外語外貿(mào)考研真題888英語寫作與翻譯

外語外貿(mào)大學(xué)2004年入學(xué)考試英語語言文學(xué)及外國語言學(xué)與應(yīng)用語言寫作與翻譯試題PartOneWritingTask1:SummaryWriting(40%)Readcarefullythefollowingpassageandsummarizeitscontentsin150－200words.Notethatyoumustnotcopycompletesentencesdirectlyfromtheoriginal.Failuretodosowouldincurdeductionofyourscores.Plato-whomayhaveunderstoodbetterwhatformsthemindofmanthandosomeofourcontemporarieswhowanttheirchildrenexposedonlyto"real"peopleandeverydayevents-knewwhatinlectualexperiencesmakefortreehumanity.Hesuggestedthatthefuturecitizensofhisidealrepublicbegintheirliteraryeducationwiththelingofmyths,ratherthanwithmerefactsorso-calledrationalteachings.EvenAristotle,masterofpurereason,said,"Thefriendofwisdomisalsoafriendofmyth."Modemthinkerswhohavestudiedmythsandfairytalesfromaphilosophicalorpsychologicalviewpointarriveatthesameconclusion,regardlessoftheiroriginalpersuasion.MirceaEliade,forone,describesthesestoriesas"models~forhumanbehavior[that],,:bythatveryfact,give.meaningandvaluetolife."Drawingonanthropologicalparallels,heandotherssuggestthatmythsandfairytaleswerederivedfrom,orgivesymbolicexpressionto,initiationritesorritesofpassage-suchasmetaphoricdeathofanold,inadequateselfinordertoberebornonahigherplaneofexistence.Hefeelsthatthisiswhythesetalesmeetastronglyfeltneedandarecardersofsuchdeepmeaning.Otherinvestigatorswithadepth-psychologicalorientationemphasizethesimilaritiesbetweenthefantasticeventsinmythsandfairytalesandthoseinadultdreamsanddaydreams-thefulfillmentofwishes,thewinningoutoverallcompetitors,thedestructionofenemies-andconcludethatoneattractionofthisliteratureisitsexpressionofthatwhichisnormallypreventedfromcomingtoawareness.Thereare,ofcourse,verysignificantdifferencesbetweenfairytalesanddreams.Forexample,indreamsmoreoftenthannotthewishfulfillmentisdisguised,whileinfairytalesmuchofitisopenlyexpressed.Toaconsiderabledegree,dreamsaretheresultofinnerpressureswhichhavefoundnorelief,ofproblemswhichbeseta towhichheknowsnosolutionandtowhichthedreamfindsnone.Thefairytaledoestheopposite:itprojectsthereliefofallpressuresandnotonlyofferswaystosolveproblemsbutpromisesthata"happy"solutionwillbefound.Wecannotcontrolwhatgoesoninourdreams.Althoughourinnercensorshipinfluenceswhatwemaydream,suchcontroloccursonanunconsciouslevel.Thefairytale,ontheotherhand,isverymuchtheresultofcommonconsciousandunconsciouscontenthavingbeenshapedbytheconsciousmind,notofoneparticular ,buttheconsensusofmanyinregardtowhattheyviewasuniversalhumanproblems,andwhattheyacceptasdesirablesolutions.Ifalltheseelementswerenotpresentinafairytale,itwouldnotberetoldbygenerationaftergeneration.Onlyifafairytalemettheconsciousandunconsciousrequirementsofmanypeoplewasitrepeatedlyretold,listenedtowithgreatinterest.Nodreamofa couldarousesuchpersistentinterestunlessitwasworkedintoamyth,aswasthestoryofthepharaoh'sdreamasinterpretedbyJosephintheBible.GreatthinkerslikePlatoandAristotlesharedthesameideathatmythshouldenjoyasuperiorstatusineducation.Evenmodernthinkerstocertainextendagreewiththatideaastheyreachedaconclusionthatmythpartlyreflectedandsatisfiedtheinnerdesiresofhumanbeings.Thosefantasticeventsinmythsresemblelikelinesstoourdreamsordaydreams.Stilldifferencesexist.Suchasdreamreflectssocialpressurewefaced,butitoffersnosolution.Onthecontrary,mythgoestheoppositeway.Unlikedreams,Mythsarethesymbolicprojectionsofapeople’shope,values,fearsandaspirations.Andanymythisclassic.Task2:EssayWriting(60%)InrecentyearsChinahaswitnessedadrasticincreaseintheannualenrollmentofuniversitystudents.WhilesomehailitasanachievementofhistoricalsignificancethatmarksthebeginningofpopularizingChina'seducationofhigherlearning,othersdismissitasnothingbutaneducational"greatleapforward"thatwilldomoreharmthangoodtothequalityofcollegeeducationinChina.Writeanessayof500-600wordsunequivocallyexpressingyourstandonthisissue.Whateverpositionyoutake,,makesuretojustifyyourdecision.GiveatitletoyourInChinaasayinggoeslikethis:Ittakestenyearsforatreetogrowtoitsfullheight,butahundredforqualified neltomature.Fromthissentencewecaninferthehighstatusofeducationinourcountry.InrecentyearsChinahaswitnessedadrasticincreaseintheannualenrollmentofuniversitystudents.Theexistenceofthisphenomenonshouldbeduetothefollowingreasons.First,thenumberofcollegestudentsonlytakesasmallshareinthewholepopulation.Astimerequires,weneedmoreeducatedcitizenstotakepartintheconstructionofChina.Thecurrentcollegestudentsarefarfromenough.Second,comparedwithotherpowers,likeBritainandAmerica,Chinahasmuchlesscollegestudents.Thissituationdoesn’tfitChina’simageasabigpower.Asaresult,adrasticincreaseintheannualenrollmentofuniversitystudentsemergedasthetimerequires.Aroundtheissueofenrollmentincrease,people’sreactionsaredifferent.Theycanroughlybecategorizedintotwogroups:advocatorsandopponents.Somestressthesignificanceofthismove,whileothersemphasizetheirworryaboutthequalificationofcollegeeducation.Bothsideshavetheirreasons.Whileinmyopinion,theincreaseofenrollmentisinevitable,butwecan’tbehastyinngit.Firstofall,asImentionedabove,theincreaseofenrollmentistherequirementofChina’sdevelopment.Weneedmoreworkers,moreengineers,morebusinessmen,etc.Andtheincreasewouldofferwhatweneedinacomparativelyshorttime.Theadvantageofitcannotbeneglected.Ontheotherhand,somanystudentsrushedintouniversitywoulddirectlycausetheinadequacyofhardwareaswellassoftwareoftheuniversity.Forexample,inEnglishdepartment,aclassusedhavelessthantwentystudents.Butnowasmallclassroomisjammedwithmorethan40people.Andthismeansmorestudentshavetosharelimitedresources.Thequalityofeducationmightbelargelyinfluenced.Sofromthispoint,people’sworryisnotgroundless.Inaddition,tomodatesomanyfreshmen,universityhastoinvestmuchmoremoneyinreformingthecurrentdormsandbuildnewones.Universitywouldthenchargestudentsmoretuition.directlyaddsmoreburdenontheirThenhowtosolvethisproblem?I allythinkweshouldlimittheincreaseofenrollmenttominimizethenegativeeffects.Romeisnotbuiltinoneday.It’salongandhardprocesstodevelopeducation.Soweshouldfulfilltheaimstepbystep.Thuswecanbuildawin-winsituation.PartTwoTranslation1.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoCaughtbetweentwoeternities—thevanishedpastandtheunknownfuture—humanbeingsneverceasetoseektheirbearingsandsenseofdirection.Weinheritourlegacyofthesciencesandthearts—theworksofthegreatdiscoverersandcreators,theColumbusesandLeonardos—butweallremainseekers.Manistheaskinganimal…Westernculturehaswitnessedatleastthreegrandhistoricalepochsofseeking—eachwithadominantspirit,enduringspokesmenanddistinctiveproblems.Wehavegonefrom“Why?”tothe“How?”,fromthesearchforpurposetothesearchforcauses.Firstwastheheroicwayofprophetsandphilosophersseekinganswers—salvationortruth—fromtheGodaboveorthereasonwithineachofus.Thencameanageofcommunalseeking,pursuingcivilizationintheliberalspirit.Andmostrecentlytherewastheageofthesocialsciences,inwhichmanwasruledbytheforcesofhistory.Wecandrawonallthesewaysofseekinginour alsearchforpurpose,tofindmeaningintheseeking.和的問題。我們走出了“為什么”的框框，轉(zhuǎn)而探索事情的緣由。首先是先哲們向上帝或我們內(nèi)在的理性尋求答案—救贖還是真理，的時期。緊接著是共同里，人受到歷史力量的支配。我們可以利用這些探索尋求自我探索的目的和意義1．Translatethefollowingpassageinto500座教堂，是一個“國中之國”!我進(jìn)去看了，只記得門警是兵士，穿著黃色，別的沒有印象一地關(guān)于這些地方的描寫，由于時代和的不同，使我看到了那些地方的許多其他的側(cè)面，也擴(kuò)大了我的知識。我應(yīng)該說一地這本回憶童年和旅游的散子，不但ReviveanoldItalyismyfavoriteEuropeancountry.Rome,acitybuiltonsevenhills,boastsof500churches,bigandsmall,nearlyinallofwhichIhavesetfo