重大版高中必修5-ThemeAUnit1grammar課件

GrammarUnit1OlympicHistoryRevisionbeconnectedtobelieveincentreround/on/upon…competefor/against…beunfamiliarwith…every4yearsmorethanliveoncometolifeinmoderntimesalternate…and/with…beknownas…consistentwith…

1)與…相連2)信任3)當(dāng)作重點(diǎn)4)為…競爭5)不熟悉6)每4年7)超過8)繼續(xù)9)蘇醒10)在當(dāng)代11)使交替12)被稱為…13)符合ThePastParticipleastheAttributeThefirstrecordedancientOlympicGameswereheldin776BCinancientGreeceand…AnolivewreathastheonlyprizegivenatOlympiasuggestedthattheathletescompetedforhonour,…Readthesentencesfromthetext,payingattentiontothecolouredwords.3.In1948,SirLudwigGuttmannorganizedasportscompetitioninvolvingWordWarIIdisabledsoldiersinEngland.4.Fouryearslater,competitorsfromHollandjoinedtheGames,andtheinternationalmovement,now

knownastheParalympics.過去分詞作定語，在語態(tài)上表被動(dòng)；在時(shí)間上表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成，與它所修飾的名詞有邏輯（意義）上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。

B:Yes.Andwehadcanned

fish,smoked

sausages,

cakes

madebyourteacherandfreshapples

pickedfromtheorchard.Wealsoplayedalotofgamesthere.B:Indeed,toourdelight,wehelpedalost

boytofindhismother.單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語時(shí)，位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞前面；過去分詞短語作定語時(shí)，位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。單個(gè)過去分詞過去分詞短語1.過去分詞作定語位置已升起的太陽有組織的旅行arisensunanorganizedtrippeopleaddictedtodrugsaschoolbuiltfororphans藥物上癮的人為孤兒專建的學(xué)校

單個(gè)過去分詞修飾something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody,those

等不定代詞時(shí)，也要放在這些詞后面。Nothingreported(inthenewspaper)interestedhim.2.過去分詞作定語的含義a.及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，具有被動(dòng)和完成的意義abrokencupawoundedsoldieranunexpectedguesttheexcitedcrowdacupwhichisbrokenasoldierwhowaswoundedaguestwhoisunexpectedthecrowdwhowereexcitedagrownwomanaretiredofficerawomanwhohasgrownaofficerwhohasretiredb.不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，具有主動(dòng)和完成意義。過去分詞作定語的作用相當(dāng)于定語從句，二者可以轉(zhuǎn)換。①aletterwritteninpencil②thebookborrowedbyJack③themachinesproducedlastyearThisobject,discoveredalmostbyaccident,haschangedmachine.=aletterwhichwaswritteninpencil=thebookwhichwasborrowedbyJack=Thisobject,whichwasdiscoveredalmostbyaccident,haschangedmachine.=themachineswhichwereproducedlastyear④3.過去分詞作定語和定語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換①破損的窗戶很快就會(huì)被換掉。______________________willbereplacedsoon.=Thewindowwhichwasbrokenwillbereplacedsoon.②昨天買的書確實(shí)不錯(cuò)。Thebooks_______________areofhighquality.=Thebookswhichwereboughtyesterdayareofhighquality.ThebrokenwindowboughtyesterdayPractice一些由表示情感或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的過去分詞作定語時(shí)，已經(jīng)完全形容詞化，不表被動(dòng)。4.形容詞性化過去分詞作定語常見的有：amazed,embarrassed,disappointed,excited,encouraged,bored,interested,tired,worried,surprised,satisfied,pleased,moved,frightened等。The_____childrenwereopeningtheirpresents.A.excitedB.excitingC.exciteD.excitesexcited過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語1.語態(tài)不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。注：不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞只有“完成”含義，而不表示被動(dòng)。aninspiringspeech

theinspiredaudience鼓舞人心的演說受到鼓舞的觀眾thefallingleaves落葉（正往下落的）落葉（已經(jīng)落到地面的）thefallenleaves2.時(shí)間關(guān)系不同：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，多表示“動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行”或“與謂語同時(shí)進(jìn)行”或“經(jīng)常性”。過去分詞作定語，則多表示分詞動(dòng)作“先于位于動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作”或“沒有一定的時(shí)間性”①Doyouknowtheboy_______(lie)underthebigtree?“Can’tyouread?”Marysaidangrily,_______(point)tothenotice.③Thewoman________(sell)vegetableshasgone.④Thewheatiswateredbywater_______(bring)fromapond.⑤Heisaleader___________(respect)bythepeople.lyingpointingsellingbroughtrespected3.及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式都可以表示“被動(dòng)”，但前者多表示一個(gè)完成了的動(dòng)作，而后者則表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.theproblemdiscussedyesterdaytheproblembeingdiscussed

4.過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式都表示“完成”和“被動(dòng)”，但前者的時(shí)間性不變，而后者更加強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞動(dòng)作明顯先于謂語動(dòng)作。①Heisateacher_________(respect)byall.②__________________(tell)tostayinBeijing,theboydecidednottoreturnedtohisvillage.已經(jīng)發(fā)生，完成正在發(fā)生respectedHavingbeentold1.Tickeachofthefollowingsentencesbelowinwhichthepastparticipleisusedasanattribute.____1)Shewassurprisedtoseethebeautifulhorseinfrontofthehouse.____2)Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartyweremyoldfriends.____3)Thingsseenaremightierthanthingsheard.____4)Tiredout,thegroupofworkersstoppedtohavearest.√√××____5)Sheshoutedinapleasedvoicewhensheheardthegoodnews.____6)Frightenedbythebarkingdog,thelittlegirlcriedloudly.____7)Theinjuredpassengerswereimmediatelysenttothecityhospital.____8)TherivermentionedinthesongisactuallyslightlytotheeastofVirginia.×√√√2.Rewriteeachofthefollowingsentencesbyfollowingtheexample,payingattentiontothepositionofthepastparticiple.Theletterpostedtodaywillreachhimthedayaftertomorrow.Theletterwhichwaspostedtodaywillreachhimthedayaftertomorrow.先行詞定語從句先行詞分詞作定語Idon’tliketoreadaletterwhichiswritteninpencil.2)Alltheguestswhoareinvitedareherenow.3)Theyaretheproblemswhichhavebeenleftoverbyhistory.

Idon’tliketoreadaletterwritteninpencil.Alltheguestsinvitedareherenow.Theyaretheproblemsleftoverbyhistory.4)Theplanwhichhasbeenmademightbechanged.5)Theyfinallycametotheareasthathadbeenliberated.Theplanmademightbechanged.Theyfinallycametotheliberatedareas.Theisland,_______tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.(2011全國II)A.joining B.tojoin C.joined D.havingjoined解析：join…to…表示“把……連接起來”，joined在句中是過去分詞作定語，相當(dāng)于定語從句whichisjoined…。答案選C。高考解析Recentlyasurvey______pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.(2011江蘇)A.compared B.comparing C.compares D.beingcompared

解析：compare的動(dòng)作是survey發(fā)出的，現(xiàn)在分詞短語做后置定語。Theability______anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.(2011湖南)

A.expressing

B.expressed

C.toexpress

D.tobeexpressed解析：本句意思是：表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的能力和這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)本身一樣重要。theabilitytodosth.“做某事的能力”，固定短語，故此處用動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語。TsinghuaUniversity,_____in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.(2011福建)A.found B.foundingC.founded D.tobefounded解析：句中的主語TsinghuaUniversity與found構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，可選C、D；再根據(jù)時(shí)間1911年可知found動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，故用過去分詞。此句中過去分詞短語作后置定語。

1.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known2.Thetelevisionisa___machine.A.newly-inventedB.new-inventedC.newly-inventD.newly-invention3.___Englishisdifferentfrom____Englishinmanyways.A.Spoken,writtenB.Speaking,writtenC.Spoken,writingD.Speak,writeDAAPractice4.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe______.A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars5.Pricesofdailygoods___throughacomputercanbelowerthansomestoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buyingDB6.Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit_____onhisownfarm.A.grownB.beinggrownC.tobegrownD.togrow7.The___lookonthegirl’sfacesuggestedthatshe___suchbadnews.A.surprising,wouldexpectB.surprised,shouldexpectC.surprising,shouldn’thavebeenexpectedD.surprised,hadn’texpectedAD8.Thegirl___forwardtobuyinganewgoldwatch.A.referredtolo