詞語翻譯講義課件

Unit1LexicalTranslation

Lesson4Determiningmeaning:Equivalencevs.Nonequivalence:FalseFriends

5.“假朋友”的識別

⑴密碼（誤）secretcode(正)password口水（誤）mouthwater(正)saliva手機（誤）handphone(正)mobilephone救火（誤）tosaveafire(正)tofightafire洗牌（誤）towashtheplayingcards(正)toshuffletheplayingcards大片（誤）bigmovie(正)blockbuster早戀（誤）earlylove(正)puppylove青春痘（誤）youthspot(正)acne蝴蝶結(jié)（誤）butterflyknot(正)bow長鏡頭（誤）longlens(正)zoomlens

CompanyLogo方便面（誤）convenientnoodles(正)instantnoodles牛仔褲（誤）cowboytrousers(正)jeans不凍港（誤）non-freezingport(正)ice-freeport隱形眼鏡（誤）invisibleglasses(正)contactlenses課堂測驗（誤）classroomexam(正)pop-quiz流動資金（誤）circulatingfunds（正）workingcapital拳頭產(chǎn)品（誤）firstproduct（正）knockoutproduct新聞自由（誤）freedomofnews（正）freedomofPress買一贈一（誤）Buyone,presentone（正）Buyone,getonefreeCompanyLogo⑵酸奶

sourmilk綠豆greenbean臥室livingroom試穿tohaveafit食言eatone'swords鞋展bootfairCompanyLogo靴筒

bootleg番茄醬tomatosauce向外看lookout高等學校highschool戴綠帽子have/wearagreenbonnet黃色書籍yellowbook翻天覆地tomoveheavenandearth街上的行人streetpeople萬福大酒店WanfuWineShopCompanyLogo⑷個人主義

individualism唯心主義idealism自由主義liberalismCompanyLogo⑸你紅光滿面

Yourfaceisveryred.他是一個“氣管炎”。Hesuffersfromtracheitis.CompanyLogo⑺大雨heavyrain大風strongwind大霧thickfog自我意識self-consciousness競爭意識competitivespirit惡性循環(huán)viciouscircle惡性腫瘤malignanttumor惡性通貨膨脹gallopinginflation一次性拖鞋disposableslippers一次性付款lump-sumpaymentCompanyLogo⑻就在這一年，也許是第二年吧，福州有了電燈公司。我們這所大房子里也安上電燈，這在福州也是一件新鮮事，我們這班孩子跟著安裝工人們滿房子跑，非常興奮歡喜。Thatyear,ortheyearlater,Fuzhoubegantohaveitsownpowercompanyandelectricitylightsweretobeinstalledinourbighousetoo.Thatwassomethingnewinourhometown.Wekids,wildwithexcitementandjoy,ranhereandthereinthehouseattheheelsoftheelectricians.（冰心《祖父和燈火管制》，張培基譯）CompanyLogo⑼現(xiàn)今180萬溫哥華居民中，有一半不是本地出生的，每4個居民中就有一個是亞洲人。25萬華人對溫哥華的經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型起著決定性的作用。Ofthepresent1.8millionresidentsinVancouver,halfarenotnative,andoneineveryfourisofAsianorigin.The250000ChineseCanadians,halfofwhomimmigratedhereonlywithinintherecentfiveyears,havebeenplayingadecisiveroleintheeconomictransformationofVancouver.CompanyLogo⑼現(xiàn)今180萬溫哥華居民中，有一半不是本地出生的，每4個居民中就有一個是亞洲人。25萬華人對溫哥華的經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型起著決定性的作用。Ofthepresent1.8millionresidentsinVancouver,halfarenotnative,andoneineveryfourisofAsianorigin.The250000ChineseCanadians,halfofwhomimmigratedhereonlywithinintherecentfiveyears,havebeenplayingadecisiveroleintheeconomictransformationofVancouver.CompanyLogo6.詞義空缺與翻譯策略

:音譯法當漢語文化中特有的事物在英語文化中完全空缺時，可采用音譯法將這些具有特殊文化內(nèi)涵的詞語“移植”到英語文化中去。CompanyLogo“氣功”qigong“功夫”kongfu“太極”taiji“風水”fengshui“陰陽”yinyang“磕頭”kowtow“旗袍”（長衫）cheongsamCompanyLogo6.詞義空缺與翻譯策略:意譯法意譯法是翻譯具有文化特色的詞語時經(jīng)常使用的翻譯策略。意譯法舍棄了詞語的語言形式和字面意義，著眼于傳達詞語的文化信息。CompanyLogo“皮蛋”preservedegg“元宵”sweetdumplingsmadeofglutinousriceflour“粽子”apyramid-shapeddumplingmadeofglutinousricewrappedinbambooorreedleaves“探花”titleconferredontheonewhowonthethirdplaceinthehighestimperialexaminationintheMingandQingdynastiesCompanyLogo6.詞義空缺與翻譯策略:直譯法直譯法也是填補詞義空缺的一種常用方法。它既可以使譯文簡潔明快，又能保留漢語文化詞語的原汁原味。CompanyLogo“易經(jīng)”BookofChanges“號脈”feelthepulse“京劇”BeijingOpera“龍舟”dragonboat“春節(jié)”SpringFestival“春卷”springroll“八寶菜”eighttreasurepickles“紙老虎”papertiger“北大荒”theGreatNorthernwilderness“燈影牛肉”ShadowbeefCompanyLogo“希望工程”HopeProject“思想改造”ideologicalremoulding“一國兩制”onecountry,twosystems“八寶蓮子粥”EightTreasureLotusSeedPorridge“文化大革命”CultureRevolution“毛澤東思想”MaoTse-TungThought“四個現(xiàn)代化”fourmodernizations。應該注意的是這種翻譯方法具有很大的局限性，譯文讀者了解的僅僅是詞語的字面意義，很難深入理解這些詞匯的文化內(nèi)涵，在必要的時候，譯者可將直譯法與加注法結(jié)合起來，使詞語的文化內(nèi)涵在翻譯中得到更好的傳達。CompanyLogo6.詞義空缺與翻譯策略:加注法加注法就是通過注釋的形式在譯文中補充必要的文化背景知識，以彌補漢英文化的差異，幫助譯文讀者更好的理解這些具有特殊文化色彩的詞語。CompanyLogo例如《漢英大詞典》中的“八卦”這一詞條，在直譯為theEightTrigrams之后還加上了適當?shù)淖⒔猓篹ightcombinationsofthreelinesallsolid,allbroken,oracombinationsofsolidandbrokenlinesjoinedinpairstoform64hexagrams,formerlyusedindivination.加上這一注釋之后，“八卦”的文化內(nèi)涵一清二楚，確保了譯文讀者對詞語的透徹理解。CompanyLogo又如“八股文”這一中國傳統(tǒng)文化特有的事物也可用直譯加注法譯為eight-partessay(aliterarycompositionprescribedfortheimperialcivilserviceexaminations,knownforitsrigidityofformandpovertyofideas)。CompanyLogo“龍虎斗”可譯為DragonandTigerFight(atraditionaldishinCantoncuisineincludingmeatandsnake,resemblingdragon,andcatorleopard,resemblingtiger,well-knownforitsmedicalfunctionofrelivingrheumatism,promotionbloodcirculation,repellingailment,andreinforcingbodyfluid).CompanyLogo“西岳”可譯為theWesternMountain(anothernameforMountHuashaninShaanxiProvince)“白軍”可譯為theWhiteArmy(thereactionarybourgeoistroops,inChinareferringtotheKuomintangarmyduringtheSecondRevolutionaryCivilWar,1927-1937)“紅案”可譯為redboard(cookingthatdealswithdishes,bothmeatandvegetables).CompanyLogo例如：“圍棋”weiqi(agameplayedwithblackandwhitepiecesonaboardof361crosses)“散手”Sanshou(Chineseboxing)“西施”Xishi(afamousbeautyinthelateSpringandAutumnperiod)“碑帖”arubbingfromastoneinscription(usuallyasamodelforcalligraphy)CompanyLogo“表妹”youngerfemalecousin(thedaughterofone'sfather'ssisterorofone'smother'sbrotherorsister)CompanyLogo“抓周”thegrabbingtestontheoccasionofababy'sfirstbirthday(