人教版高一英語必修一定語從句詳解和練習(xí)

精選文檔精選文檔精選文檔定語從句

一、定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語

1、定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般跟在它所修飾的先行

詞今后。定語從句一般都緊跟在它所修飾名詞后邊，因此假如在名詞或代詞后邊出現(xiàn)一個從句，依據(jù)它與前面名詞或代詞的邏輯關(guān)系來判斷是不是定語從句。

2、先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。

3、關(guān)系詞：指引定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。

關(guān)系詞相關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞;關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；

關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why等。

關(guān)系詞平時有以下三個作用：A、指引定語從句；

、代替先行詞；

C、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分

4.定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句:①限制性定語從句對先行詞起限制、

確立的作用，是先行詞不可以缺乏的定語，假如省去，主句的意思就會不圓滿或不合邏輯。這類定語從句和主句之間不可以用逗號分開。

②非限制性定語從句和先行詞關(guān)系廢弛，但是對先行詞作附帶說明，假如省去，主句的意思仍舊圓滿或清楚.從句和主句之間須用逗號分開。

關(guān)系詞指代充當(dāng)成分that人或物主（賓）which物主（賓）關(guān)系代人主（賓）who詞whom人賓語whose+n人或物定語Eg.Iknowthemanwho/thatwearahat.(連接主從句，代替先行詞theman,在定從中做主語)定語從句解題三步驟：1.找出先行詞

2.判斷成分：確立先行詞在從句中的成分（主語，賓語，狀語）

3.選擇正確的關(guān)系詞

注意：正確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分

①.請找出下邊句子中的定語從句,并判斷其成分：

1）ImetMarywholookedverysad.

2）Theoldmanwhomyoutalkedtoyesterdayismyuncle.

3）Thisisthepenwhichhegaveme.

二、關(guān)系代詞指引的定語從句

1、who指人，在定語從句中作主語,賓語，做賓語常?？墒÷?。。

TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

2、whom指人，為who的賓格，在定語從句中做賓語，?？墒÷?。關(guān)系代詞whom在口

語中可用who或that代替。

Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.

3、which指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語常?？墒÷浴?/p>

Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.

Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.

4、that既可指人也可指物，指人時，相當(dāng)于who或whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which.。在定

語從句中作主語或賓語，做賓語常常可省略。

Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.

Thepersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.

Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.

5、Whose平時指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。

Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.

Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.

【注意】指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替：the+n.+of+whichTheclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?

Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?

注：that與which用法差別

(1)只用which,不用that的狀況

(a)在指引非限制性定語從句時,只好用which。

(錯)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.

介詞后用which,不可以用that。（物用which，人用whom).Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.

Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.1.在非限擬訂語從句中。

3.有兩個定語從句，此中一個從句關(guān)系代詞已用了that，另一個宜用which.

ThisisthepaperthatIreadeverydayandwhichIfindsointeresting.

4.當(dāng)先行詞自己是that.

Thepredicateisthatwhichissaidofthesubject.

只好用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的狀況(a)在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。

(b)在不定代詞，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,little,few,much

等作先行詞時，只用

that，

不用which。

(c)先行詞有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修飾時，只用that。

(d)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高等時，只用that,不可以用which。.

先行詞既有人，又有物時。

先行詞指物，在主句中作表語時．

Eg;Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?

Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished．

Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.

Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.

三只用who的狀況

當(dāng)先行詞是those,she,he,they,one,ones,anyone等代詞時，關(guān)系代詞用who.

Hewhoknowsothersislearned,andhewhoknowshimselfiswise.

五、關(guān)系代詞as和which指引的定語從句

as和which指引非限制性定語從句時，其用法有同樣之處，也有不同樣之處。詳盡狀況是：

1、as和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或賓語，代表前面整個句子。

Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.

Heishonest,as/whichwecansee.

2、as指引的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句以前、主句今后，甚至還可以切割主句。which

指引的非限制性定語從句只可放在主句今后。其余，as常常有“正如、正像”的含義。

Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.

Heisfromthesouth,aswecanknowfromhisaccent.

ZhangHuahasbeentoParismorethantentimes,whichIdon’tbelieve.【注意】①

當(dāng)主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，關(guān)系詞常常只用

which。

Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.

Thesetablesaremadeofmetal,whichmadethemveryheavy.②當(dāng)先行詞受such,thesame修飾時，關(guān)系詞常用as。

Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.

ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.

二、關(guān)系副詞指引的定語從句

1、when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。

IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool

Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.

2、where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。

ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.

ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.

注：當(dāng)先行詞是case，point,stage,situation等表示狀況，階段，某方面的詞時也要用where

3、why指原由，在定語從句中作原由狀語。

Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.

Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.

【注意】關(guān)系副詞指引的定語從句常?？梢杂谩敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”指引的定語從句來表示。

關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞

why=forwhich

where=in/at/on/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配)

when=during/on/in/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配)

Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichtheylive.

Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.

三、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”指引的定語從句

關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。

Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.

=Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.

TomorrowI\'llbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.

TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.

ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtenniswithyesterday.

【注意】

1、含有介詞的短語動詞一般不打開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后邊。如：

takecareof等。

Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)

→ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(誤)

Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.

→Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.

2、若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時只可用whom，不可以用who

指物時只可用which，不可以用that。關(guān)系代詞是全部格時用whose。

Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(正)

→Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(誤)

TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(正)

→TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(誤)

lookfor,lookafter,

(正)

（誤）

和that；關(guān)系代詞

3、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代詞或許數(shù)詞。

Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.

Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.

四、關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞指引定語從句主要看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中的作用成分）。試比較：

（即所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

Iknowaplacewherewecanhaveapicnic.

Iknowaplacewhich/thatisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystogether.Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.課堂訓(xùn)練

一、單項選擇

1、StephenHawkingbelievesthatearthisunlikelytobetheonly

developedgradually.

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose

2、I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool

Englishspeechcontestlastyear.

A.whoB.whereC.when

planetlifehas

Imetinthe

D.which

3、Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcentrewithhersister______shewould

stayforanhour.

AwhereBwhoCwhichDwhat

4、That’sthenewmachine______partsaretoosmalltobeseen.

A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.What

5、Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergywemayreturninthenearfuture.

A.onwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.fromwhich

6、——CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?

——Youshouldtrythebarber’sIgo.It’sonly15.

A.asB.whichC.whereD.that

7、Aftergraduatingfromcollege，Itooksometimeofftogotravelling，turnedoutto

be

awisedecision．

A．thatB．whichC．whenD．where

8、Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,_____isnamedafterhisgrandfather.

A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that

9、Thenewlybuiltcaf,theéwallsof_______arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplacefor

us,speciallyafterhardwork.

A.thatB.itC.whatD.which

10、Theoldtemple_______roofwasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair.

A.whereB.whichC.itsD.Whose

11、Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething________wassomeoneelse’sfault.

A.whoB.thatC.asD.what

13、Childrenwhoarenotactiveordietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.

A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that

14、Inchina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasing________developmentisrecognizeda