初中英語直接引語和間接引語講解與訓(xùn)練

直接引語和間接引語的講解直接引語(DirectSpeech)：當(dāng)我們引用別人的話語時(shí)，若引用的是原話，被引用的部分叫直接引語。間接引語(IndirectSpeech)：當(dāng)我們引用別人的話語時(shí)，也可以用自己的話把意思轉(zhuǎn)述出來，這種轉(zhuǎn)述的別人說話的部分叫做間接引語。典型例句：1.Shesaid,”IlikeEnglishverymuch.“(直接引語)(她說：“我非常喜歡英語”。)典型例句：2.ShesaidshelikedEnglishverymuch.(間接引語)(她說她非常喜歡英語。)一、直接引語與間接引語的轉(zhuǎn)化陳述句的間接引語直接引語是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，引述動(dòng)詞通常是say,tell等。與此同時(shí)，間接引語中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和其他方面也要相應(yīng)有所變化，其中人稱的變化與漢語的變化是一致的。例1)Johnsaid,"I'vebeenlateagain.”—Johnsaidthathehadbeenlateagain.例2)Shesaid,”Weareveryfondofsports.”—Shesaidthattheywereveryfondofsports.疑問句的間接引語1.一般疑問句一般疑問句改為間接引語時(shí)，要用陳述語序，并要加連詞f或whether，其主句動(dòng)詞常用ask,wonder,wanttoknow,didn'tknow等。句末不用問號(hào)。例1)Myteacheraskedme,“DoyoulikeAmericancountrymusic?”—Myteacheraskedmeif/whetherIlikedAmericancountrymusic.2.反意疑問句反意疑問句轉(zhuǎn)述為間接引語時(shí)，要把它看成是一般疑問句，即句型為陳述句，在句子前面加訐或whether，往往后面還要加上ornot,常用whetherornot.例1)Shecried,”Youhavemadeabigmistake,haven'tyou?”—ShecriedwhetherIhadmadeabigmistakeornot.否定的一般疑問句和選擇問句如果直接引語為否定的一般問句或選擇疑問句時(shí)，用whetherornot連接。例1)Shesaid,Don'tyouknowmytelephonenumber—SheaskedmewhetherIknewhertelephonenumberornot.例2)DoyoulikethisoneorthatoneTomasked.—TomaskedmewhetherIlikedthisoneorthatone.特殊疑問句間接引語為特殊疑問句時(shí)，間接引語前仍然用特殊疑問詞作為連詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句，注意從句必須用陳述語序，主句謂語動(dòng)詞常用ask。例1)Heasked,“Howdoyoulikeit?”—HeaskedmehowIlikedit.例2)Sheaskedme,“What'sthematterwithyou?”—Sheaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.例3)”Howmanybooksdoyouhave?”sheasked.—SheaskedmehowmanybooksIhad.祈使句的間接引語1．直接引語為祈使句時(shí)，間接引語往往用復(fù)合賓來表示，其結(jié)構(gòu)為主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語（動(dòng)詞不定式）。引述動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)口氣選用tell,ask,order,command,request等詞，句中please去掉。例1）Shesaidtome,"Pleasehavearest.JSheaskedmetohavearest.例2）”Don'tallansweratonce”,shesaidtothepupils.fShetoldthepupilsnottoanswerallatonce.帶有l(wèi)et的祈使句（表示請(qǐng)求，建議或命令），可用suggest+-ing形式或suggest+that從句來表示其相應(yīng)的意思。例1）”Let'sgoforawalk”,saidthegirl.fThegirlsuggestedgoingforawalk.例2）Theteachersaid,“LetLilytidytheclassroom.”fTheteachersuggestedthatLilyshouldtidytheclassroom.感嘆句的間接引語直接引語是感嘆句變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，多采用賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)，既可用what或how引導(dǎo)，也可用that引導(dǎo)。例1）”Whatacleverboyyouare!”Myteachersaidtohim.—Myteachertoldhimwhatacleverboyhewas.—Myteachertoldhimthathewasaverycleverboy.例2）Shesaid,”Howinterestingthefilmis!”—Shesaidthathowinterestingthefilmwas.有些感嘆句可以根據(jù)原句的意思，采用適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞變?yōu)殛愂鼍?，不需用間接賓語來轉(zhuǎn)述。例1）“Help!“hecried.—Hecalledforhelp.例2）”HappyChristmas!”hesaid.—HewishedmeahappyChristmas.“Wouldyouplease?“如何變?yōu)殚g接引語“Wouldyouplease?“雖然是個(gè)一般疑問句，但它表示的是”請(qǐng)求”，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，一般用動(dòng)詞不定式來表示。句型：主語+ask/invite+賓語+不定式例1）”Wouldyoupleasehavelunchwithmetomorrow?”MrZhouaskedme.—MrZhouasked/invitedmetohavelunchwithhimthenextday.二、間接引語中的詞語變化直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，間接引語中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語以及主謂語詞序往往要作相應(yīng)的變化。時(shí)態(tài)的變化，直接引語轉(zhuǎn)化為間接引語時(shí)，主句動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)若是過去時(shí)，間接引語的時(shí)態(tài)要變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。直接引語中的時(shí)態(tài)間接引語中的時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)（不變）一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)仃時(shí)shallshouldshouldshould（不變）willwouldwouldwould（不變）maymightmightmight（不變）cancouldcouldcould（不變）例1）Shesaid,”Ilikemathsverymuch.”（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）fShesaidthatshelikedmathsverymuch.（一般過去時(shí)）例2）Hesaid,“I'veneverseenthisman.”（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）fHesaidthathehadneverseenthatman.（過去完成時(shí)）例3）Joesaid,”I'mlisteningtomusicinmyroom.”（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）fJoesaidthathewaslisteningtomusicinhisroom.（過去進(jìn)行時(shí)）重要提示1：當(dāng)引語表示一般真理或客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)化為間接引語時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變，并且要使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：例1）Heasked,“whichstaristhebiggest?”fHeaskedwhichstaristhebiggest.例2）Theteachertoldus,”Theearthgoesaroundthesun.”fTheteachertoldustheearthgoesaroundthesun.重要提示2：當(dāng)直接引語有確定的過去時(shí)間時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不需變化。例1）Chloesaid,”Thestorytookplaceinthe1930s.”fChloesaidthatthestorytookplaceinthe1930s.B.時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和指示代詞的變化直接引語中的狀語、指示代詞間接引語中的狀語、指示代詞todaythatday當(dāng)天yesterdaythedaybefore前一天tomorrowthenextday/thefollowingday第二天nextweek/month/yearthenextweek/month/yearlastweek/month/yeartheweek/month/yearbeforeagobeforethree/four/yearsagothree/four/yearsbeforein2008in2008（不變）nowthen那時(shí)sofarbythenheretherethisthatthesethosethedaybeforeyesterday前天twodaysbefore兩天前thedayaftertomorrow后天intwodays'time/twodaysafter兩天后C.方向性動(dòng)詞的變化在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，表示方向性的動(dòng)詞bring,come應(yīng)變?yōu)閠ake,go。例1）Mysisteraskedme,”Couldyoubringthechairsupstairs?”fMysisteraskedmeifIcouldtakethechairsupstairs.Exercises:II.將下列直接引語轉(zhuǎn)化為間接引語。1.“Myparentsareverywell.“saidTom.f2.Heasked,“Tom,wheredidyoureadit?”—>—>Thedoctorsaid,”Stayinbedforafewdays.”—>Tomsaid”Iwokeupfeelingill."—>Hesaid,”I'lltellAnnIsawyou.”—>“Ishedoinghishomework?”Jimasked.—>Doyouliketomakefriendswithus？Heasked.—>Tinasaid,”Iusuallygetupatsix.”—>Nellsaid,"Ihaveworkedoutthisproblem."—>Joannasaid,"ProfessorBlackisgoingtogivealecturenextweek."—>Theboysaid,"ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere."—>Hesaid:“I'veleftmybookinmyroom."—>Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don'twasteyourtime."—>Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1978."—>Theengineersaid,“Iwasatcollegein1967."—>"Wheredoesyourchemistryteacherlive,Karen?'theyoungmanasked.—>“Lighttravelsfasterthansound."thephysicsteachersaidtotheboysandgirls.—>“Whatdidyoudohereyesterday?"theoldmanaskedmybrother.—>Myfathersaid,“Practicemakesperfect."ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”—>Theteachersaid,"Theearthgoesroundthesun.”—>"Howdoyoulikethefoodhere?”saidshe.—>Hesaid,"Iamproudofmymotherland."—>.Shesaidtome,"Havelunchwithus."—>"Becareful,anddon'tcutyourfinger,"hesaidtome.—>Themanaskedme,"Howmanytimeshaveyoubeenhere?"—>Shesaidtoherson,"Don'tforgettoturnoffthelightwhenyouleavetheroom!"—>Isaid,"Iwillgivehersomeadvicetomorrow."—>Marywroteinherletter,"Mr.Liu,whenwillyoucometoAmerica?"—>"Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime，”hisfathersaidtohim.—>Mr.Wangsaid，"IwillleaveforShanghaionbusinessnextmonth,children”—>"Ihaven'theardfrommyparentsthesedays，”saidMary.—>Shesaidtohim,"It'stimethatyoulefthere.”—>ZhangHongsaidtome，"DoctorWangpassedawayin1948.”—>Thehistoryteachersaidtothem，"TheChineseCommunistPartywasfoundedonJuly1st，1921.”—>Ann,haveyouseenmybluenotebook?”Peterasked.—>"Whatdifferencedoesitmake?”PeteraskedJim.—>"Isyourfath