測控技術(shù)與儀器專業(yè)英語單詞句子整理

acquisitionofinformation 信息采集objectofmeasurement 測量目標3.measurand 被測物理量，被測對象4.measurementresult 測量結(jié)果qualitativemeasurement 質(zhì)量測量quantitativemeasurement 數(shù)量測量measurementprocess 測量過程theorem 定理，法則hypothesis 假說，假設(shè)，學(xué)說single-value 單值monotonicfunction 單調(diào)函數(shù)measurementconstitute 測量組成physicalquantity 物理量electricalpotentialdifference 電勢差electricalcurrent 電流electricalresistance 電阻capacitance 電容inductance 感應(yīng)系數(shù)frequency 頻率mutualinduction 互感thermostat 自動調(diào)溫器parasiticquantity 寄生量，附加量randomerrors 隨機誤差systematicerrors 系統(tǒng)誤差OSP oscilloscope 示波器rms root-mean-square 均方根quantitativedata 定量數(shù)據(jù)qualitativedata 定性數(shù)據(jù)empiricaldata 閱歷數(shù)據(jù)processeddata 已處理過的數(shù)據(jù)theoreticalcalculations 理論計算theoreticalmodel 理論模型dataprocessing 數(shù)據(jù)處理datareduction 數(shù)據(jù)簡化measurementstrategy 測量策略frequencyspectrum 頻譜coherentsampling 相干采樣38.amplitudedistributionfunction 振幅分布函數(shù)39.multiplex 多路操作inaccuratecalibration 不準確的刻度mismatchedimpedance 不匹配的阻抗response-timeerror 反響時間誤差43.histogram 直方圖，柱狀圖，矩形圖44.observationaldata 觀測數(shù)據(jù)descriptivestatistic 描述性統(tǒng)計statisticalinference 統(tǒng)計性推論distributionofvalue 數(shù)據(jù)分布samplemean 樣本均值performancecheck 性能檢查tolerancelimit 公差極限lowerrangelimit 范圍下限upperrangelimit 范圍上限deadband 死區(qū)egralmode86.derivativemode87.manualcontrol88.externalsignal

被測變量正弦信號漂移量回復(fù)時間飽和效應(yīng)零點漂移敏感性漂移靜態(tài)特征滯后現(xiàn)象表格形式圖解形式掌握器傳感器閉環(huán)開環(huán)反響調(diào)整器系統(tǒng)隨動系統(tǒng)執(zhí)行器數(shù)值掌握批量掌握連續(xù)掌握時間挨次掌握大事挨次掌握方框圖相位差相位角直流頻率響應(yīng)掌握模型比例模型積分模型微分模型手動掌握外部信號on-offcontrol 開關(guān)掌握bumplesstransfer 無擾動切換patternrecognition 模式識別taggingofinstrument 儀器標志93.generalinstrumentsymbol 通用儀器標志94.controlvalve 掌握閥leveltransmitter 液位變送器maintenancetracking 跟蹤維護materialhandling 原料處理98puter-assistedsimulation 計算機關(guān)心仿真99.hierarchicalstructure 遞階構(gòu)造，層次結(jié)果100.myriadclone 大量復(fù)制relay 繼電器Booleanprogrammingmethod 布爾編程方法103.LCD liquidcrystaldisplay 液晶104.internalregister 內(nèi)部存放器arithmeticunit 算術(shù)單元logicunit 規(guī)律單元operationmanual 操作指南systemintegrator 系統(tǒng)集成器industrialrelay 工業(yè)繼電器systemexpansion 系統(tǒng)擴展usermanual 用戶手冊computeranalysis 計算機分析powerassist 關(guān)心動力mastercontrol 主掌握processprogress 進程compatibility 兼容性communicationstandard 通信標準118.ISO internationalstandardsorganization國際標準化組織119.OSI opensystemsinterconnection 開放式系統(tǒng)互聯(lián)120municationnetworkarchitecture 通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)層121municationsophistication 通信混合系統(tǒng)122.allowablebandwidth 允許的帶寬123.fieldbus 現(xiàn)場總線124.interoperability 互用性，協(xié)同工作的力量125.distributedreal-timesystem 分布式實時系統(tǒng)126.pyramidalmodel 金字塔模型127.operationalarchitecture 操作體系構(gòu)造128.horizontaltraffic 水平通信verticaltraffic 垂直通信robustness 魯棒性QoS qualityofservice 效勞質(zhì)量ATC airtrafficcontrol 空中交通管制barometric 大氣壓力altermetry 測高學(xué)troposphere 對流層galaxy 銀河系luminousflux 光通量pupil 瞳孔retina 視網(wǎng)膜acceleration 加速度velocity 速度temperature 溫度gravitational 重力的impedance 阻抗，全阻抗hybrid 混合物strain 過度疲乏，緊急，張力，應(yīng)變147.thermometer 溫度計，體溫計148.calibrate 校準bandwidth 帶寬mapping 映射，繪制??地圖，打算lubricatingoil 潤滑油heuristic 啟發(fā)式的parameter 參數(shù)，參量spectrum 光，光譜ibration 振動collision 碰撞，沖突phase 相位encoding 譯碼器，編碼器decoding 解碼器multiplexing 多路技術(shù)protocol 協(xié)議，草案truckline 主干duplex 雙工router 路由器gateway 網(wǎng)關(guān)interact 相互作用，相互影響stack 棧，堆棧CIM computerintegratedmanufacturing 計算機集成制造PC personalcomputer 個人電腦PLC programmablelogiccontroller 可編程規(guī)律掌握器I/O input/output 輸入/輸出CNC computernumericalcontrol 計算機數(shù)字掌握系統(tǒng)CRT cathoderaytube 陰極射線管CPU controlprocessingunit 中心處理器DC directcurrent 直流AC alternatingcurrent 溝通ASCIIAmericanstandardcodeforinformationinterchange美國信息交換標準碼IECinternationalelectrotechnicalcommission國際電工委員會179.MAPmanufacturingautomationprotocol 制造自動化協(xié)議180.SDSsmartdistributedsystem分布式智能系統(tǒng)signaltransducer 信號變送器temperaturetransducer 溫度變送器flowtransmitter 流量變送器pressuretransmitter 壓力變送器Inthefollowing,wewilldefinemeasurementastheacquisitionofinformationintheformofmeasurementresult,concerningcharacteristics,statesorphenomena(themeasurand)oftheworldthatsurroundsus,observedwiththeaidofmeasurementsystems(instruments).在下文中，我們將測量定義為以測量結(jié)果表現(xiàn)形式的信息采集，包括四周世界的性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)、現(xiàn)象〔被測量〕通過測量系統(tǒng)觀看獲得。Measurementtheorytreatsmeasurementsasamappingofelementsofasourcesetbelongingtotheempiricaldomainspace(seeFig.1.1)ontotheelementsofanimage(oroutcome)setwhichispartoftheabstractrange(orimage)space.測量理論把測量理解為屬于閱歷域空間的源集的元素到作為一個抽象范圍〔或稱影像〕空間的一局部的影像集元素的映射。Erroris the differencebetweenthetrueorbestacceptedvalueofsome quantityand themeasuredvalue.誤差是真實量或者最抱負量與測量值的差。Precisionisameasureoftherepeatabilityofaseriesofdatapointstakeninthemeasurementofsomequantity.精度是指在一些量的測量中實行對一些數(shù)據(jù)點的重復(fù)測量。Recallthatresolutionwasdefinedintheprevioussectionastheminimumdiscerniblechangeinthemeasurandthatcanbedetected.區(qū)分率在前面局部被定義為在測量中檢測到的最小可區(qū)分的變化。Thesecouldbecausedbyinaccuratecalibration,mismatchedimpedances,response-timeerror,nonlinearities,equipmentmalfunction,environmentalchange,andloadingeffects.系統(tǒng)誤差是由于不準確的校準，不匹配的阻抗，反響時間誤差，非線性，設(shè)備故障，環(huán)境轉(zhuǎn)變和載荷效應(yīng)所引起的。Thebestwaytodetectthepresenceofasystematicerroristorepeatthemeasurementwithacompletelydifferenttechniqueusingdifferentinstruments.檢測系統(tǒng)誤差的最好方法是用不同的儀器和完全不同的方法重復(fù)測量。Randomerrors(alsocalledaccidentalerrors)tendtovaryinbothdirectionsfromthetruevaluebychance.隨機誤差〔也稱偶然誤差〕往往是在真值的各幅度范圍內(nèi)隨機變化獲得。Theseerrorsareunpredictableandoccurbecauseofanumberoffactorsthatdeterminetheoutcomeofameasurement.這些誤差的發(fā)生是不行預(yù)知的，偶然的，由于由很多因素打算了一個測量的結(jié)果。Randomerrorsaregenerallysmallandmaybecausedbyelectricalnoise、interference、vibrationgainvariationofamplifiers,leakagecurrents,drift,observationalerror,orotherenvironmentalfactors.隨機誤差一般較小并且可能是由電噪聲、干擾、放大性增益變化、泄漏電流、漂移、觀測誤差或者其他環(huán)境因素造成。 Thebestwaytoreducerandomerrorsistomakerepeatedmeasurementsandusestatistical techniquestodeterminetheuncertaintyofthefinalresult.削減隨機誤差最好的方法就是重復(fù)測量和使用統(tǒng)計學(xué)技術(shù)來確定最終結(jié)果的不確定性。Tocalibrationaninstrument,thepersondoingthecalibrationshouldconsiderthelimitsof accuracyoftheinstrumenttobecalibrated,themethodsthatwillbeusedtoensurethattherequiredaccuracycanbeobtained,andtheaccuracyofthestandardofinstrumentusedasareference.標定一臺儀器，標定的人需要考慮被標定儀器的準確度極限，使用能確保待測準確度的可測性的方法，并且用標準儀器的準確度作為參考。Therangeisdefinedbythelowerrangelimitandtheupperrangelimit..Asthenamesimply,therangeconsistsofallvaluesbetweenthelowerrangelimitandtheupperrangelimit.范圍的定義是范圍下限和范圍上限。如名稱所示，范圍由范圍下限與范圍上限兩者間的全部值組成。Driftisanundesirablechangeoveraspecifiedperiodoftime.漂移是指在特定時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的不抱負的變化。Theenvironmentofameasuringinstrumentincludesambienttemperature,ambientpressure,fluidtemperature,fluidpressure,electromagneticfields,acceleration,vibration,andmountingposition.測量裝置的環(huán)境包括四周環(huán)境溫度、環(huán)境壓力、流體溫度、流體壓力、電磁場、加速度、震驚及安裝的位置。Controlsystemsareclassifiedinanumberofdifferentways.Theyareclassifiedasclosed-looporopen-loop,dependingonwhetherornotfeedbackisused.Theyareclassifiedasanalogordigital,dependingonthenatureofthesignals—continuousordiscrete.Theyaredividedintoregulatorsystemsandfollow-upsystems,dependingonwhetherthesetpointisconstantorchanging.Theyaregroupedintoprocesscontrolsystemsormachinecontrolsystems,dependingontheindustrytheyareusedin—processingordiscrete-partmanufacturin