聽力常用句式

10/10華研外語:ＣolｌegeＥｎglishTest—Band6PaｒtIIILｉsｔenｉngCｏmpｒｅhensiｏnSectionAＤｉｒectｉoｎs:Iｎthissectｉｏn，yｏuwｉllhear８shｏｒｔcｏnversaｔionsaｎd2longｃｏnversａt(yī)iｏns.Aｔtｈeendofeacｈcｏnveｒsatiｏn,oｎeｏrmorequｅｓtioｎsｗilｌbｅａsｋedaboｕtwｈatｗassaiｄ。Ｂoｔhｔheconvｅrsａt(yī)ioｎａndｔｈeｑuｅｓｔionswiｌlbeｓpokenonlｙｏnce.Aftereachquestiontherewiｌｌbeapause.Dｕｒingｔheｐause，yｏuｍustｒeadtｈｅｆoｕrｃhoicesmａｒkedＡ）,Ｂ），C)andＤ）,aｎddｅｃideｗhiｃhistｈebｅｓtａnswer．ＴｈenmarkthecｏrｒespondiｎgleｔteronＡnsｗerSheet２ｗiｔhasinｇleｌiｎethroughｔhｅｃentre.Nｏｗｌeｔ＇ｓbｅginwｉththeｅｉghｔｓhortcｏnverｓatiｏns.１1.M:Inｅedｔoｆｉndａdentiｓｔ．YousａｉdyｏuｋnowＤr。Smitｈwelｌ．Ｄｏyourｅcoｍmenｄher?W：Wｅll，Iｈadtoseeｈerafeｗtiｍeｓ，bｕtwhaｔiｍｐressedｍemostｗereｔhemagazinｅsinherｗａitｉngroｏm.Q：Whatdoesthｅwｏmａnimply?12.W:I’mafｒaidIcan＇ｔshowyoutheａpａrtmｅntattheｍoment，becauｓeｔhｅｔeｎａｎtｉｓｓｔillliviｎgｉnit.Ｉt’ｓｒeａllyaloｖelｙplace,withaｂigｋitchenaｎdaｓｕｎｎywｉnｄow,ｆｏronlyｔwohｕndｒeddollarsaｍｏnth．Ｍ：Ｓｏunｄｓgood,butweｒealｌycan'trentanapａrtmｅntwithouｔｓeｅiｎgｉtfiｒst.Q:Whａt(yī)dowｅlearnfromｔhecｏnveｒｓaｔion？13.Ｍ:Ｓｏ,that’swｈat’sbeｅｎkeeｐingｙｏusｏbusyreceｎtｌｙ!W:Yes，I’ｖｅｂeentｉedｕpｗiｔｈmｙstudｉes．YouknowI'ｍｐｌanningｔoｇｏｔotheUnitｅdStatｅsthiscominｇsuｍｍer,butＩ＇mabitneｒvoｕsaboutmyＥnｇlish．Q:Whatｉｓtｈewoｍanｂusydｏinｇ？１4。W:Hoｗｄidyｏufeelｗhenｙoufoundoutｙouhadhighbloodpressure？M：Ｓhoｃｋed！Tｈeprobleｍｆｏｒmｅwａstｈａt(yī)thereweｒenosyｍｐtｏms.Itseeｍｅdtohaｖesｎeａkedupｏnme.Q：Whａt(yī)ｄｏｅstｈemａnmeａn？15.W:So,yoｕ'ｒｅjuｓtbａｃkfromatripｔoIndiａ。Ｗhatwereyouｄoｉngｔｈerｅ？M:Tｈetｒipwaｓintendedtobringtｏtｈeworld’saｔtentｉonthefactthatAＩDＳisnoｔjuｓtanAfriｃanｄisease.It'sａlsoeｎdanｇerｉｎgothercounｔrｉes，ｎotablｙ,InｄiaａndThaiｌand．Ｑ:Whaｔwasｔhepurposeｏftｈｅｍａｎ’ｓtriｐtｏIndia？16.M：It’squiteclearfroｍmyvｉsｉt:thｉsiｓafullsiｚe，ｃompreｈeｎsｉｖeunivｅrsitｙ。Ｓowｈyiｓitstillcａllｅdａcolｌegｅ？W：TｈeColｌegｅofiｓｔhesecondｏldｅstinstituｔionoｆhｉgherleａrｎｉnginthiscｏuｎtrｙ.ＷehaｖｅnurｔｕreｄgreatｍｉndslｉkｅThomａsＪeffeｒsonandweareprｏｕdｏfoｕrname.Ｑ:Ｗhａt(yī)dowelearｎｆｒomthiscｏnvｅrsationａboｕｔｔｈeColｌｅgeof17。M：Ｈavethepartsweneedforthephoｔocopｙinｇmachiｎｅａｒｒiｖedyet？W：Iｏrderｅdｔｈemｌastweek，butsomethiｎgishｏldingthemｕp。Q:Whatdoｅsｔheｗomanｓａyabouttheｐａｒtsｎeｅdedfortｈephotocopｙiｎgｍachine？18.W:Tｈｅcａfetｅｒiapｒovidedmaｎykinｄsofdｉｓhesfoｒuｓtoｄaｙ．Ｄiｄｙounoticｅｔhat？M:Yeｓ，kindｏfraｒｅ,isn＇tit？Ｑ:Ｗｈａt(yī)dｏestｈemanｉmｐlｙ？Nowyｏｕ’llheartｈetwolonｇconveｒsatiｏnｓ．CｏnversatｉｏnＯｎeＷ:Heｌlo,Ｐatrick，isthatｙou？M:YｅahJａne，whatcaｎI(lǐng)ｄoforｙou?W:Ｉｗascａｌlingａbouttｈeaｐpletreethatyoｕweretrｉmmingyeｓｔerdaｙ。M：Tｈatｗashardwoｒk!W:I’mｓureitwas.Itsuｒｅｌoｏｋeddiffiｃulｔ。M：Yeaｈ，I’mglａｄit'sfinishｅd。Hａｕlingthｅbranchestothefrontforgaｒbａｇeｐiｃｋｕpwａsnofunｅitｈer.Ｗ：Weｌl，Ｉdon＇ｔtｈｉnｋyｏu’reqｕｉtefinishedyｅt.Ｓomｅofthelaｒgeｒｂｒａnchｅsｆｅllovｅrintoｍyyaｒd,andIthｉnｋyoushｏuldｃomeandgetｔｈem。Ｍ:LisｔｅｎJanｅ，Idoｎ’tseeｗhyIshoｕlddｏthat。Yｏueａt(yī)aｌltheａpplesｔhatfallinｙouryarｄanｄyoｕ'veneｖercoｍｐlａinedabouttｈatbeｆｏre．W：Ｗell，iｔ＇seasiertopickupappｌesthanｄragｔｒeebｒａncｈｅsａllthewayｔotheｃurb。Mykｉｄｓpｉcｋupthｅaｐpｌes，andｔｈebrａnｃheｓarejustｔooｂigｆoｒｔｈeｍｔodraｇ.M：Ｗell，Iguessｙou’lljｕsthaveｔodoityourself，Ｊａｎe。W：Patrｉck,Iｗiｓhyouwouldreconｓider.Wｅ’vealｗayｓgotteｎａlｏｎgfａirlｙweｌl，buｔItｈinkyou＇reoutoflｉnehere．Ｔheｂraｎcｈeｓarｅyourreｓponsibilｉty。M:Soｒｒy,Ｊane，Ｉdisagreｅ！Youtakethebenｅfｉtsoftheappｌetrｅe，ｂｕtreｆuｓeｔodealwｉththebａdsidｅofiｔ!Besiｄes，ｉｔwon'ttakeyoｕanｙtiｍｅtｏgettｈebraｎｃhｅsoｕtfroｎt?。?Gettｈeｂｒaｎchesoｆfmypropｅrty，ｏrＩ'llｈavetｏsueyou。Ｍ:Ｙeａh?Forｗhat？?。賝u’retaｋinｇtｈｏselawｃlａssｅstooｓeriouslｙ！Iｇottａｇo。Ihaｖｅｔｏpickuｐmysoｎ.W:Yｏｕ’ｌlbｅｈearingfrommｅ.Ｍ:Yeah，yeah。Seeyｏuincoｕｒt，Jａｎe.Queｓｔiｏns１9to２2ａreｂasedｏｎthecｏnversatｉonyouhaveｊｕstｈeaｒd。１9.Ｗhatｄidtheｍａndoｙesteｒday?2０.Whatdｉdtｈｅｗoｍanasｋtｈeｍantodo?2１．Whaｔdidthｅwｏmaｎthreatenｔｏｄo？２２.Wｈaｔwａstheman＇sｒeａｃtｉontotｈｅwｏman'sｔｈreａｔ？ConveｒsatioｎTwoM：DidyoｕhｅａｒaboｕｔthｅaiｒcrａshtｈatｏccurｒeｄinSoｕｔｈAmericarecｅntｌｙ?Itwasｑuiteatｒａｇｉcａccident?。祝篘o,Ｉｄidn'ｔseeaｎyｔhｉnｇｉnthenｅwsaboｕｔit。Ｗhａt(yī)hａppeｎｅｄ？M：ＡｆｏｒeiｇnａiｒｌinerwａsattemptingｔolandatｎighｔiｎamouｎtaｉnｏusareaofArｇentinａandflewinｔoahiｌl!W：Tｈatsoｕｎdsreallyteｒriblｅ！Didanyonesurｖivｅ?M:Ｎo，evｅryonｅaｂoａrd，ｉｎcludｉngｔhecreｗ，waｓｋｉｌledｉnstaｎｔly。W：Whａｔｗeｒethecircumstances？Wasthereｂadｗeather，aｆｉｒe,orａnengiｎeｆailurｅ？Ｍ：Ａppaｒenｔly，theｒewerｅsomelowcｌoudsｉntｈeａrea，buｔmｏstlyitｗasjｕstmｉsｃommｕniｃatiｏnbｅtweｅnthepilotsaｎdtheaｉｒtraｆfiｃｃｏｎtrｏｌlers。W:Weｒeｎ’tthｅybothspｅaｋｉnｇiｎEnglish,tｈeofｆiｃialinternationalaviａt(yī)iｏｎlangｕaｇe？M：Yes，ｔheyｗeｒe,bｕｔthetraｎsｍiｓsiｏnfｒomｐoorqｕalityradｉoｓwａssliｇhｔlyｄiｓtortｅｄaｎdtheaｃcｅntsoｆtheＳｐaｎisｈspeａkingcｏｎtｒollｅrsｗereｓｏｓtrongｔｈatthepｉloｔｓｍｉsundｅrstｏodavｉtａlｉｎstｒｕctｉｏn．W：Ｈｏｗcｏuldａmiｓｕｎdersｔａndinglikethatcausesucｈaseriouｓａccident？Ｍ:Theｐilｏtswereｔｏｌd”Ｄescendtotwotｗoｔhoｕsandfeet"．Ｔｈｅinｓｔｒuctｉonactｕalｌymｅanｔ2２，000feeｔ，buttｈeythｏughttheyｈeａrｄdｅscｅnｄto2，000feｅｔ.Thａt(yī)’sahｕｇeｄｉｆfeｒence，aｎdｓｈoｕldhavebeeｎｃoｎfiｒmed,ｂｕtｉtwaｓｎot．Unfortunａt(yī)eｌｙ，ｔheterrainｏfｔhemｏuｎtainsinthａt(yī)regionexteｎdｓupto20，００0ｆｅｅt。W：Sotｈｅpｉｌｏｔsｄｉddescenｄtothewrongaltｉtudethｅｎ,tｈiｎkiｎgthattheywerefollowingtｈeａiｒｃontrollers＇iｎstruction．M：Ｓadlｙenoｕgh，yes，ｔｈeydｉd．Ｉｔwasavｅrybadmｉｓtake．Mａnｙｐeoplediedasａresultｏfｔhesimｐleｍisuｎderｓtａnding。W：Wｏw，thaｔ＇ｓapoｗeｒfullessｏnonhｏwｉｍｐoｒｔaｎｔｉtcanbetoaccuratelｙcommunicaｔewiｔhｅachｏther。Queｓｔｉｏns23tｏ25areｂaｓｅdonthｅcoｎｖｅrsatiｏnyoｕhａvejuｓtheard．23．Ｗhatｗasthecauｓｅｏftheｔragedy?2４．Hｏwhigharetheｍoｕｎtａinsinｔhｅregion？2５。Whａt(yī)lｅｓsoncoulｄbedrawnｆrｏｍtheaccident？SecｔionBDirectionｓ：Iｎthisｓection，youwilｌｈear３shortpassages.Ａｔｔｈeｅndofeａchpａssage，ｙoｕwiｌｌｈｅａrsomｅquｅstions．Bｏtｈｔhｅpasｓageandtheｑuｅstｉoｎｓwiｌｌbｅspｏｋenｏnｌｙonce．Aftｅryｏuheａraquestion，yoｕmuｓtcｈoosethebestaｎｓweｒfromthｅｆoｕｒchoicesmarkedＡ),Ｂ），C）ａndD).ThｅnmarｋtｈecｏｒｒespｏndｉnglｅtｔｅronＡnsweｒSheet2witｈａsinglelｉnｅｔhroughｔheceｎtre。ＰaｓsageonｅEｄgarPoe,ａnＡｍeｒicａnwrｉter,wasbornｉｎ180９.Ｈisｐaｒentsweｒeaｃtors.Eｄgａｒｗasaｂabywhenhisｆａt(yī)herleftｔhefaｍily.Hｅwaｓｔｗoyｅａｒsoldｗｈｅnhｉsｍｏｔherｄied.HewastakenｉntothehomeofaｗｅalthybusｉｎessmanｎaｍedＪoｈｎＡｌleｎ.Hｅthenrｅceiveｄhisneｗnａme,EdgaｒAllｅnＰoe.Aｓaｙoｕngmaｎ，PoeaｔtｅnｄedthｅＵｎｉｖersｉtyofHｅｗasａgoｏdｓtudent,ｂuｔhｅlｉｋeｄtoｄｒinkalcohｏlandpｌaycardｇamesformoneｙ。Ａsanuｎskilledgamｅplａｙｅr，ｈｅoftenlostｍoney．Sincehecｏuｌｄn’ｔpayｈisｇａmblinｇlosｓｅs,heleｆttｈｅuｎivｅrsｉtyandbegaｎworkｉnｇfoｒmagaｚineｓ.Ｈeｗorkｅdｈaｒd，yｅthｅwaｓnoｔwｅlｌｐaiｄ，oｒｗelｌ-knｏwn.Aｔtheagｅoｆ27,heｇotmａｒried．FｏratiｍｅｉtseemｅdthatPoewoｕｌdfindhappinｅsｓ,buthｉswiｆｅwａｓsickｆoｒmoｓｔｏftheirmaｒriａge,ａnddieｄin1８47.Throughallhiscrisｅs，Ｐｏｅｐｒoｄuｃedｍａｎyｓｔｏriｅsaｎdpoemｓwhichaｐpeareｄiｎdiｆfｅrenｔpｕｂｌiｃatｉｏｎｓ,yethedｉdn'tbecomefａmｏｕsuntil1845wheｎｈispoem，TheRａven,waｓpublishｅｄ。Therｅｉｓaqｕｅstiｏn，ｈowevｅｒ,aｂｏutＰoe'simportaｎcｅiｎA(yù)mericａnLiteｒａt(yī)ｕrｅ.ＳoｍｅcriticssａytｈatＰoewａsoｎeoｆＡｍerｉｃa’sbestwriterｓ，aｎdevｅｎhadgｒeａｔinfｌuｅnｃeonmａnyFreｎchwriters，bｕtｏthｅrsdisagree。TheysaｙPｏe＇sｗorkiｓdiffiｃulttounｄerｓtａndａndmostofhisｗriｔingｄｅｓcriｂｅsveｒyuｎplｅａsantsituａt(yī)ionsａndｅｖｅntｓ。ＥdｇarAllｅnPoediedin1849ｗhenheｗas40yearsolｄ.Iｔissａidtｈａｔｈewａsfounｄｄeaｄafｔerｄaysoｆhｅavyｄrinｋiｎg。Ｑuｅstionｓ26tｏ29arｅbasedｏnｔhｅpassagｅyoｕｈａｖejusthｅarｄ。26.ＷhaｔｈappｅｎeｄｔoEdgａrＡｌｌenPoe'sfamiｌy，whenhewasonlytｗoｙeａrsｏld？2７。WｈydｉdＥdgaｒAlｌｅｎPoelｅaｖｅｔheUnｉversitｙof28.WｈaｔdoｓomecｒitｉｃssayaｂoutEdgarAllenPoｅ？2９.ＨowｄidEdgarＡlｌeｎPｏe'ｓliｆecomeｔoanend？PaｓsagｅＴwoＭorethａnfiftyｙeａｒsago,thｅUｎｉtｅdNationｓｄeｃlaredthatliteｒaｃyｉsaｂasicｈｕmanrigｈt.Iｔ＇sveryimｐoｒｔａnｔforiｍpｒovingthｅlivｅsｏfindiｖｉｄｕals。Ｈｏweｖer,ｉtｉｓestimaｔedthａt(yī)８18millionadｕｌtsaroundthewｏrldaｒｅilliteｒａt(yī)ｅ，thaｔis,ｔheyａreunableｔｏrｅadｏｒwrｉte.Ａmaｊoｒitｙｏfthemarewomen．Morｅthan11０ｍｉｌｌiｏnscｈｏｏlａgechiｌdｒeninthｅworlｄdonotaｔｔｅnｄschool.Manｙｏtheｒｓcomｐleteschｏoloｒfailｔｏfｉnｉshtheirｓtudｉesｗiｔhｏutleａrningtoreadoｒwritｅ。Maｎycｏunｔrｉesdependonthｅeｆfｏｒtsoｆpeopleｗhooffertheirtｉｍetoheｌpilliｔerateindiviｄuals。Fｏrexample，JohｎMoggerbecameconceｒnｅdａｂｏutｔheproblemoｆｉlｌiｔeｒacｙtｈｒeeyｅarsago,ｓohesｔaｒtedteachiｎgfiveｐrｉsｏnersinBraｚiｌ。Inhistｅａchｉng，hedeｖeloｐedasyｓtemwiththisgrouｐofｐｒiｓoners．Hesａyshisｗａyｏｆteaｃｈingｃaｎheｌpａnｙonelｅarｎhoｗｔoreaｄaｎdwrｉtewiｔhaboutthiｒtyhｏursofstudｙ．Ｔｏｌearnhｉssysｔｅm,pｅoplemustｆｉrsｔknｏwhｏｗtoｗｒitelｅｔｔｅrsｏｆｔｈealpｈａbeｔandleａrnwhicｈsｏundｓtheｙｒｅpreｓeｎｔ。Thｅsysｔeｍdｉvideｓｌetteｒｓinｔoｔｈreegroｕps。Thefirsｔgroupｏfletｔersｃanbｅｗrittenbｅtweｅntｗolｉnes.Tｈesｅcoｎｄcａnbewrｉttenbetweentwｏlinesbｕtpａrtofthｅletｔｅrｉsａbovethetopline.Thethirdｇｒouphasｌettersthataｒepartlywritｔenbelowｔｈeloｗerlｉne。JohnＭｏggertａｕghtｈisstudentstowritesｉmｐlｅwoｒｄsfｒｏmthｅlettｅrs.Inｔhisway，hisstuｄeｎtsｌearｎedmoｒｅthａｎｓｅｖeｎhｕndreｄwｏrds.Mａnｙｏfｔhemcannoｗwｒitetofamilymeｍberｓ。Thｅyalsocaｎrｅadnewｓpapersandｍａｇazines.Ｑｕesｔiｏｎs３0to3２arｅbasedoｎｔhｅｐａssａｇeyｏuｈａvejuｓtheａrd.30．Ａcｃoｒdｉngtothespeａkeｒ,whｉchgroupofpeopｌemaｋｅuｐthｅｍajoｒitｙofｔｈeillｉteratｅｐoｐulaｔiｏn?31．WhaｔisthemosｔimｐortantfeaturｅofＪohnMogger'smethodofteachingtｈeａｌphaｂｅt？3２.ＷhaｔdoeｓＪohnMｏｇgｅｒsaｙａbouthistｅacｈｉｎｇｍethoｄ？PaｓsagｅThｒeeＦａrｍｅｒｓusualｌyuseｐｌoｕｇhsｔoｐrepａretｈeirfiｅｌｄsfoｒpｌantｉngcrops.Ploughscutintothegrｏund，andlｉfｔupweｅds,andotheｒｕnwanｔedｐｌantｓ．Hoｗevｅr，pｌｏughｉnｇisｂlａmedfｏrcａuｓingseveredaｍａgetotｏpsoｉlbｙｒemｏviｎｇtｈepｌantsｔhatprotecｔｔhesｏilfrombeiｎgblownoｒwaｓhedawaｙ.MａnyｆarｍｅrsiｎＳouｔｈAsｉaａrenｏwtryingaprocｅsscalｌedLowTilｌFarmiｎg．LowTilｌFaｒmｉnｇlimitstheuｓeoｆploughｓ.Inthiｓmeｔhodoｆｆａrmiｎg,ｓeedsandfeｒtiｌｉzeｒaｒeputintｏthesｏilthrｏughsmallcｕtｓｍadeintｈesurfaceoftｈegrounｄ。LowTｉllAgｒiculturelｅavesmuchorａlｌofｔｈesoilandreｍａinsofplａnｔsontｈeｇrouｎｄ．Ｔhｅyserveaｓanａt(yī)uralfｅｒｔiｌiｚeｒandｈelpsｕpporttherｏoｔsoffuｔurecropｓ.Ｔheytakeiｎｒainａndaｌloｗｉtｔoｆｌowiｎtoｔhesoilinsteadofｒuｎnｉngｏｆf.Ithａsbeenpｒｏvedthａt(yī)LｏwTillFarmingｉｎcreａsｅｓｈarｖｅstsａndｒeducesｗaｔｅｒｕｓe,andｔｈismethodｒedｕcesthｅneedfｏrcheｍicalｐroｄｕctsbｅｃauｓeｔheｒearｅfewerｕnwanteｄplants。SciｅntｉstｓsayＬoｗTｉｌｌFaｒmiｎgisbecomingpｏpuｌarinＳouｔhAsia，whｉchisfaｃiｎgasevｅrewaｔｅrshortａge.Ｔhｅysaythｅareawillｂｅcomedependeｎｔonimporteｄfoｏdｕnlｅsswａt(yī)erissａvedtｈroughmethodslikeＬowＴｉｌｌFarming.Ｃurrenｔｌy,moretｈan115milｌionpeｏplｅinSouｔｈAsiaｄepｅndonlｏcalｒｉｃｅandwhｅaｔcrops。Farmeｒsgrowriｃｅduｒingwetweatｈｅｒ。Durinｇthｅｄrysｅａｓontheygrowwheatinｔｈeｓameｆｉelds。FarｍersａｒeｕsinｇtｈeLowTｉllmethodtopｌantwheatafterhaｒveｓtiｎgｒiｃe。ScientｉstsｓaｙLowTillAgricuｌｔureｉsoneoｆｔhebｅstexamplesintｈeworldｏｆteｃhｎologiesｗoｒｋinｇｆoｒbｏthpeople,ａndtheenvｉronmenｔ．Questionｓ33to35areｂasedonthｅpassageyoｕhavejｕsthｅard。33．Wｈaｔiｓthｅｍａinprｏｂlemcausｅdｂythｅusualwａyofｐｌoughinｇ?３4.WhaｔdoestｈesｐeakersaｙaboutLowTillFaｒｍｉng？３5。WhｅｒeisLoｗＴｉlｌＦaｒｍingbecomingpopular？ＳｅｃｔiｏnCDｉreｃｔioｎs：Inｔhissｅction，yoｕｗillheａrapaｓsaｇetｈreetimｅs.Whｅｎtｈepassageisｒeaｄｆｏrtｈefirsｔtimｅ，yｏuｓhouldlistｅｎｃａrefullｙfｏritsgeｎeralｉｄea。Whentheｐａssageｉsｒeａdｆｏrtｈｅsecoｎdtime,yoｕaｒｅrequiｒeｄｔofｉllinthｅbｌaｎｋsｎumberedｆroｍ36tｏ43witｈtｈeexactwordsyouｈａｖejusｔｈｅard.Fｏrblａnkｓnuｍbereｄfroｍ44ｔo46yoｕarｅrｅｑuｉredｔoｆiｌliｎthｅmiｓsｉｎgiｎｆormａｔiｏn.Ｆoｒthesebｌaｎks，youｃanｅitherｕsｅtheｅｘacｔwordsｙoｕｈａvejustheardorｗriteｄoｗnｔhemaｉnpoinｔsｉnyouｒownwordｓ.Finally，whentｈeｐassaｇeｉｓreadfoｒthｅtｈirdtimｅ,yｏushouldchｅckｗhatyｏuhａvewｒitteｎ.Nｏwlｉstｅntothepassage。Adulｔsarｅgeｔtingsmａｒtｅrａbｏuthｏwsmaｒtbaｂiesarｅ.Notlｏngago,reｓｅarchｅrｓlearnｅdｔhaｔ４-dａy—oldｓcoｕｌdundｅｒｓtandaddiｔionaｎdsubｔraｃｔion．Now，BｒiｔishresearcｈpsｙchoｌogｉsｔGｒaｈamSchaferhaｓdisｃｏvｅredthatinfantscａnleaｒnworｄｓforunｃommontｈiｎｇｓlongbｅforetheycａｎｓpeａk。Hefoundthat9-mｏnth－ｏldinfａntsｃoｕlｄbetａuｇht,tｈroughrｅｐeａt(yī)edsｈow-ａｎd-ｔeｌl，toｒeｃogｎiｚeｔｈenａmesofｏbjectsthａt(yī)ｗerefｏreigntｏtｈｅm，ａｒesulttｈatcｈａllenｇｅsinsoｍｅwaysｔheｒeｃeivedwisｄoｍｔｈaｔ，apartｆｒｏmlearniｎgtoidentifythｉngｓcｏｍmoｎｔｏｔheiｒｄａiｌyliｖes，childｒeｎdｏn’tbｅginｔobuildvoｃabularｙｕntilwellintoｔｈeiｒsecoｎdｙear.＂It＇sｎosecretthａt(yī)ｃｈｉlｄｒｅｎleaｒnｗorｄs，buｔｔheｗordsthｅyｔenｄtoknowareworｄslinkedｔospｅcificsitｕａt(yī)ioｎsinthehome,”ｅxｐｌａｉnsＳchafeｒ．”Ｔｈｉsisthefirstdemｏnstraｔｉｏnthaｔwｅcａnchoosewhatｗｏｒdｓthｅchilｄrenwｉｌｌｌeａrnandthattheｙcanrｅspondtoｔｈｅｍwithanunfamｉｌiarｖoicｅｇiviｎｇinｓtrucｔionｓinanunfamiliａrsｅｔtiｎg。＂Ｆigｕringoutｈowhumansａcquｉrｅlanguagemａyshedligｈtｏｎwhｙsomecｈiｌdｒenleａrntorｅadandｗritelaterthanｏthｅrs，Schafersaｙs,anｄｃouldleaｄtobettｅｒtreａt(yī)mentｓforｄeveloｐmeｎtａｌpｒoblems．Whａt(yī)＇ｓmorｅ,thｅstudyoflanguagｅacｑuiｓitｉonoffersdireｃｔinｓｉghtiｎtohowhumanslｅarn?！保蘟nｇｕagｅisatesｔcaｓeｆoｒｈumanｃognitivｅdevelopment,”sａyｓSｃｈａfｅr.Ｂｕtpａreｎtseaｇertoteacｈtｈeirｉnfanｔsshouldtaｋｅnｏte:Ｅvenｗithｏutbeingtａｕgｈｔneｗwｏrdｓ,acontrｏｌgroupcａughｔuｐwithｔhｅoｔhｅrｉnｆantswｉthinａｆeｗｍonthｓ.”Tｈisisｎotaｂoｕtadvanｃinｇdevｅlｏpｍent,”hesayｓ.”It’sｊustaboutｗｈatchildrencaｎｄｏaｔａnearｌieｒageｔhanwｈaｔeducatｏrshaveｏfｔenthought."Nｏwthepassagewillberｅadaｇａin.Ａdulｔｓaregetｔｉｎgsmａrteｒaｂouｔhowsmａrtｂabiesare。Notlongaｇo，reｓｅａrcｈersｌｅarnedthaｔ４－day－oldscouldundersｔａndadditionandsubtｒaｃtion。Nｏw，BｒｉｔishｒeseaｒcｈｐsyｃholｏgistGraｈａｍＳcｈaｆerhａｓdｉscoveｒeｄtｈatinｆantｓcanｌearnwoｒdsfoｒuｎｃommoｎthｉｎgsｌonｇbeforｅｔhｅyｃａｎspｅak。Ｈefounｄthaｔ９—mｏnth-oｌdinfａntscouｌdｂetaｕght,througｈｒeｐeaｔｅdsｈow－and－tｅll，torｅcogｎiｚｅthenaｍｅｓｏfｏbjectstｈａt(yī)werｅforeigｎtotｈｅm，arｅsｕltthatchalleｎgｅsinsomｅwaystｈerecｅivedwｉsdomthat,ａpａrｔｆromleａrningtoｉdentiｆｙｔhｉngscommoｎtotheirdailylｉvｅs，childrendon’ｔbegｉntobuｉldvｏcａｂularyuｎｔilwelｌintotｈeirｓecoｎdyear。"Iｔ’sｎosｅcrｅtｔｈatｃｈilｄｒeｎlearnwｏrds，butｔhewordstheytｅnｄtoknｏwarewordsｌinkｅdtosｐecｉｆicｓituatｉonsｉnthehome，＂ｅｘplaｉnsSｃhａfer.”Ｔｈｉｓistｈefirsｔdemonstrationｔhatwecａnｃhoｏseｗhaｔｗoｒdsthechildｒｅnwillｌearnaｎdtｈattheyｃａｎｒespondtothemwithaｎuｎfaｍiliarvｏicegiｖinginsｔructｉonｓiｎａnunfamｉliarsettiｎg?！保疲椋纾鮮ingoutｈｏwhumaｎsacｑuｉreｌaｎgｕageｍayshedliｇhtonｗhysomechiｌdｒｅnlearｎtoreａdａnｄwｒitelaｔertｈａｎｏtheｒs，Schafersays,andｃoｕldleaｄｔoｂetteｒtreatmeｎtsｆoｒdｅvelｏpmentａlproblems．Wｈａt(yī)'smoｒe,thｅstudyofｌaｎgｕaｇeacquｉsiｔionoffｅrsｄirecｔinsigｈtｉntohowhumanslｅarn．"Lanｇuaｇeisatestcａseｆoｒhuｍancoｇnitiｖeｄｅvelopｍent,＂sayｓＳｃhａfer.Ｂｕtparｅｎtｓeagｅrｔｏｔeachtｈeiｒinfantｓｓhｏuldtakenoｔｅ:Eｖeｎｗｉthoutｂeiｎｇtａughtneｗworｄs，acｏｎtｒｏｌｇroｕｐcaughtupwｉththｅothｅｒinfantsｗｉthiｎａfewｍonthｓ．”Tｈisisnotaboutadvａnciｎｇdｅvelｏpｍent，”hesａys.”Ｉｔ＇sjustａboutwhａt(yī)childrenｃandoaｔaｎearｌｉｅｒagｅthanｗhａｔedｕcaｔorshavｅｏf