主題閱讀 文明的嘆息 學(xué)案 2022屆高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)備考

文明的嘆息素養(yǎng)解讀150年前坐落在北京西郊的圓明園，在遭到侵略者的搶劫后，被縱火燃燒，大火連燒三天三夜，曾經(jīng)珍寶無(wú)數(shù)的“萬(wàn)園之園”變成一片廢墟。2018年里幺勺熱內(nèi)盧擁有200年歷史的巴西國(guó)家博物館發(fā)生火災(zāi)，許多無(wú)價(jià)收藏品付之一炬，兩百年來(lái)的努力、調(diào)查和知識(shí)毀于一旦。人們的心在痛，因?yàn)檫@些文物象征著人類文明的傳承和延續(xù)。它們代表著古人的創(chuàng)造和思索，還有用無(wú)數(shù)彎路和悲劇累積的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。它們用可觸及的現(xiàn)實(shí)存在，賦予歷史生命力。這是一筆不可估量的財(cái)富，也是太古時(shí)代以來(lái)人類一步一個(gè)腳印走出的通向我們的道路……人類區(qū)別于其他生物的核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，就在于人類可以積累和傳承文化。前人的成就，是后人的起點(diǎn)。任何人，無(wú)論是對(duì)自然資源還是物質(zhì)文明的破壞，都是對(duì)文明的褻瀆。保護(hù)世界遺產(chǎn)，刻不容緩。視角拓展FlamesofYuanmingyuan海詞積累imperialadj.帝國(guó)的;皇家的subsequentadj.隨后的refinev.改進(jìn);改善zodiacn.黃道帶palatialadj.宮殿般的;宏偉的scatterv.使分散;四散mazen.迷宮Renaissancen.文藝復(fù)）之lootv.搶劫;掠奪devastatev.毀滅attachimportanceto重視facilitiesn.設(shè)備;設(shè)施YuanmingyuanisanimperialgardeninBeijingconstructedbythe4thQingEmperorKangxi,in1707.Overthenext153years,subsequentQingemperorsenlargedandrefinedthegarden.The6thQingEmperorQianlong,evenabsorbedWesternstyleofpalacesinit.Hiscreationincludedawaterfountainwiththe12zodiacanimalsthatwouldsproutwateratdifferenthoursoftheday.YuanmingyuanwasconsideredasoneofthefinestexamplesofChinesegardenlandscape.Itconsistedofthreegardens,withQichunyuaninthefront,Yuanmingyuanontheleft,andChangchunyuanontheright.Thesouthernpartofthehugegardenwasoccupiedbypalatialbuildings,whereemperorshandledstateaffairs.Overtherestofthegardenwerescattered40scenicareasandeachconsistedofsmallerlandscapes.Thebest-knownWesternstructureswereafountain,amazeandEuropeanpalaces,allofwhichtookonaRenaissancestyle.TherewasamodelofVeniceinasmalllake.Theemperor'sapartmentsweredecoratedwitharttreasuresofanastonishingrichness.Thegardenwasbeautifiedbymillionsofforeignflowersandtrees.Unfortunately,YuanmingyuanwastragicallydestroyedbytheBritishandFrenchtroopsduringtheSecondOpiumWarin1860.OnOctober6,1860,theBritishandFrenchtroopsattackedandlootedYuanmingyuan.Afterthelooting,theysetfiretotheentirepalace.Itwassaidthatthefirelastedfor3daysandnights.MostoftheChinesestylebuildingsconstructedwithwoodweredestroyed.In1900,theEight-NationAllianceinvadedandoccupiedBeijing.Yuanmingyuanwasdevastatedagainandtheremainingtreasureswerelooted.DuringthelootingofYuanmingyuan,manyimperialtreasureswerestolenandtakenoutofChina.Amongthetreasuresstolenwerethe12bronzezodiacssculpturesthatgracedEmperorQianlong'sfountains.The12animalsrepresentedthe24hoursofeachday.Eachbronzestatuetookturnssprayingwaterfromitsmouthevery2hours.Now,sevenbronzeanimalstatueshavecomebacktoMainlandChina.Thebronzeheadsofanox,tiger,monkey,pig,andhorseareinacollectionatPolyArtMuseum.ThebronzeheadsofarabbitandaratareattheNationalMuseumofChina.ThebronzeheadofadragonissaidtobeinTaiwan.Theotherfourbronzeheadsofasnake,goat,rooster,anddogarestillmissing.AfterthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChinain1949,theChinesegovernmentattachedgreatimportancetotheprotectionofYuanmingyuanruins.Aparkhasbeenestablishedonthesiteoftheruins.Thefacilitiesandlandscapingconstructionintheparkhavebeencontinuallyimproved.ReadingCheckWhatdoestheunderlinedworcTsprout"inparagraph1mostprobablymean?A.Dryup.B.Takein.C.Sendout.D.Divein.MostoftheChinesestylebuildingswereruinedbecause.A.theinvadershatedtheemperorB.thebuildingswerebuiltwithwoodC.thereweremanyimperialtreasuresinthemD.theinvaderswantedtodestroytheirevidenceWhatdoweknowaboutthebronzezodiacssculptures?A.Someofthemarestillmissing.B.Thereare24sculpturesintotal.C.Theysprayedwaterfromtheirmouthsevery2days.D.ThebronzeheadofarabbitcanbeseenatPolyArtMuseum.LanguageStudyDifficultsentenceHiscreationincludedawaterfountainwiththe12zodiacanimalsthatwouldsproutwateratdifferenthoursoftheday.他的官I(mǎi)I意包括一個(gè)噴泉，里面有12只生肖動(dòng)物，它們會(huì)在一天中不同的時(shí)間噴水?！军c(diǎn)石成金】Hiscreationincludedawaterfountain是主句，withthe12zodiacanimals是介詞短t吾作定語(yǔ)，thatwouldsproutwateratdifferenthoursoftheday是限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾animalSoReadingCheckC2.B3.ATheforgottencity——MachuPicchu被遺忘的馬丘比丘海詞積累terracen.梯田;階地slidev.滑;溜architecturen.建筑orientv.朝向abandonv.拋棄territoryn.令直土uninhabitedadj.無(wú)人居住的missionaryn.傳教士refugen.避難所assemblagev.聚集TheLostCityofMachuPicchuisamysteriouswonder.TheIncas（印力口人）builtacityofstonethere,withouttheaidofwheelsorirontools.ThisisthebestexampleofIncaengineering.Theybuiltmorethan600terracestopreventthecityfromslidingdownthemountain.Theydesignedawatersupplysystemwithalengthofabout1km.FortheIncasthearchitecturewasespeciallyimportant.Thetempleswhichwerebuiltaroundthecityareorientedtocatchtheraysoftherisingsun.TheslopesoftheroofsreflecttheHuainanPicchu,themountainthatemergesafterthem.However,MachuPicchuhaskeptitssecretswell,hidingforover400yearsitstruemeaningandpurpose.AbandonedinthesixteenthcenturyandinvadedbytheAndeanforest,itbecamealostplaceandwasforgottenevenbythepeoplewhobuiltit.Completeforcenturies,MachuPicchuisawindowtothepast,throughwhichwecanknowwhobuiltit—theIncas,anancientcivilizationthatcreatedthemostpowerfulempireinSouthAmerica.Forcenturies,MachuPicchuwashiddentotheworld.TheSpanishconquerorneverfounditandtheIncaswhoknewthelocationofMachuPicchueventuallyforgotit.WhenHiramBinghamarrivedintheterritoryoccupiedbytheArchaeologicalParkofMachuPicchu,itwasuninhabitedatleastsincethefifteenthcentury.ItisunlikelythatBinghamwasthefirstoutsidertohaveseentheruins——documentsshowthatmissionarieshadbeentherebefore.Ofcourse,MachuPicchuwasnot“l(fā)ost”——ithadbeenknownbynativesforcenturies.NorwasittheplaceBinghamwasoriginallylookingfor：HehadbeensearchingforVilcabamba.ItwasthelastrefugeoftheIncaEmpireuntilitfelltotheSpanishin1572.Buttotheoutsideworld,theancientassemblagewasdefinitelynew.Sincethen,MachuPicchu,whichinIncameans“OldPeak"，hasbecomeoneofthemostvisitedplacesinLatinAmericaandPeru?蓑smostfamoussite.ReadingCheckWhatdoestheunderlinedword“emerges“mostprobablymean?A.Develops.B.Follows.C.Appears.D.Blocks.WhatdoweknowaboutMachuPicchu?A.ItwasfoundbytheSpanish.B.ltisnowatouristattraction.C.ltisknownforcenturies.D.ltwasfirstdiscoveredbyBingham.WhichplacewasBinghamoriginallylookingfor?A.Vilcabamba.B.Thetemples.C.MachuPicchu.D.TheArchaeologicalPark.LanguageStudyDifficultsentenceCompleteforcenturies,MachuPicchuisawindowtothepast,throughwhichwecanknowwhobuiltit——theIncas,anancientcivilizationthatcreatedthemostpowerfulempireinSouthAmerica.幾個(gè)世紀(jì)都完好無(wú)損，馬丘比丘是通往過(guò)去的一扇窗戶，通過(guò)它我們可以知道是誰(shuí)建造了它一一印加，一個(gè)創(chuàng)造了南美洲最強(qiáng)大帝國(guó)的文明古國(guó)?！军c(diǎn)石成金】MachuPicchuisawindowtothepast是主句，throughwhichwecanknow是“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，whobuiltit是賓語(yǔ)從句。anancientcivilization...America是theIncas的同位語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的是限制性定語(yǔ)從句。ReadingCheckC2.B3.AThelostcityofPompeii被湮沒(méi)的龐貝古城海詞積累prosperousadj.繁榮的fertilityn.肥沃;豐收destructionn.破壞;毀滅occurv.發(fā)生suffocationn.窒息ventn.出口sufficientadj.足例）的;充足的dissolvev.使溶解archaeologistn.考古學(xué)家swarmv.云集ThecityofPompeiiisapartiallyburiedRomancitynearmodernNaplesintheItalianregionofCampania.AlongwithHerculaneum,Pompeiiwaspartiallydestroyedandburiedunder4to6metersofashintheeruptionofMountVesuviusinAD79.Bythe1stcenturyAD,PompeiiwasoneofanumberoftownslocatednearthebaseofthevolcanoMountVesuvius.Theareahadalargepopulationwhichgrewprosperousfromtheregion'sfamousagriculturalfertility.ManyofPompeii'sneighboringcommunitiesalsosuffereddamageordestructionduringtheAD79eruption.TheeruptionoccurredonAugust24.AstudyoftheeruptionproductsandvictimsindicatesthatheatwasthemaincauseofthedeathofpeopleatVesuviusandsurroundingtowns,previouslybelievedtohavediedfromashsuffocation.Theresultsofthestudypublishedin2010showthatexposuretoatleast250°Chotwavesatadistanceof10kilometersfromtheventwassufficienttocauseinstantdeath,evenifpeoplewereshelteredwithinbuildings.Aftermanyyears,Pompeiidisappearedinourminds.Then,thepeoplefromGreeceandSicilyfoundaforestatthefootofthevolcano.Theydiscoveredthatthereisblacklandwhentheycutdownthetrees.Grapesmightbeplantedthere.In1748,afarmercalledAndreandhisbrotherdugacupboardmadeofmetal.Totheirsurprise,therewerealotofdissolvedjewelryandancientmoneyinit.Thisnewsspreadquickly.ThefarmerswerethinkingofthelegendofdisappearedPompeiithatancestorstoldthem.So,manyarchaeologists,historians,andeventreasurehuntersswarmedthere.In1876,ItalygovernmentagreedwithexpertstodigthePompeiiout.Throughahundredyears'working,theydugthePompeiioutcompletely.ThehistorianVanaysaid,“Whatahorrifyingscene!Manypeoplediedwhentheyweresleeping,