:？Howtoexpressfu+title?Pleasematchthefollowingtwogroups.

vice

associate

assistantdeputy

directorprofessormanagerpresident行政頭銜

以“副”字的表示副職的行政職務頭銜，可用vice、deputy表達。實際使用時究竟選用哪個，純屬搭配習慣。一般來說，vice與president、premier、chairman、minister、governor搭配；deputy與director、chief、head、secretary、dean、mayor搭配。似乎可以認為，Vice比Deputy的搭配級別要高。

學術頭銜

學術頭銜的“副”職稱，常用associate表示。如：

副教授

associateprofessor

副研究員associateresearchfellow

副審判長associatejudge

副主任醫(yī)師

associatedoctor

Insomeculturesandinsomegroupsandsocialsituationswithincultures,behavinginaformallypolitewayismoreimportantthaninothercultures,groupsandsituations.Ingeneral:

HighLowJapanSouthKoreaIndonesiaMalaysiaChinaVietnamThailandSingaporeTaiwanPhilippinesCanadaUnitedStatesAustraliaveryhighhightoveryhighhighhighmoderatelyhighmoderatelyhighmoderatemoderatemoderatemoderatemoderatetolowlowverylowforexampleIfabusinessmanwantstomeetaseniorexecutiveofaJanpaneseorganization,hewillneedtofindsomeonetoarrangeanintroduction.Inthissituationthereqiurementsforformalpolitenessareveryhigh.Greetings

Westernexpressions------pleasetrytotranslatethemintoChineseGoodmorning/afternoon/evening.Howareyou?Howarethingsgoing?Howareyougettingon?Howarethings(withyou)?How’severything?How’slife?Hello.Hey./Hi.ChineseexpressionsWhereareyougoing?

你上哪去？Wherehaveyoubeen?

你去哪里啦？Haveyouhadyourmeal?

吃過了嗎？

It’snoneofyourbusiness.InitiatingConversationsandConversationTopic

Whattopicsshouldbeavoidedininitiatingconversation?

Age

Money/Salary

Health

Family

Theacceptedtopicssuchasthefollowing:

Hobbies

Holidays

Jobs

Theweather

Alocalornationalevent

Films/booksVisitingBusinessvisitingwithwesterners:

Arrangeatimeinadvance

BestraighttothepointForexample:telephonecallsAmericans'attitudetowardsthebusinesstelephonecalls:Thecallersapologizeonlywhentheyfeeltheyhavecalledataninappropriatetime;Theyaskfortheintendedaddresseewithoutidentifyingthemselvesorconversingwiththeanswer;Theybehaveasthoughthepersonwhohasansweredthephoneisjustanextensionoftheinstrumentitself.Chineseattitudetowardsthebusinesstelephonecalls:Thecallersusuallyrepeat"hello"beforetheystarttotalk;Theiranswersfirstaskdirectly"Whoareyou?"whentheypickupthereceiverandbegintotalk.

Socialvisiting:

moreflexibleThesuitableexpressions

Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.IwaswonderingwhetherIcouldcomeroundtovisityousometime.

I’dliketocomeandseeyousometime.Wouldyoubefreeoneafternoonnextweek?

Mr.ZhangandIwouldliketocomeandvisityou.WoulditbeconvenientforustocomeWednesdayevening?

ThingstobemindedAdvancenoticeTakeofftheout-doorclothingimmediately,ifnot,theywouldconsideryoustayonlyafewminutes.FinisheatingFood-offeringdifferencesPartingsWesterners:

acoupleofminutes’smalltalk

Well,it’sbeenlovelytoseeyouagain,butImustbegoingsoon.Ihopewe’llbeabletogettogetheragainbeforelong…

Thankyouforalovelyevening.Imustnotholdyouanylonger.Chinese:abruptleaving-taking

I’mleavingnow.Compliments:complimentsandcomplimentsresponses

Chinese:

FishingforcomplimentsC:Growingflowersismyhobby,butI’mnotmuch

goodatit.W:Buttheseflowersarebeautiful.C:IwishIcoulddoaswell!W:Ireallyknowlittleaboutthesubject.C:Well,Icertainlydon’tknowanybodywhoknows

morethanyoudo!Inwesternworld,itiscommonforamantoinformallygiveawomancomplimentsonherlooksorclothing.InChina,itistakenasakindofflirtationifamancomplimentsawoman.Chinesepeoplecomplimenteachothermuchlessfrequentlythanwesternersdo.

Chinesepeopletrytodrawalinebetweencomplimentandflattery.

Chinesepeopleinterpretother’spositivecomplimentsasarequestforpossessingsomething.ResponseFormulasofEnglishandChinesecomplimentsAmericanExpressionA:Thisisreallyanicesweater.-B:I’mgladyoulikeit.A:Youdidagoodjob.-B:Thankyou/Thanks.ChineseExpressionA:Yoursweaterisverygood.-B:Iboughtitonlyfortenyuan.A:Youdidthejobverywell.

-B:That’stheresultofjointefforts./There’sstillmuchroomforimprovement.

Generallyspeaking,nativeEnglishspeakerstendtoacceptthecomplimentswhiletheChinesetendtoeffacethemselvesinwordsalthoughtheydofeelcomfortableaboutthecompliments.Sometimeshumorousresponsescouldbeusedwhenwithintimatefriends.

efface:tobehaveinaquitewaythatdoesnotmakepeoplenoticeorlookatyouCulturalAssumption(文化假定)“Good”referstoone’shealth,appearanceandmannerinbothEandCcultures“Losingweight”meansgoodinEculturebutnotgoodinCculture“Puttingonweight”canbeacomplimenttoChinesebutoffensivetoAmericansExpressionsofgratitudeandaplologyTheexpressionsarefarmorefrequentlyusedinEnglishthaninChinese.Chineseoftenneglectminor

favorsespeciallyamongfriendsandmembersoffamily.Theythinktheexpressionsofgratitudeandapologyunnecessaryandeventiresome.SomespecialChineseexpressions

Itdoesn’tmatter.沒關系

Nevermind.不要緊

（responsestoapology）

You’rewelcome.

不用謝

It’smypleasure.

沒關系（responsestogratitude）Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).__Allculturesrequireandvaluepoliteness,butthewaysinwhichpolitenessisachievedmayvarysignificantly.__Addressingformslike"MissMary","Brown"bytheChinesemaybeaformofculturalcompromise.__RanksinthearmedforceslikeCaptain,Colonelcanbeusedastitle.__WecanaddressJasonDouglas,whoisalaywer,asLaywerDouglas.TTTF__ChinesehospitalitytowardtheWesternersisalwaysgreatlyappreciated.__TheChinesewayofshowingconcernisusuallyappreciatedbytheWesterners.__"Thankyouforcoming!"isatypicalexpressionusedbyWesternhostswhentheguestsjustarrived.__"I'msorrytohavewastedyourtime"or"I'msorrytohavetakenupsomuchofyourtime"areusuallyappropriateforthebusinessvisit.TFFFActivities:BeginaconversationwithacomplimentinpairsExample:Maria:Youdidanicejobontheprojectthebossgaveyou.Kara:Thanks.Ittookabouttwoweekstocompleteit.Maria:That'snotbad.Ittakessomepeoplefourweekstodothesamejob.Kara:Really?Ididn'tthinkitwasthathard.(Theconversationcontinues.)Thefollowingaresomesuggestions(oryoucanthinkofsomeonyourown).1.(twonwighbors)Onecomplimentstheother'sgarden.2.(guest/host)Theguestcomplimentsthemeal.3.(student/teacher)Thestudentcomplimentstheteacher'sstyleofte