初中英語介詞練習(xí)題及詳解

介詞（一）正誤辨析1、［誤］［正］［析］Wegottothetopofthemountainindaybreak.Wegottothetopofthemountainatdaybreak.at用于具體時刻之前，如：sunrise,midday,noon,sunset,midnight,nighto2、［誤］［正］［析］Don'tsleepatdaytimeDon'tsleepindaytime.in要用于較長的一段時間之內(nèi)，如：inthemorning/afternoon,或intheweek/month/year.或inspring/supper/autumn/winter等等。3、［誤］WevisitedtheoldmaninSundayafternoon.［正］WevisitedtheoldmanonSundayafternoon.［析］inthemorning,intheafternoon如果在這兩個短語中加入任何修飾詞其前而的介詞都要改為on,女［1：onacoldmorning,onthemorningofJuly14th4、［誤］Hebecameawritterathistwenties［正］Hebecameawritterinhistwenties［析］這句話應(yīng)譯為：他在2()多歲時就成了作家。在某人的一段生活時間段中要用介詞in來表示，而在具體歲數(shù)時用at來表示。5、［誤］［正］［析］HewenttoNewYorktofindajobinsixteenyearsold.HewenttoNewYorktofindajobatsixteen.在具體年歲詢用at,如：attheageof12,atyourage,等等。6、［誤］［正］［析］Wewenttoswimintheriverinaveryhotday.Wewenttoswimintheriveronaveryhotday.具體某一天要用介詞on,又如：onNewYeafsDay7、［誤］［正］［析］I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyouonChristmas.I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyouatChristmas.在節(jié)Fl的當(dāng)天用on,而全部節(jié)Fl期間用at,Christmas是圣誕節(jié)期間，一般要有兩周或更長的時間。8、［誤］Ihaven'tseeyouduringthesummerholidays.［正］Ihaven'tseenyousincethebeginningofthesummerholidays.［析］during表示在某一段時間之內(nèi)，所以一般不?與完成時搭配，如：Ivisitedalotofmuseumsduringtheholiday.而for表示一段時間，可以用于完成時，女口：Ihaven'tseeyouforalongtime,［ftthrough用來表示時間時則為”整整，全部的時間"。如：Itrainedthroughthenight.而since則是表達主句動作的起始時間，一般要與完成時連用。9、［誤］Atenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.［正］Onenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.［析］On加動名詞表示”一……就“。本句的譯文應(yīng)是：我一進入教室就聽見這個好消息To又如：onhearing??-一聽見，onarrival一到達就(on表示動作的名詞)10、［誤］Inthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.［正］Atthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.［析］atthebegining與attheend都是指某事物的開始與結(jié)束部分，均不指時間范圍，rfninthebeginning則是指開始一段時間。intheend=atlast是指"最終，終于”之意。11>［誤］Tilltheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.［正］Bytheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.［析］by引起的時間狀語表示了動作的截止點，其意思為”不遲于某一時刻將工作做完%所以主句一般是完成時態(tài)。當(dāng)然可以有將來時態(tài)，如：111betherebyfiveo'clock.而till則表達其一動作一直持續(xù)到某一時刻，但句中的動詞一定要用持續(xù)性動詞，而瞬間的截止性動詞應(yīng)用其否定句式，如：Iwonrtfinishthisworktill(until)nextweekend.12、［誤］HecametoLondonbeforelastweekend.［正］HehadcometoLondonbeforelastweekend.［IE］HecametoLondontwoweeksago.［析］before—般要與完成時連用，而ago則與一般過去時連用。13、［誤］IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearsginceIhadcomehere.［正］IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearssinceIcamehere.［析］since用來表達主句動作的開始時間，所以其引出的從句中應(yīng)為過去時，而不能用完成時態(tài)14>［誤］Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitaftertwohours.［IE］Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitintwohours.［析］中文經(jīng)常講兩小時之后來取，兩天內(nèi)會修好，而這個介詞在英文中要用in而不要用afterc其原因有二，①after多用于過去時，如：IarrivedinNewYork.Afterthreedays,Ifoundajobinthebank.②after加時間是表達一個不確定的時間范圍，如：afterthreedays,即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在許諾若干時間內(nèi)會完成某事時，一定要用介詞in。15>［誤］Threedaysafterhedied.［正］Afterthreedayshedied.［正］Threedayslaterhedied.［析］after與later都可以用來表達一段時間之后，但它們所處的位置不同，after在時間詞前，而latei?在時間詞后。16、［誤］Shehidherselfafterthetree.［正］Shehidherselfbehindthetree.［析］af血多用來表達某動作之后，所以有的語法書中稱它為動態(tài)介詞，如：Irunafterhim.Afterfinishingmyhomework,Iwenttoseeafilm.而behind則多用于靜態(tài)事物之后。17、［誤］Thereisabeautifulbirdonthetree.［正］Thereisabeautifulbirdinthetree.［析］樹上長出的果實，樹葉要用on,而其他外來的人、物體均要用inthetree.18、［誤］ShanghaiisontheeastofChina.［正］ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.［析］在表達地理位置時有3個介詞：in,on,to。in表示在某范圍之內(nèi)；on表示與某地區(qū)接壤;to則表示不相接°如:JapanistotheeastofChina.19、［誤］IarrivedatNewYorkonJuly2nd.［正］IarrivedinNewYorkonJuly2nd.［析］at用來表達較小的地方，而in用來表達較人的地方。at常用于attheschoolgate,athome,atabusstop,atthestation,atthecinema,atasmallvillageo20、［誤］HelivedinNo.3BeijingRoad.［正］HelivedatNo.3BeijingRoad.［析］在門牌號碼前要用at,并要注意它的慣用法：attheendofthestreet,atthefootofthemountain,atthetopofthepage。21、［誤］ThereisacolourTVsetatthecomerofthehall.［正］ThereisacolourTVsetinthecomerofthehall.［析］在屋內(nèi)的角落應(yīng)用in,而墻的外角用at,如：Thereisatreeatthecomerofthestreet.22>［誤］ThisweekendPllstayinUncleWang's.［正］ThisweekendIrllstayatUncleWang's.［析］要注意英文的特殊表達法，如：atatailor'sshop（裁縫店）=atatailoFs,atthedoctor's（去看病）atthebookseller's（在書店）atuncleWang's（在王叔叔家）23、［誤］Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsontoday'snewspaper?［正］Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsintoday'snewspaper?［析］在報紙上的新聞要用in,而在具體某一版上，或某一頁上則要用one24、［誤］TheschoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.［正］SchoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.［析］這里的school應(yīng)看作不可數(shù)名詞泛指學(xué)校的課程，即開學(xué)之意。要注意，有些活動場所當(dāng)表達正在從事該種活動時不要加冠詞，如：attable（吃飯），WhenIcametoTom'shome,theywereattable.還有：atdesk（學(xué)習(xí)），atwork（工作）atschool（上學(xué)），inhospital（住醫(yī)院）atchurch作禮拜如加上定冠詞則另有他意，如：attheschool即在學(xué)校工作或辦事，inthehospital即在醫(yī)院工作或去看望病人。25、［誤］Inmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.［正］Onmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.［析］譯文為：在去車站的路上我買了份報紙，為的是消磨時光”在……的路上“應(yīng)用onone'sway…。而intheway有擋道之意，女11：Pleasemovethechairitisinthewayo26>［誤］Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeinto.［正］Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokein.［正］Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeintotheoffice.［析］in是表達一個靜止狀態(tài)，在與break連用時其后不加介詞賓語，而into則是動態(tài)介詞，與break連用時要加介詞賓語。27>［誤］I'llleaveBeijingtoShanghaitomorrow.［正］EllleaveBeijingforShanghai.［正］I'llleaveforShanghai.［析］leavefor是離開某地去某處的固定搭配，不可將for改為別的介詞。這樣的搭配述有：startfor動身前往某處，setoutfor,sailforD28、［誤］Tmsorry.Ihavetogetoutthebusatnextstop.［正］Tmsorry.Ihavetogetoutofthebusatnextstop.［析］getin,與getout是兩個相反的詞組。getin為上車，而getout為下車，但語法家認為這里的in與out為副詞，所以其后不能接名詞，我們可以講We'dbettergetin.或We'dbettergetout.還有一組詞組有關(guān)上下車：geton/off(atrain,aship,astruck)getinto/outof(acar,taxi)29、［誤］BecarefulThetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesoverzero.［正］Becareful.Thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesabovezero.［析］over與above在作為比某物高的意思時有時可以互換。但在垂直方向上的高矮時，即正上方時則要用above.而泛指上方時用over.3()、［誤］Thereisanoldstonebridgeabovetheriver.［正］Thereisanoldstonebridgeovertheriver.［析］over?還有一意為"跨越，橫跨”。31>［誤］TheDeadSeaisunderthesealevel.［正］TheDeadSeaisbelowthesealevel.［析］在垂直下方要用below.也就是講above與below互為反意詞，over?與undei?也是反意詞。32>［誤］Thereisabigtreeinthefrontofthehouse.［正］Thereisabigtreeinfrontofthehouse.［析］infrontof是在物體外部的前而，而inthefrontof是在物體內(nèi)部的前而，如：Thedriversitsinthefrontofthebus.33、［誤］Ittookthemtwodaystowalkacrosstheforest.［正］Ittookthemtwodaystowalkthroughtheforest.［析］across作為介詞有兩個主要意思：①橫過，如：Iwanttowalkacrossthestreet.②對而，如:Thereisapostofficeacrossthestreet,［futhrough多用于三維空間中的穿越。across則多用于平而上的橫過。如：Thelittlegirlranacrosstheroomtomeethermother.34>［誤］Thesunsetstowardthewest.［正］Thesunsetsinthewest.［析］towards也可用作toward,它主要表達朝向某方向運動，但不一定到達，如：Herantoward⑸themountain.而在表示方位east,west,north,south時，其前而要用in。要注意的是這4個詞可以用作副詞，如：Iwentsouth.也可用作名詞，如：Iwenttothesouth.也可用作形容詞，如：IwenttothesouthpartofChina.35、［誤］Doyouhavenootherclothesexceptthose?［正］Doyouhavenootherclothesbesidesthose?［析］beside是”在旁邊"，如：Thestudentsstoodbesidetheirteachers.而besides是”除之外，不僅而且，除了以外還有”，如：IstudiedEnglishbesidesFrench,whenIwasincollege.而except則是從同一類物體中去掉某一部分，女口：IcomehereeverydayexceptSunday,rfuexceptfor是指去掉不同種類的事物，如：Theroomiscleanexceptfortwochairs.而exceptthat則要加從句。36、［誤］CanIwritetheexampaperwithink?［正］CanIwritetheexampaperwithapen?［正］CanIwritetheexampaperinink?［析］with后要加拿得起來放得下的工具，而墨水、顏料等原料則要用in。37、［誤］Fmearliertoday.Icameherebyhiscar.［正］Tmearliertoday.Icamehereinhiscar.［析］在交通工具前加介詞by,但不能再有任何指示代詞或冠詞，否則要改換相應(yīng)的介詞。bytaxi=inataxibytrain=inatrainbybicycle=onabicyclebyship=onashipbyboat=inaboatbybus=onabusbyplane=onaplanebyair空運byland陸運bysea海運onfootonhorsebackbyphonebyletterbyradiobyairmailbyhand38、［誤］AlotofFrenchwinesaremadeofgrape.［正］AlotofFrenchwinesaremadefromgrape.［析］madeof是指由原材料到成品過程中原材料耒發(fā)生質(zhì)地的變化，而發(fā)生了某種變化則要用from,如：Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood.39>［誤］ThisisagooddictionaryinEnglishgrammar.［正］ThisisagooddictionaryonEnglishgrammar.［析］關(guān)于某方而的書籍、報告等有兩個介詞，其中on表示某專業(yè)用書，about則為某方而的普通讀物，如：Thisisabookaboutphysics.即物理科普知識。40、［誤］Doyouhavethekeyofthedoor.［正］Doyouhavethekeytothedooi*.［析］keytothedoor門的鑰匙。相同用法述有answertothequestion,entrancetothehighway,dangertohealth.千萬不要用of。41、［誤］TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestofcollectingstamps.［IE］TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestincollectingstamps.［析］haveinterestin是在某方而有興趣。42、［誤］Ididn'tdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrytome.［正］Ididn'tdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrywithme.［析］beangrywith其后接人，而beangryat其后接事。如：Hewasangryatwhatshesaid.43、［誤］Hewasgoodforskating.［正］Hewasgoodatskating.［析］begoodat為”擅長某事"，而begoodforsomebody為對某人很好。44>［誤］Itwasgoodtoyoutohelpmylittleboy.［正］Itwasgoodofyoutohelpmylittleboy.［析］這句話應(yīng)譯為：你真太好了，幫助了我的小孩。而begoodtosomebody是對某人態(tài)度好。如：Hermotherisgoodtoeveryone.45、［誤］［正］［正］［析］Myparentswereverypleasedatme.Myparentswereverypleasedwithme.Myparentswereverypleasedatmystudying.bepleasedwith后加somebody,而bepleasedat后加somethingo46、［誤］［正］Heisagreewithme.Heagreeswithme.47、［誤］［正］［析］Heagainstsme.Heisagainstme.同agree為動詞，而反對against則為介詞。在使用中一定要注意。48、［誤］［正］［析］Ihaven'theardlettersfromhim.Ihaven'theardfromhim.hearfrom即為：從某人處得到信件。個要再加letterTo49、［誤］［正］［析］Teacher.MayIcallatyouthisweekend?Teacher.MayIcallonyouthisweekend?作為”拜訪"講callat其后接地點，女fl：MayIcallatyourhomethisweekend?而callon其后接人。5（）、［誤］Doyouknowthegirlonwhite?［正］Doyouknowthegirlinwhite?［析］inwhite為穿一身白。與in有關(guān)的詞組有:inbed（睡覺），inhospital（住院），inahurry（匆匆忙忙），indanger（危險中）,injoy（高興），ingoodhealth（身體好）,inlove（戀愛），introuble（困境），與之相反的是outof,如：outoftrouble（擺脫困境），outofdate（過時了），outoforder（出故障）51、［誤］Helookedatmeatsurprise.［IE］Helookedatmeinsurprise.［析］surprise的用法一般有三種。①用于句首，Toone'ssurprise,如：Tomysurprisehesucceeded.②besurprisedat,女［1：Iwassurprisedatthenews.③用于句尾insurprise.52>［誤］Shedidn'tcometoschoolbecauseofshewasill.［正］Shedidn'tcometoschoolbecauseshewasill.［析］becauseof后接名詞，女n：Thegamewasputoffbecauseoftherain.（三）例題解析-Thankyouthebeautifulflowers!-Notatall.AinBonCatDfor［答案］D.［析］由于某事向某人道謝應(yīng)用fOT。CanyouanswerthisquestionEnglish?AbyBinCwithDfrom［答案］B.［析］in表示用語言、聲音、或材料，如：Heansweredthequestioninalowvoice.LookthemapChinathewall,please.Aafter,of,inBat,of,inCafter,in,onDat,of,on［答案］D.［析］lookat為”看”,而onthewall為”在墻表面掛著”,而inthewall則是“在墻內(nèi)”，如Thereisholeinthewall.墻上有個洞。?WhendidMrGreenarriveinLondon?-HearrivedtheretheeveningofDecember6th.AatBinConDto［答案］C.［析］intheevening/afternoon這兩個詞組不論是在其前或后加上任何修飾詞都應(yīng)將介詞換為on,女n:onacoldmorning,onaspringmorning等。Wewontherelayrace.Andtherewasabigsmileourteacher'sface.AoffBnearConDbetween［答案］C.Thetwinsgotonwelltheirclassmates.AtoBinCwithDabout［答案］［答案］A.［答案］c.［析］getonwellwith與人相處很好。?Pleaseremembertocometomybirthdayparty.-1see.I'llcomeSaturdayevening.AinBatConDfor［答案］C.Let'shurry,orwe'llbelateschoolAtoBatCwithDfor［答案］D.［析］belatefor,而comelateto,女n：Don'tcomelatetoschoolTheywillhaveamathstesttwodaysAforBatCinDafter［答案］C.［析］三天之內(nèi)應(yīng)用in,而不要受中文影響用after,afterthreedays是個不定的時間范圍,即沒有一個準確的時間。5天、6天、1()天全是afterthreedays。1()MybrotherjoinedthearmyA1989,MarchBinMarch,1989CMarch,1989D1989,inMarch［答案］B.［析］在月份、年、前用介詞im而日子前用on。Hecouldn'tworkoutthemathsproblemyourhelpAwithoutBunderCforDwith［答案］A.［析］在某人幫助下應(yīng)用with,如：WiththehelpoftheteacherIpassedtheexameasily而要是沒有你的幫助則用withoutyourhelpGrannytookonelookatusherglassesAbyBthroughConDin［答案］B.［析］through為穿過。WehadourbreakfastaquartersevenA/,toBin,toCat,toDon,to［答案］C.［析］具體時間點前用al,而差兒分兒點用to,這里應(yīng)譯為：我在差一刻七點吃的早飯。IlearnFrenchtheradioeverydayAonBinCfromDat［析］從收音機中聽到某事應(yīng)用詞組ontheradiooIt'sgoodmannerstowaitlineAinBonCatDwith［答案］A.［析］inline為排隊。HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearntlastterm?AbytheendofBattheendofCtotheendofDtilltheendof［答案］A.［析］bytheendof為動作的截止時間，與完成時態(tài)相配合ThemanagerwasverysatisfiedhisworkAinBonCaboutDwith［答案］D.［析］besatisfiedwith為固定搭配。JohnhitJackfaceAontheBintheConhisDinhis［答案］B.［析］英文中的某些動詞其后要接人，然后加介詞+the+身體部位，如：Hecaughttheboybythearm。IwasbomthenightSeptember15,1978Ain,onBat,onCat,inDon,of［答案］D.［析］