教案講義-sat寫作

Part ysisofanScoringGuide(OG-ScoreofAnessayinthiscategorydemonstratesclearandconsistentmastery,althoughitmayhaveafewminorerrors.Atypicalessayeffectivelyandinsightfullydevelopsapointofviewontheissueanddemonstratesoutstandingcriticalthinking,usingclearlyappropriateexamples,reasons,andotherevidencetosupportitspositioniswellorganizedandclearlyfocused,demonstratingclearcoherenceandsmoothprogressionofideasexhibitsskillfuluseoflanguage,usingavaried,accurate,andaptdemonstratesmeaningfulvarietyinsentenceisfreeofmosterrorsingrammar,usage,andScoreofAnessayinthiscategorydemonstratesreasonablyconsistentmastery,althoughitwillhaveoccasionalerrorsorlapsesinquality.Atypicalessayeffectivelydevelopsapointofviewontheissueanddemonstratesstrongcriticalthinking,generallyusingappropriateexamples,reasons,andotherevidencetosupportitspositioniswellorganizedandfocused,demonstratingcoherenceandprogressionofexhibitsfacilityintheuseoflanguage,usingappropriatedemonstratesvarietyinsentenceisgenerallyfreeofmosterrorsingrammar,usage,andScoreofAnessayinthiscategorydemonstratesadequatemastery,althoughitwillhavelapsesinquality.Atypicalessaydevelopsapointofviewontheissueanddemonstratescompetentcriticalthinking,usingadequateexamples,reasons,andotherevidencetosupportitspositionisgenerallyorganizedandfocused,demonstratingsomecoherenceandprogressionofexhibitsadequatebutinconsistentfacilityintheuseoflanguage,usinggenerallyappropriatedemonstratessomevarietyinsentencehassomeerrorsingrammar,usage,andScoreofAnessayinthiscategorydemonstratesdevelomastery,andismarkedbyoneormoreoffollowingdevelopsapointofviewontheissue,demonstratingsomecriticalthinking,butmaydosoinconsistentlyoruseinadequateexamples,reasons,orotherevidencetosupportitspositionislimitedinitsorganizationorfocus,butmaydemonstratesomelapsesincoherenceorprogressionofideasdisplaysdevelofacilityintheuseoflanguage,butsometimesusesweakvocabularyorinappropriatewordchoicelacksvarietyordemonstratesproblemsinsentencecontainsanaccumulationoferrorsingrammar,usage,andScoreofAnessayinthiscategorydemonstrateslittlemastery,andisflawedbyoneormoreofthefollowingdevelopsapointofviewontheissuethatisvagueorseriouslylimited,demonstratingweakcriticalthinking,providinginappropriateorinsufficientexamples,reasons,orotherevidencetosupportitspositionispoorlyorganizedand/orfocused,ordemonstratesseriousproblemswithcoherenceorprogressionofideasdisplaysverylittlefacilityintheuseoflanguage,usingverylimitedvocabularyorincorrectworddemonstratesfrequentproblemsinsentencecontainserrorsingrammar,usage,andmechanicssoseriousthatmeaningissomewhatScoreofAnessayinthiscategorydemonstratesverylittleornomastery,andisseverelyflawedbyoneormoreofthefollowingweaknesses:developsnoviablepointofviewontheissue,orprovideslittleornoevidencetosupportitsisdisorganizedorunfocused,resultinginadisjointedorincoherentdisplaysfundamentalerrorsindemonstratessevereflawsinsentencecontainspervasiveerrorsingrammar,usage,ormechanicsthatpersistentlyinterferewithScoreofEssaysnotwrittenontheessayassignmentwillreceiveascoreofSuccessfulcollegewritingincludes(OG-well-developedideas,withrelevantandaccuratesupportingclearlyexpressedthesisgoodappropriate,accurate,andvariedvarietyofsyntax(sentenceSampleSample1(ScoreAsenseofhappinessandfulfillment,algain,isthebestmotivationandAsenseofhappinessandfulfillment,algain,isthebestmotivationandrewardforachievement.Expectingarewardofwealthorrecognitionforachievingagoalcanleadtodisappointmentfrustration.Ifwewanttobehappyinwhatwedoinlife,weshouldnotseekachievementforthesakeofwinningwealthandfame.The alsatisfactionofajobwelldoneisitsownreward.Assignment:Arepeoplemotivatedtoachieveby alsatisfactionratherthanbymoneyorfame?Planandwriteanessayinwhichyoudevelopyourpointofviewonthisissue.Supportyourpositionwithreasoningandexamplestakenfromyourreading,studies,experience,orobservation.Eventhoughweliveinacapitalistsociety,Istillcannothelpbutbelieve,despitemyowncynicism,thatpeoplearemoremotivatedtoachievesomethingforalsatisfactionratherthanmonetarygains.LookatChekov'sshortstory,"TheBet."Amanagreestosacrificefifteenyearsofhislifeinprisoninexchangeforamilliondollars.Obviouslyhismotivationforsuchanextremebetiswealth,butbytheendoftheprisonsentence,themancouldcarelessaboutthemoney.Afteryearsofintrospection,ofreadingShakespeare,TheBible,andtextbooks,themanactuallycomestodespisethemoneyheoncesought;themoneyhesignedawayfifteenyearsofhislifefor.Hedoesnotcollecthismoneyfromthebanker,herunsawaytobeonhisownandcontinuetolivethelifeofsolitudehehaslearnedtolove,freeofmoneyandpossessions.Also,inapsychologyclass,oneofthefirstthingsstudentsstudywhentheycometothetopicofmotivation,isexternalstimulusversusaldrive.Anytextbookwilllonethatstudiesshowthatachildismorelikelytoputasmuchenergyaspossibleintocompletingataskwhenitissomethingthatmakeshimhappy,thanifhewasngitforaphysicalreward.Achildismorelikelytogetgoodgrades,ifitmakeshimfeelgoodabouthimself,thanifhisparentsoffertopayhimeverytimehemakesthehonorroll.IagreewiththistheoryonmotivationbecauseIseeitplayouteverydayinmylife.Ifmyoldersisterhadbeenconcernedwithmoneyandfame,whichrealityevisionlsuseverynightisimportant,shewouldhavegonetocollegeaftergraduatinghighschool.Sheknewthough,thatschoolandlearningdidnotmakeherhappy,andshewasnotgoingtosufferthroughfourmoreyearsofschooljustbecauseacollegedegreecouldleadtoamoresuccessfuljob.Rightnowshedoesnotmakeasmuchmoneyatherjob,butshelikesherlifeandthewayshelives;shehasmorefunansweringphonesanddealingwithotherpeopleatworkthanshewouldbehindadeskinaclassroom.ThispastyearImyselfhavebeenforcedtolookatmyprioritiesaswell.Ihaveworkedhardinschoolallmylifeandhavemadehonorrollsemesteraftersemester,becauseIenjoyit.IhavenotfilledupmyschedulewithclassesIdidnotwantbecausecalculusandeconomicslookgoodonacollegetranscript.IhadahighenoughGPAtojointheNationalHonorSociety,butIchosenottojoinbecauseeventhoughitmighthaveimpressedsomeadmissionsofficers,itwasnotsomethingthatwasgoingtomakemehappy.InsteadIspendmytimestudyingCreativeWriting,ArtHistory,andtheothersubjectsIfeeltrulypassionateabout.Thereisapleasureprincipleinpsychology,whichbasicallymeansthatonewilldowhateverwillmakethemmosthappyorleastunhappy.Ithinkthatistrue,andIfeelthatthehappinessmostpeopleseekoutisnotaboutmoneyorluxury.Maybeitlookslikethatfromthemedia,becauseadvertisingsaysthatpeoplewanttobelikeDonaldTrump,butthatisnotreallife.Reallifeismynextdoorneighborwhogardensasasecondjobforsmallfeesbecausehelovestobeoutside,workingwithhishandsintheniceweather.Iamsurenoonewouldmindwinningthelottery,buttosaythatitisourprimarymotivatorinlifeissadanduntrue.Awhoishappyandmakingminimumwageislikelytolivelongerthansomeonewhospendshisorherlifeworkingsixtyfourhourweeksatastressfuljobtomakemoneyhandoverfist.Aresomepeopleverydrivenbymoney?Yes.Isthatmoreimportantthanthe alsatisfactionthatcomesfromngsomethinggood?Literature,psychology,andour alliveslusno,andIhopeitstaysthatway.(697words)SampleIntoday’sdecadentsociety,manythingsarenotastheyshouldbe.Asamemberofmygeneration,Icanlookaroundatmyfellowcontemporaries,andsaythatmanyoftheirvaluesaremisplaced,orwrongaltogether.Thereasonforthisdiversionfromalifeofstrongvaluesisnotthefaultofourgenerationalone,however.We,asteenagers,aretargetedbyanadultworld,manyofwhosevaluesaresofargone,itisalmostasiftheyneverhadanytostartwith.And,also,themajorityofteenagers’mainsourceof inginformation,evision,ischockfullofpoorrolemodels,anddisgusting,oftenperverseformsentertainment.AmIatotalcynic?No.Iknowthattherearestillgoodpeopleoutthere,whohavestrongvalues,andarenotdrivenbytheforcesofmoney,greedandmaterialism.Butoften,theseislandsinaseaofdecadenceareoverwashedandoverlooked.Forthatreason,Iwilltrumpetthosefewheroesofsocietywhostillbelieveintheidealsof alsuccess,andthebettermentoftheworld,ratherthanthosewhowouldsacrificeitforsuperficialgain.AverygoodexampleofsomeonelikethisisMarioLemieux,ownerandplayerforthePittsburghPenguins.Asaformerhockeyplayer,IhavealwaysadmiredLemieux,whoexhibitsgoodsportsmanship,andisoneofthegreatesthockeyplayersofalltime.Lemieuxstunnedtheworldthroughthe90’s,leadingtheteamtotwoStanleyCups,andalsoleadingtheleagueinscoringforseveralseasons.WhenLemieuxretired,manythoughttheywouldneverseethedayagainwhenLemieuxwouldonceagaintaketheice.Then,yearsafterhisretirement,theteamwentintobankruptcy.Lemieux,surprisingeveryone,boughttheteamoutofbankruptcy,atamonetarylosstohimself.Andwhentheteamwasinaslump,Mariothendecidedtotaketheskatesoncemoretohelphisteamoutofthegutter.Again,Lemieuxgaveupmoneytodothisbecausehecouldnotaffordtopayhimselfasalary.Andevenafterhecameback,Lemieuxisarguablyoneofthebestplayersinthegame. aldecisionstogiveuphismaterialmonetarypossessionstoplayfor alsatisfactionisagreatexampletousall.(387words)ScoreThisclearlyfocusedessaydemonstratesclearandconsistentmastery.Thewriterexhibitsoutstandingcriticalthinkinginsupportingthepointofviewthatdespitein"today'sdecadentsociety"shapedby"poorrolemodels"and"disgusting,oftenperverseformsofentertainment,"thereare"thosefewheroesofsocietywhostillbelieveintheidealsof alsuccess,andthebettermentoftheworld."ThesustainedexampleofMarioLemieuxprovideseffectiveandinsightfulsupportforthisposition,asthewritersmoothlyprogressesthroughachronologicalaccountofLemieux'scareerthatemphasizesnotonlythehockeyplayer'sskillbutalsohis"goodsportsmanship"andseveral" aldecisionstogiveuphismaterialmonetarypossessionstoplayfor satisfaction."TheseoccurredwhenLemieux"boughttheteamoutofbankruptcy"bybuyingtheteamhimselfandwhenhereturnedtothegameafterretirementeventhough"hecouldnotaffordtopayhimselfasalary."Overall,thiswellorganizedessaydemonstratesclearcoherence.Throughout,theessayshowsskillfuluseoflanguageinitsselectionofavaried,accurate,andaptvocabularyanddemonstratesmeaningfulvarietyinsentencestructure("AmIatotalcynic?No.Iknowthattherearestillgoodpeopleoutthere,whohavestrongvalues,andarenotdrivenbytheforcesofmoney,greed,andmaterialism.Butoften,theseislandsinaseaofdecadenceareoverwashedandoverlooked.Forthatreason,Iwilltrumpetthosefewheroesofsocietywhostillbelieveintheidealsof alsuccess,andthebettermentoftheworld").Thisoutstandingresponsereceivesascoreof6.SampleSample3(ScoreItisoftenthecasethatrevealingthecompletetruthmaybringfort,embarrassment,Itisoftenthecasethatrevealingthecompletetruthmaybringfort,embarrassment,orevenharm—tooneselforto .Inthesecircumstances,itisbetternottoexpressourthoughtsandfeelings.Whetherornotwe lthetruth,therefore,dependsontheAssignment:Docircumstancesdeterminewhetherornotweshouldlthetruth?Planandwriteanessayinwhichyoudevelopyourpointofviewonthisissue.Supportyourpositionwithreasoningandexamplestakenfromyourreading,studies,experience,orobservation.SampleSamplePAGE5(ScoreThinkcarefullyabouttheissuepresentedinthefollowingexcerptandassignmentbelow:Itisnottruethatprosperityisbetterforpeoplethanadversity.Whenpeoplearethrivingandcontent,theyseldomfeeltheneedtolookforwaystoimprovethemselvesortheirsituation.Hardship,ontheotherhand,forcespeopletocloselyexamine—andpossiblychange—theirownlivesandeventhelivesofothers.Misfortuneratherthanprosperityhelpspeopletogainagreaterunderstandingofthemselvesandtheworldaroundthem.Itisnottruethatprosperityisbetterforpeoplethanadversity.Whenpeoplearethrivingandcontent,theyseldomfeeltheneedtolookforwaystoimprovethemselvesortheirsituation.Hardship,ontheotherhand,forcespeopletocloselyexamine—andpossiblychange—theirownlivesandeventhelivesofothers.Misfortuneratherthanprosperityhelpspeopletogainagreaterunderstandingofthemselvesandtheworldaroundthem.Assignment:Dopeopletrulybenefitfromhardshipandmisfortune?Planandwriteanessayinwhichyoudevelopyourpointofviewonthisissue.Supportyourpositionwithreasoningandexamplestakenfromyourreading,studies,experience,orobservations.Itisnottruethatprosperityisbetterforpeoplethanadversity.Whenpeoplearethrivingandcontent,theyseldomfeeltheneedtolookforwaystoimprovethemselvesortheirsituation.Hardship,ontheotherhand,forcespeopletocloselyexamine—andpossiblychange—theirownlivesandeventhelivesofothers.Misfortuneratherthanprosperityhelpspeopletogainagreaterunderstandingofthemselvesandtheworldaroundthem.Itisnottruethatprosperityisbetterforpeoplethanadversity.Whenpeoplearethrivingandcontent,theyseldomfeeltheneedtolookforwaystoimprovethemselvesortheirsituation.Hardship,ontheotherhand,forcespeopletocloselyexamine—andpossiblychange—theirownlivesandeventhelivesofothers.Misfortuneratherthanprosperityhelpspeopletogainagreaterunderstandingofthemselvesandtheworldaroundthem.Assignment:Dopeopletrulybenefitfromhardshipandmisfortune?Planandwriteanessayinwhichyoudevelopyourpointofviewonthisissue.Supportyourpositionwithreasoningandexamplestakenfromyourreading,studies,experience,orobservations.Sample6(ScoreHavingmanyadmirersisonewayeacelebrity,butitisnottheHavingmanyadmirersisonewayeacelebrity,butitisnotthewayeahero.Heroesself-made.Yetinourdailylivesweseenodifferencebetween"celebrities"and"heroes."Forthisreason,wedepriveourselvesofrealrolemodels.Weshouldadmireheroes—peoplewhoarefamousbecausetheyaregreat—butnotcelebrities—peoplewhosimplyseemgreatbecausetheyarefamous.AdaptedfromDanielBoorstin,TheImage:AGuidetoPseudo-EventsinAssignment:Shouldweadmireheroesbutnotcelebrities?Planandwriteanessayinwhichyoudevelopyourpointofviewonthisissue.Supportyourpositionwithreasoningandexamplestakenfromyourreading,studies,experience,orobservations.Sample7(ScoreHavingmanyadmirersisonewayeacelebrity,butitisnottheHavingmanyadmirersisonewayeacelebrity,butitisnotthewayeahero.Heroesself-made.Yetinourdailylivesweseenodifferencebetween"celebrities"and"heroes."Forthisreason,wedepriveourselvesofrealrolemodels.Weshouldadmireheroes—peoplewhoarefamousbecausetheyaregreat—butnotcelebrities—peoplewhosimplyseemgreatbecausetheyarefamous.AdaptedfromDanielBoorstin,TheImage:AGuidetoPseudo-EventsinAssignment:Shouldweadmireheroesbutnotcelebrities?Planandwriteanessayinwhichyoudevelopyourpointofviewonthisissue.Supportyourpositionwithreasoningandexamplestakenfromyourreading,studies,experience,orobservations.Sample8(ScoreHavingmanyadmirersisonewayeacelebrity,butitisnottheHavingmanyadmirersisonewayeacelebrity,butitisnotthewayeahero.Heroesself-made.Yetinourdailylivesweseenodifferencebetween"celebrities"and"heroes."Forthisreason,wedepriveourselvesofrealrolemodels.Weshouldadmireheroes—peoplewhoarefamousbecausetheyaregreat—butnotcelebrities—peoplewhosimplyseemgreatbecausetheyarefamous.AdaptedfromDanielBoorstin,TheImage:AGuidetoPseudo-EventsinAssignment:Shouldweadmireheroesbutnotcelebrities?Planandwriteanessayinwhichyoudevelopyourpointofviewonthisissue.Supportyourpositionwithreasoningandexamplestakenfromyourreading,studies,experience,orobservations.WritingApproachestotheEssay(OG-Readthepromptcarefully,andmakesureyouwriteonthetopicDecideyourviewpointontheSpendacoupleofminutesonVarythesentencestructureinyourUseclear,precise,andappropriateLeavetimetoreviewwhatyouhavePlanYourEssay(4Readthestatementwithaneyeforitscomplexityandimplications.(1Decideonatentativepositionandbrainstorming(2Organizeyourideas(1ComposeYourEssay(20Composeabriefintroductoryparagraph.(4Composethebodyofyourresponse.(14Composeabriefconcludingorsummaryparagraph.(2RefineYourEssay(1Proofreadforsignificantmechanicalproblems.(1PlanYourFamiliarizethetopicsofMotivation;Innervs.OuterChoice&Progress&Success&BreakingtheRules/History&Education,Knowledge&ViewingfromDifferentIndividualvs.Group,BrainPosition:Yes/Idea①←——ExampleIdea②←——Example*Idea③←——Example③(Concession←——ProgressionofComposetheIntroductoryYoudemonstratethatyouunderstandthecomplexitiesorimplicationsoftheletthereaderknowthatyouhaveaclearontheanticipatetheideasyouintendtopresentinyouressay’sbodynotgointodetailaboutyourreasoning,andnotprovidespecificnotbeginbyrepeatingtheQuestion+(typicalanswer)+Why,youmaywonder,shouldspidersbeourfriends?Becausetheydestroysomanyinsects,andinsectsincludesomeofthegreatestenemiesofthehumanrace.Insectswouldmakeitimpossibleforustoliveintheworld;theywoulddevourallourcropsandkillourflocksandherds,ifitwerenotfortheprotectionwegetfrominsect-eatinganimals.Weowealottothebirdsandbeastswhoeatinsectsbutallofthemputtogetherkillonlyafractionofthenumberdestroyedbyspiders.Moreover,unlikesomeoftheotherinsecteaters,spidersneverdotheharmtousorourbelongings.——Lesson2,NCEBook4Whydoestheideaofprogressloomsolargeinthemodernworld?Surelyprogressofaparticularkindisactuallytakingplacearoundusandis ingmoreandmoremanifest.Althoughmankindhasundergonenogeneralimprovementininligenceormorality,ithasmadeextraordinaryprogressintheaccumulationofknowledge.——Lesson22,NCEBookStatingviews+IamalwaysamazedwhenIhearpeoplesayingthatsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenations,andthatifonlythecommonpeoplesoftheworldcouldmeetoneanotheratfootballorcricket,theywouldhavenoinclinationtomeetonthebattlefield.Evenifonedidn'tknowfromconcreteexamples(the1936OlympicGames,forinstance)thatinternationalsportingcontestsleadtoorgiesofhatred,onecoulddeduceitfromgeneral ——Lesson6,NCEBook4ManypeopleinindustryandtheServices,whohavepracticalexperienceofnoise,regardanyinvestigationofthisquestionasawasteoftime;theyarenotpreparedeventoadmitthepossibilitythatnoiseaffectspeople.Ontheotherhand,thosewhodislikenoisewillsometimesusemostinadequateevidencetosupporttheirpleasforaquietersociety.Thisisapity,becausenoiseabatementreallyisagoodcause,anditislikelytobediscreditedifitgetstobeassociatedwithbadscience.——Lesson25,NCEBook4Backgrounddescription+Educationisoneofthe ofourtime.Amanwithoutaneducation,manyofusbelieve,isanunfortunatevictimofadversecircumstances,deprivedofoneofthegreatesttwentieth-centuryopportunities.Convincedoftheimportanceofeducation,modernstates'invest'ininstitutionsoflearningtogetback'interest'intheformofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoarepotentialleaders.Education,withitscyclesofinstructionsocarefullyworkedout,punctuatedbytextbooks--thosepurchasablewellsofwisdom--whatwouldcivilizationbelikewithoutitsbenefits?——Lesson33,NCEBook4Anecdote+PaulEhrlich,discoveredadrug…….Itwasnamed“Formula606”,becausethefirst605testsweremistakes.Thelessonwecansafelydrawfromthisstoryisthat……Quotation+OG-“Itisasmallstepforaman;butagiantleapfor ——NeilOG-“Wechoosetogotothemoonandotherthings,notbecausetheyareeasy,butbecausetheyarehard.” Asthesayinggoes,…Thesayingisusedtopointoutthat…ThisisnowheremoretruethanonthequestionofXXX.Thereisanoldsayingthat“…,”whichistrueinmostThereisanidiominEnglishthatComposetheBodyYoubesurethefirstsentenceofeachparagraphbeginsadistincttrainofthoughtandclearlyconveystothereadertheessenceoftheparagraph,andsticktothatsentencearrangeyourparagraphsaccordingtotheoutlinesoyouressayflowslogicallyandpersuasivelyfromonepointtothenextdevotenomorethan3or4sentencestoanyonepointinyourbriefspecificalBriefGreatleadersarealmostalwaysgreatsimplifiers,whocutthroughargument,debateanddoubttoofferasolutioneverybodycanunderstandandremember.ChurchillwarnedtheBritishtoexpect“blood,toil,tearsandsweat”;F.D.RoosevelttoldAmericansthat“theonlythingwehavetofearisfearitself”;Leninpromisedthewar-wearyRussianspeace,landandbread.Straightforwardbutpotentmessage.Someofthegreatestscientificdiscoveriesaretheresultofinspirationscausedbychanceoccurrences.Threebriefexamplescandemonstratethispoint.First,Archimedes’noticingtheriseofwaterlevelashesubmergedhimselfinatubledtotheformulationofthelawsofliquiddisplacement,thefoundationofmanyofthelawsofmodernphysics.Second,SirIsaacNewtondiscoveredthelawofgravitybecauseanapplefellonhisheadwhilehewassittingunderatree.Third,afterbeingcaughtinastrongcurrentofhotrisingairwhileflyinghisgasballoon,GeorgeAlexanderWhiteheadthoughtabouttheoccurrenceanddevelopedthefundamentalprinciplesofmeteorology.SpecificNorisitonlytheignorantandill-educated whowassuchfaithinthebottleofmedicine.ItisrecountedofThomasCarlylethatwhenheheardoftheillnessofhisfriend,HenryTaylor,hewentoffimmediaytovisithim,carryingwithhiminhispocketwhatremainedofabottleofmedicineformerlyprescribedforanindispositionofMrs.Carlyle's.Carlylewasentirelyignorantofwhatthebottleinhispocketcontained,ofthenatureoftheillnessfromwhichhisfriendwassuffering,andofwhathadpreviouslybeenwrongwithhiswife,butamedicinethathadworkedsowellinoneformofillnesswouldsurelybeofequalbenefitinanother,andcomfortedbythethoughtofthehelphewasbringingtohisfriend,hehastenedtoHenryTaylor'shouse.Historydoesnotrelatewhetherhisfriendacceptedhismedicalhelp,butinallprobabilityhedid.——Lesson28,NCEBookOneallegationoftenmadeisthatnoiseproducesmentalillness.Arecentarticleinaweeklynewspaper,forinstance,washeadedwithastrikingillustrationofaladyinastateofconsiderabledistress,withthecaption'Shewasyetanothervictim,reducedtoascreamingwreck'.Onturningeagerlytothetext,onelearnsthattheladywasatypistwhofoundthesoundofofficetypewritersworriedhermoreandmoreuntileventuallyshehadtogointoamentalhospital.Nowthesnaginthissortofanecdoteisofcoursethatonecannotdistinguishcauseandeffect.Wasthenoiseacauseoftheillness,orwerethecomplaintsaboutthenoisemerelyasymptom?Anotherpatientmightequallywellcomplainthatherneighbourswerecombiningtoslanderherandpersecuteher,andyetonemightbecautiousaboutbelievingthisstatement. ——Lesson25,NCEBook4alexperience:friendly,interestingandAcaseinpointisSomethingservesasatypicalexampleSomuchiscertain:thatwewouldhavedoctorsandpreachers,lawyersanddefendants,marriagesandbirths--butourspiritualoutlookwouldbedifferent.Wewouldlaylessstresson'factsandfigures'andmoreonagoodmemory,onappliedpsychology,andonthecapacityofamantogetalongwithhisfellow-citizens.Ifoureducationalsystemwerefashionedafteritsbooklesspastwewouldhavethemostdemocraticformof'college'imaginable.Amongtribalpeopleallknowledgeinheritedbytraditionissharedbyall;itistaughttoeverymemberofthetribesothatinthisrespecteverybodyisequallyequippedfor ——Lesson33,NCEBook“Nationsshouldcooperatetodevelopregulationsthatlimitchildren’saccesstoadultmaterialontheInternet.”However,informationontheInternetisnoteasilycontainedwithinnationalborders.Limitingaccesstosuchinformationisakintopreventingcertainkindsofglobalenvironmentaldestruction.Considertheproblemofozonedepletionthoughttobearesultofchlorofluorocarbon(CFC)emissions.WhentheernmentregulatedCFCproductionintheU.S.,corporationsresponsibleforreleasingCFC'sintotheatmospheresimplymovedabroad,andtheglobalthreatcontinued.Similarly,theInternetisaglobalphenomenon;regulationsinonecountrywillnotstop"contamination"overall.Thus,successfulregulationofInternetographyrequiresinternationalcooperation,justsuccessfulCFCregulationfinallyrequiredthejointeffortsofmany“Learningwritingshouldprogressinpropersequence——similartolearningpottery——observe,copyandoriginate.”Writersandpottersaresimilarinthattheybothlearntheircraftsbyimitatingmasters,peopleskilledinthecrafts.Theydevoteagreatdealoftimeandconcentrationtofollowingthesemasters.Forexample,beforethepottercanproduceadelicatevaseorasymmetricalpitcher,heorshemustspendtimewatchingamasteratwork.Likewise,anovicewritercannotproduceawell-organizedessayorevenacoherentparagraphwithoutfirststudyinggoodmodels.Thepotterobservesthewaytheexpertspinsthewheelandformstheclay;thenheorshetriestodoexactlywhatthemasterhasdone.Similarly,theapprenticewriterimitatestheworkofamasterwriter.Thepotterbeginswithsmall,simpleprojects.Inthesameway,thewriterbeginswithshortparagraphandproceedstotheessayonlyaftermasteringthebasics.Sojustasthepottergainsinspirationandskillfromanexperiencedartist,awriterlearnstocommunicateeffectivelyafterstudyingtheworkofmasterwriters.Authority/“Canknowledgebeaburdenratherthana Confuciusoncesaid,“Whenyouknowathing,toholdthatyouknowit.Andwhenyoudonotknowathing,toallowthatyoud