情 態(tài) 動(dòng) 詞 復(fù) 習(xí) 及虛擬語氣

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞復(fù)習(xí)及虛擬語氣

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法特點(diǎn)1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，只表示期待或估計(jì)某事的發(fā)生。

2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞除ought和have外，后面只能接不帶to的不定式。

3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s。

4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式，分詞，等形式。

“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone”是近幾年高考試題中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一個(gè)主要考點(diǎn)。其主要有兩種情況：一種是用來表示對過去情況的推測與判定;另一種是在虛擬語氣中的使用。(一)“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone”表示對過去狀況的推測和判定。1.musthavedone用在肯定句中，表示對過去狀況肯定性的推測，意為“(過去)一定已經(jīng)……”①He____havecompletedhiswork;otherwise,hewouldn’tbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.A.shouldB.mustC.wouldn’tD.can’t②Thiscakeisverysweet.You____alotofsugarinit.A.shouldput

B.couldhaveputC.mightput

D.musthaveput③—ThewomanbiologiststayedinAfricastudyingwildanimalsfor13yearsbeforeshereturned.—Oh,dear!She____alotofdifficulties.A.maygothroughB.mightgothroughC.oughttohavegonethroughD.musthavegonethrough④Iwasonthehighwaywhenthiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.They____atleast150kilometersanhour.A.shouldhavebeendoingB.musthavebeendoingC.couldhavedoneD.wouldhavedone⑤—Tomisneverlateforwork.Whyisheabsenttoday?—Something____tohim.A.musthappenB.shouldhavehappenedC.couldhavehappenedD.musthavehappened⑥Ihavelostoneofmygloves.I____itsomewhere.A.mustdrop

B.musthavedroppedC.mustbedroppingD.musthavebeendropped2.can/couldhavedone用在否定句中表示對過去否定的推測，意為“(過去)不可能……”;用在疑問句中表示對過去狀況可能性的推測，“(過去)可能……了嗎?”。這時(shí)的can和could沒有什么大的區(qū)別。①I____havebeenmorethansixyearsoldwhentheaccidenthappened.A.shouldn’t

B.couldn’tC.mustn’t

D.needn’t②—DoyouknowwhereDavidis?Icouldn’tfindhimanywhere.—Well.He____havegonefar—forhiscoat’sstillhere.A.shouldn’t

B.mustn’tC.can’t

D.wouldn’t③MyEnglish-Chinesedictionaryhasdisappeared.Who____havetakenit?A.should

B.mustC.could

D.would④MysistermethimattheGrandTheatreyesterdayafternoon,sohe____yourlecture.A.couldn’thaveattendedB.needn’thaveattendedC.mustn’thaveattendedD.shouldn’thaveattended3.may/mighthavedone表示說話人對過去狀況不確定的推測，用在肯定句(意為“可能已經(jīng)……”)或否定句中(意為“過去可能不能……”)。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中may和might可以互換，沒有時(shí)態(tài)差別。①SorryI’mlate.I____haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.A.might

B.shouldC.can

D.will②We____haveprovedgreatadventurers,butwehavedonethegreatestmarchevermadeinthepasttenyears.A.needn’t

B.maynotC.shouldn’t

D.mustn’t(二)用于虛擬語氣中?！扒閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone”可以表示“本來可以/能夠/應(yīng)該做某事，實(shí)際上卻并沒有做或本來不可以/不該/不必做某事，實(shí)際上卻做了”。這種用法屬于虛擬語氣的范疇，在近幾年的高考中考得也比較多。1.couldhavedone表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，意為“本來可以或能夠……”，事實(shí)上卻沒有。含有遺憾的意味，側(cè)重有能力做而沒能做成。①—IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.—Oh,didyou?You____withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestay②Hepaidforaseat,whenhe____haveenteredfree.A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.need2.mighthavedone表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，意為“其實(shí)(本來)可以……”,表示一種委婉的“責(zé)備”之意。He____youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A.mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.musthavegivenD.maygive3.needn’thavedone表示一種不必要的過去行為，意為“本來不必……”。無批評責(zé)備之意，只是惋惜而已。①Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday.I____thetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.A.shouldhavetakenB.couldhavetakenC.needn’thavetakenD.mustn’thavetaken②Asyouworkedlateyesterday,you____havecomethismorning.A.mayn’t

B.can’tC.mustn’t

D.needn’t③—Catherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.—Thanks.You____it.Icouldmanageitmyself.A.needn’tdoB.needn’thavedoneC.mustn’tdoD.shouldn’thavedone4.should/oughttohavedone用在肯定句中，表示過去本該做某事卻沒有做，意為“本應(yīng)該……”;用在否定句中，表示過去本不應(yīng)該做某事卻做了，意為“本不該……”。兩者都含有一種委婉的“批評、責(zé)備”之意。①Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You______homewithoutaword.A.mustn’tleave

B.shouldn’thaveleftC.couldn’thaveleftD.needn’tleave②Mr.White____at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn’tshowup.A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarriveC.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving③Oh,I’mnotfeelingwellinthestomach.I____somuchfriedchickenjustnow.A.shouldn’teat

B.mustn’thaveeatenC.shouldn’thaveeatenD.mustn’teat.④—I’lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.—You____herlastweek.A.oughttotellB.wouldhavetoldC.musttellD.shouldhavetold(一)can/could1.表示本身所具有的潛能或能力,could是過去式。①Ifitwerenotforthefactthatshe____sing,Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.A.couldn’t

B.shouldn’t

C.can’t

D.mightnot②Youknowheisnotgoingtoletusleaveearlyifwe____gettheworkdone.A.can’t

B.maynotC.shouldn’t

D.mustn’t③Wehopethatasmanypeopleaspossible____joinusforthepicnictomorrow.A.need

B.mustC.should

D.can④IfI____plantodosomethingIwantto,I’dliketogotoTibet.A.would

B.couldC.hadto

D.oughtto2.在肯定句中表示“可能”，常指“理論上的可能性”或“有時(shí)可能”。用來表達(dá)事件或情況可能發(fā)生(但并不牽涉到是否真的會(huì)發(fā)生)。①Someaspectsofapilot’sjob____beboring,andpilotsoften____workatinconvenienthours.A.can;haveto

B.may;canC.haveto;mayD.oughtto;must②TheWorldWideWebissome-timesjokinglycalledtheWorldWideWaitbecauseit____beveryslow.A.should

B.mustC.will

D.can3.表示推測，可用在否定句(表示“不可能”)和疑問句(表示“可能，會(huì)”)。①There’snolighton—They____beathome.A.can’t

B.mustn’tC.needn’t

D.shouldn’t②

You____betired—you’veonlybeenworkingforanhour.A.mustnot

B.won’tC.can’t

D.maynot4.can可用以表示“許可、允許”;在疑問句中表示“請求”，此時(shí)，could可代替can,使語氣更加委婉，但答語仍要用can,在否定句中表示“不許”,可與may通用。①—Mum,I’vebeenstudyingEnglishsince8o’clock.____IgooutandplaywithTomforawhile?—No,I’mafraidnot.Besides,it’srainingoutsidenow.A.Can’t

B.Wouldn’tC.Maynot

D.Won’t5.在否定、疑問和感嘆句中，can還可表示“懷疑、驚訝、困惑、失望”等感情色彩。Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How____itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?A.can

B.shouldC.may

D.must(二)may/mightmay/might表示“或許、大概、可能”的推測含義，might可能性更小。①Helen____goonthetripwithus,butsheisn’tquitesureyet.A.shall

B.mustC.may

D.can②—AreyougoingtoJeff’sparty?—I’mnotsure.I____gototheconcertinstead.A.must

B.wouldC.should

D.might(三)must1.must表示“必須、一定、應(yīng)該”之意，其否定形式為mustn’t，表示“不準(zhǔn)、不應(yīng)該、禁止”的意思。①—CouldIhaveawordwithyou,mum?—Ohdear,ifyou____.A.can

B.mustC.may

D.should②Tom,you____leaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethis!A.wouldn’t

B.mustn’tC.needn’t

D.maynot2.must還可表示“硬要、偏要”的意思。表示責(zé)備、抱怨的感情色彩。①—MayIsmokehere?—Ifyou____,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.A.should

B.couldC.may

D.must②John,lookatthetime.____youplaythepianoatsuchalaterhour?A.Must

B.Can

C.May

D.Need4.在回答must的問句時(shí)，肯定回答還用must,否定回答常用needn’t.—Musthecometosignthepaperhimself?—Yes,he______.A.need

B.mustC.may

D.will(四)need用在否定句和疑問句中，表示“需要、必要”?！狶ucydoesn’tmindlendingyouherdictionary.—She____.I’vealreadyborrowedone.A.can’t

B.mustn’tC.needn’t

D.shouldn’t(五)will/wouldwill/would表示意愿、意志和決心，用于各種人稱。此時(shí)，would是will的過去式?！狹r.Gordonaskedmetoremindyouofthemeetingthisafternoon.Don’tforgetit!—OK,I______.A.won’t

B.don’tC.will

D.do(六)shall/should1.用于第二、三人稱陳述句中表示意圖、決心、允諾、命令、警告、威脅等語氣，可譯為“必須、應(yīng)、可”等。①“Theinterest____bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides.”declaredthejudge.A.may

B.shouldC.must

D.shall③Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates____remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.A.can

B.willC.may

D.shall2.shall用于第一、三人稱的疑問句中，表示征詢對方的意見和請示。①—What’sthename?—Khulaifi.______Ispellthatforyou?A.Shall

B.WouldC.Can

D.Might②—Theroomissodirty.____wecleanit?—Ofcourse.A.Will

B.ShallC.Would

D.Do3.should在肯定句中可以表示勸告和建議，意為“應(yīng)該”。①—IthinkI’llgiveBobaring.—You____.Youhaven’tbeenintouchwithhimforages.A.will

B.mayC.haveto

D.should②Ioftenseelightsinthatemptyhouse.DoyouthinkI____reportittothepolice?A.should

B.mayC.will

D.can4.should也可表示推測，解釋為“可能、應(yīng)該、想必……”。是說話人按常理或職責(zé)所進(jìn)行的推測。①—WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.—They____bereadyby12:00.A.can

B.shouldC.might

D.need②There____beanydifficultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepracticedalotinthedrivingschool.A.mustn’t

B.shan’tC.shouldn’t

D.needn’t5.用于虛擬條件句中____fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.A.Wouldyoube

B.ShouldyoubeC.CouldyoubeD.Mightyoube6.用在某些名詞性從句中，表示驚異、意外等情緒，常譯為“竟然”。Youcan’timaginethatawell-behavedgentleman____besorudetoalady.A.might

B.needC.should

D