虛擬語(yǔ)氣課件【高效備課精研】 高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

虛擬語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)氣概述在英語(yǔ)中，隨著說(shuō)話人對(duì)某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度不同，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用不同的形式，即稱為語(yǔ)氣。英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)氣有三種：陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示只存在于講話人想象中的假設(shè)或推測(cè)，而不是客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)中的真實(shí)事件。它表示懷疑、憂慮、推測(cè)、假設(shè)、想象或祝愿等，如：Iwishyouweremorecareful.IfIwerenotsobusy,Iwouldgoandhelphim.基本用法從句謂語(yǔ)形式主句謂語(yǔ)形式例句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞用were）would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形IfIwereyou,Iwouldseizethechance.如果我是你，我就抓住這次機(jī)會(huì)。與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had+過(guò)去分詞would/should/could/might+have+過(guò)去分詞Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn’thavefailed.如果你聽(tīng)了我的建議，你不會(huì)失敗。與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反1.過(guò)去式2.wereto+動(dòng)詞原形3.should+動(dòng)詞原形would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形If

he

should

not

come

tomorrow,

we

would

put

off

the

meeting.如果明天他不來(lái)，我們就推遲會(huì)議。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí)1.I’mverybusynow.IfIhadtime,Iwouldcertainlygotothemovieswithyou.我很忙，如果我有時(shí)間，我就當(dāng)然會(huì)與你一起去看電影。（事實(shí)上我沒(méi)有時(shí)間，也不能與你一起看電影）2.IfIwereyou,Ishouldgoandseethedentistatonce.如果我是你，我就馬上去看牙醫(yī)。（事實(shí)上我不是你，也不會(huì)去看牙醫(yī)）3.Iftherewerenogravity,weshouldnotbeabletowalk.如果沒(méi)有引力，我們就不能走路。（事實(shí)上有引力，我們也能走路。）與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反1.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemether.如果你早來(lái)幾分鐘，就會(huì)見(jiàn)到她了。（事實(shí)上沒(méi)有早來(lái)，也沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到她）2.IfIhadn’ttakenyouradvice,Iwouldhavemadeabigmistake.與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反1.IfitwereSundaytomorrow,Iwouldgotoseemyfriendthere.2.IfIshoulddoit,Iwoulddoitanotherway.If在虛擬條件句中的省略在虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，可以將if省略，將were/had/should提到主語(yǔ)前面，形成沒(méi)有if的條件從句，其意義不變。例句：Ifyouhadinvitedus,weshouldhavecometoyourparty.Hadyouinvitedus,weshouldhavecometoyourparty.Hadyouinvitedus,wewouldhavecometoyourparty.如果你當(dāng)時(shí)邀請(qǐng)了我們，我們就已經(jīng)去了你的聚會(huì)了。（實(shí)際上沒(méi)去）錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句在含虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句的句子中，主句和從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不同時(shí)，要根據(jù)各自動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間選用相應(yīng)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。例句：Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.

他若當(dāng)時(shí)聽(tīng)醫(yī)生的話，他現(xiàn)在就痊愈了。（從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）HadItakenmyumbrellawithmewhenIcameoutthismorning,Ishouldnotbewetnow.

如果我早上出來(lái)時(shí)帶了傘，現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)淋濕了。（從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）含蓄虛擬條件句有時(shí)候虛擬語(yǔ)氣不用條件從句，而是通過(guò)上下文或者用介詞短語(yǔ)等表示出來(lái)，這種虛擬語(yǔ)氣叫作含蓄虛擬條件句。標(biāo)志詞：without,with,butfor,otherwise,or,incaseof等例句：Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.如果不是你的幫助，我們不會(huì)提前完成工作。虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他句型中的用法A.在主語(yǔ)從句中的用法1.

Itis/was+形容詞+that…適用于這一句型的常用形容詞有：necessary,important,natural,strange,imperative,urgent,essential,probable,better,keen,possible,eager,anxious,unthinkable,astonishing等例句：Itisnecessarythatthequestion(should)besettledatonce.Itseemsincrediblethatheshouldhavefinishedtheworksosoon.Itwasquitenaturalthatheshouldthinkso.2.

Itis/was+名詞＋that…

適用于這一句型的名詞常有：apity,ashame,nowonder等例句：It’sagreatpitythathe(should)besohardonher.真遺憾，他會(huì)對(duì)她這樣苛刻。It’sashamethatheshouldhavedonesuchathing.3.主句含“命令、建議、請(qǐng)求或要求”的意思適用于這一句型的動(dòng)詞“一”堅(jiān)持（insist）“二”命令（order,command）“三”要求（request,

require,

demand）“四”建議（suggest,advise,propose,recommend）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式用should+原形，should可以省略例句：1.Itwassuggestedthatthemeeting（should）beputofftillnextweek.2.Isuggestedthatthemeeting（should）beputofftillnextweek.3.Igavehimasuggestionthatthemeeting（should）beputofftillnextweek.4.Mysuggestionwasthatthemeeting（should）beputofftillnextweek.例外：suggest作為“暗示”的意思，insist作為“力言”的意思，后面的賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍然用陳述語(yǔ)氣形式！B.在賓語(yǔ)從句中的用法wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，來(lái)表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)或不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。wish的時(shí)態(tài)不影響其后賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的that可省去，其構(gòu)成形式如下：條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式例句從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞用were）HowIwishIwereabird.（=IfonlyIwereabird.）我多希望我是一只小鳥(niǎo)啊。從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞先于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生had+過(guò)去分詞HowIwishIhadseenthefilmyesterday!我多希望昨天看了那部電影?。木渲^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生would/could+動(dòng)詞原形HelearnsEnglishveryhardasifhewouldgototheU.S.A.他學(xué)英語(yǔ)很努力好像要去美國(guó)似的。例句：Irequestedthatyou(should)noteatthemeat.Sheinsistedthattheseats(should)bebookedinadvance.Hesuggestedthatthedoctor(should)besentfor.這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，并不考慮是否與事實(shí)相符或相反，或愿望有無(wú)實(shí)現(xiàn)可能。而只是用（should)+動(dòng)詞原形這種形式。某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞常用的有：demand,suggest,order,insist,propose,request,command,desire,require,ask,move等。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式是（should+動(dòng)詞原形）wouldrather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中條件賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式例句對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的虛擬過(guò)去式（be用were）I’drathertheydidn’thearofthenews.我寧愿他們不會(huì)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)這個(gè)消息。對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬had+過(guò)去分詞I’dratherIhadnottoldhimthebadnews.我寧愿沒(méi)告訴過(guò)他那個(gè)壞消息。C.在狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法1.以asif,asthough引起的狀語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式與wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句相同，be用were或was例句：Theytalked/aretalkingasif/thoughtheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.Hespoketomeasif/thoughIwere/wasdeaf.Sheactedasifshewouldcomeandhelpustomorrow.2.以inorderthat,sothat,that引起的目的狀語(yǔ)從句可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用may,might,can,could+動(dòng)詞原形，如果狀語(yǔ)從句是否定句，可用should＋動(dòng)詞原形例句：Shestayedathomeforafewdayssothatshemight/couldtakecareofhermother.Theteacherspokeslowlyinorderthatthestudentscould/mighthearhimclearly.Shetookataxitothestationsothatsheshouldnotmissthetrain.3.

以whatever,whoever,nomatterwhat/who之類(lèi)代詞或詞組引起的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用may＋動(dòng)詞原形例句：Iwon’tletyouinwhoeveryoumaybe.Nomatterwhatyoumaysay,I’mdeterminedtodowhatIthinkisright.Youmustn’tbeproud,howevermuchyoumayhaveachieved.4.

以lest,forfearthat,incase（以免）引起的從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用should+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成例句：Hetookhisraincoatwithhimlestitshouldrain.Heputhiscoatoverthesoldierforfearthat/lestheshouldcatchcold.I’llkeepaseatforyouincaseyoushouldchangeyourmind.1.在表語(yǔ)從句中，主句的主語(yǔ)如果是suggestion,proposal,request,order,idea,advice,demand,necessity,plan,decision等，其后的表語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should＋動(dòng)詞原形例句：Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)plantmoretrees.Myideaisthatwe(should)gowithouthim.

2.Asif/though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句中也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣例句：Shelooksasthoughsheweresick.Ifeel/feltasifwehadknowneachotherforyears.但asif/asthough后面的從句的情況如果是可能發(fā)生的或被認(rèn)為是真實(shí)的，常用陳述語(yǔ)氣，如：Hewalksasifheisdrunk(=heisprobablydrunk)Hewalksasifheweredrunk,(=hewalksasifheweredrunkbutheisnot)在表語(yǔ)從句中的用法E.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在同位語(yǔ)從句中的用法在suggestion,proposal,idea,order,plan,request,require等名詞后的同位語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形例句：WhatdoyouthinkofMr.Li’sproposalthatwe(should)putonaplayattheEnglishevening?Theyreceivedordersthatthework(should)bedoneatonce.1.

Itis(high,about)time…句型要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should＋動(dòng)詞原形（should不可以省略)或動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式例句：Itistimewewere/shouldbeoff.Itishightimethatwewent/shouldgotobed.2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在簡(jiǎn)單句中的用法A.用may+動(dòng)詞原形表示祝愿，但愿等。May放在句首例句：Maygoodluckbeyours!祝你順利。Mayyousucceed!祝你成功。Mayyoubehappy!祝你幸福。B.動(dòng)詞原形live用在longlive…中，表示強(qiáng)烈的愿望或祝愿例句：Longlivethepeople!人民萬(wàn)歲！Longlivethepeople’srepublicofchina!中華人民共和國(guó)萬(wàn)歲！虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他用法3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，表示說(shuō)話人的謙虛，客氣，有禮貌，或語(yǔ)氣婉轉(zhuǎn)，常用于日常用語(yǔ)例句：Wouldyouleaveanoteforher?Youmightaswellputthemeetingoffforanewdays.Couldyoutellmethewaytothestation.Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.Iwouldrathernottellyou.1.--Itisasecret.Mr.Wangwon’tletanybodyknowaboutit.

--Butit’simportanttomethatyou___mealltheinformation.a.shallgiveb.givec.gaved.willgive2.Johninsistedthathisteacher____notwrong.a.shouldbe

b.be

c.is

d.wascd3.

--Youdidn’ttellmethatyouwantedtogototheconcert.--Ifyou____me,Iwouldhavebookedaseatforyou.a.told

b.hadtold

c.havetold

d.shouldtell4.

Herworriedlooksuggeststhathermother___badlyill.a.be

b.shouldbe

c.is

d.was5.

Themanagerinsistedthatthey____anothershoefactory.a.shouldbuild

b.built

c.wouldbuild

d.bebuiltbca6.Whatapityitwasthatyoudidn’ttellmeabouttheaccident.Ifyouhadtoldme,I___you.a.wouldhelpb.helpedc.hadhelpedd.wouldhavehelped7.ProfessorWangsuggestedthatthepatient___atonce.a.beoperatedonb.mustoperateonc.shouldbeoperatedd.hadtooperate8.___youtoseeyourgirlfriend,whatwouldyousaytoher?

a.ifb.whenc.wered.wasdcc9.

It___hardnow,orelsewe___gooutandplayfootball.a.rains,shall

b.israining,couldc.rained,should

d.wouldrain,might10.

___Iunlockedthedoor,Iwouldhaveenteredtheoffice.a.if

b.have

c.when

d.had11.

--DidyouenjoytheplayonFridayevening?--Yes,butIwishI___ahighfever.a.hadn’t

b.hadn’thad

c.wouldhavenotd.have12.Ifit___tomorrowafternoon,IshallstayathomewatchingTV.a.snows

b.willsnow

c.hadsnowed

d.shouldsnowbdbd13.

Ifyouhadstud