常用詞的用法10

UnitTenjoin,judge,keep,kind,knock,know,knowledgejoin

join連接、參加、加入。短語：joinin參加(作為一個(gè)小組成員參加某一活動(dòng))；joinsomebodyin(doing)something和某人在一起做某事；jointhearmy參軍；join...to把...連接起來；joinup連接起來；bejoinedinmarriage結(jié)成夫婦；joininwithsomebodytotakearisk與某人同冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；joinmeforacupoftea和我一起喝杯茶；ajoininacoat衣縫；joinupwith匯合；joinhandswith互相合作、攜起手來；比較：join指“參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)”時(shí),和takepartin有時(shí)是通用的。前者側(cè)重娛樂、欣賞,后者側(cè)重身體力行,參加在其中。但“參加考試”不可說：join或takepartin，而須說：sitfor或take。如：sitfor/takethemaking-upexam參加補(bǔ)考；attend出席,一般只用于出席會(huì)。attend短語:attendon侍候、看護(hù)；attendto留意、專心于；①We’regoingtohaveasportsmeeting.Howmanyofyouwill___?A.joinitB.joininC.takepartinD.takepart②Inthefirstgamesforthedisabledin1948justtwoteamsofinjuredsoldiers___.A.tookpartinB.joinedinC.tookpartD.attended③Willyoujoinusinthegame?Thankyou,___.A.butwhynotB.butI’drathernotC.andIwon’tD.andI’lljoinDCBjudge

judge法官、判斷、斷定。短語：I’mnojudgeinsuchmatters.我對(duì)這些事是外行；judgehim(tobe)askilledworker斷定他是個(gè)熟練的工人；judgebetweenrightandwrong判斷是非；judge(of)somebody評(píng)價(jià)某人；judgewhetherhewasrightorwrong判斷他是對(duì)還是錯(cuò)；judgeitsafertogoawaythantostay認(rèn)為離開比留下較安全；judgethatyouhaveforgottentogo認(rèn)為你忘記去了；比較：judgesomebody/somethingby根據(jù)……判斷某人（物），主要用于根據(jù)某人的交朋結(jié)友、穿著服飾、言語容貌、舉止表現(xiàn)等來評(píng)判、品評(píng)其人，很少表明品評(píng)的結(jié)果。如：Don’tjudgeamanbyhislooks.judgefrom/on根據(jù)……來判斷，主要用于依據(jù)什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、跡象、數(shù)量、證據(jù)、報(bào)告等判定出什么結(jié)果。如：Wecanjudgefromthenumberofcarsthattherearenotmanypeopleattheclub.①___whathehassaid,weconsiderhimright.A.JudgedfromB.JudgedbyC.JudgingfromD.Beingjudgedby②___onlybyone’sappearance,I’msure,willhaveyougetjusthalfofhimorless.A.JudgingB.JudgedC.TobejudgedD.JudgeCAkeep

keep

保存、保持、繼續(xù)不斷。短語:keepto=stickto/holdto堅(jiān)持；keepwatch警戒；keepbodyandsoultogether維持生計(jì)；keepsomethingfromsomebody隱瞞；keephouse管理家務(wù)、當(dāng)家；keepthehouse(某人)留在家中不外出、暫時(shí)看守房屋；keepback保留、阻止；keepoff/stayawayfrom不接近；keepoutof不讓進(jìn)入；keepup堅(jiān)持、不使(斗志)低落、保持、繼續(xù)；keepupwith跟上、保持不落后、和……保持一致；keepup(with)繼續(xù)、保持；catchupwith趕上、追上；keepasecret保守秘密；keepadiary記日記；keepthelaw遵守法律；keepafamily養(yǎng)家；keepapromise信守諾言；keeparecord作記錄；keeppigs養(yǎng)豬；keepfit保持健康；keep/prevent/stopsomebodyfromdoingsomething阻止某人做某事；keepintouchwith與……保持聯(lián)系；keep…as把……作為；beinone’skeep由某人照管；keepout/keepinmind/keepsilence；keepyouwaiting/keephiseyesshut/keepushealthy/keepthecatoutofmystudy/keepthecoldout；（keep的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)）；keeper(動(dòng)物園中的)飼養(yǎng)員、看守人；用法：（1）、keep不接從句、不定式；不接名詞（代詞）＋不定式；（2）、keeptheboxintheshade是keep+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補(bǔ)可以用形容詞、副詞、分詞、介詞短語等，意思為“使……處于某種狀態(tài)”。類似的詞有：make/call/elect/consider/choose/name等。比較：（1）、keepdoingsomething不斷地做某事,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù),不能后接表示瞬間的動(dòng)詞,不能說:Hekeptjumping.keepondoingsomething常用來強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的反復(fù),但有時(shí)也可表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)。后可接瞬間或持續(xù)動(dòng)詞,后者有表示連續(xù)和反復(fù)兩種情況。如：Hekeptoncoughingwhengivingalecture./Thenaughtyboykeptonstandinginthecourseofthelesson.（2）、keepupwith保持不落后；catchupwith趕上；（3）、keep(on)doingsomething和goondoingsomething的區(qū)別在于起點(diǎn)不同:觀察事物一開始起時(shí)用前者；如：Itkeptrainingallnight.當(dāng)接受了事物前一段的動(dòng)作后,從接下來的動(dòng)作觀察時(shí)用后者。如：Itwentonraining.（4）、keep/have/leavesomebodydoingsomething都有“讓某人做某事”之意,但:keep意為“使某人保持某種動(dòng)作”,即causesomebodytocontinuedoingsomething,帶有使役的意思。如：Don'tkeeptheboycryingthatmuch.have意為“聽任某人做某事”,即allowsomebodytodosomething,帶有任其行動(dòng)而不加干預(yù)之意。如：HehadTomworkingallnightlong.leave既有allow又有cause的意思,還常保留有本意“離開”。如：Thestepmotherleftthelittlegirlbeggingoutinthestreet.（5）、keepsomebodyfromdoingsomething阻止某人做某事，主要用于否定句和疑問句，from不能省。preventsomebody(from)doingsomething阻止某人做某事，隱含預(yù)防之意。stopsomebody(from)doingsomething阻止某人做某事，常指現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的具體行動(dòng)。①Onlyinthiswaycanyou___yourclassmates,otherwiseyou’llfallbehindinstudy.A.catchupwithB.keepupwithC.stayupwithD.makeupwith②Wouldyouslowdownabit,please?Ican’t___you.A.keepupwithB.putupwithC.makeuptoD.holdonto③Iwarnedhimto___it,buthewouldn’tlisten.A.keepoutofB.keptoutofC.keepupD.keptoff④Mum,canIputthepeachesinthecupboard?No,dear.Theydon’t___well.Puttheminthefridgeinstead.A.keepB.fitC.getD.lastBAAA①Howlonghaveyou___thecomputer?A.boughtB.gotC.borrowedD.kept②Myfatheralwayskeepsme___whilehehimselfkeeps___.A.smoking;smokingB.tosmoke;tosmokeC.fromsmoking;smokingD.fromsmoking;onsmoking③Innature,alltheanimalshavetheirownwayofhidingthemselvesinplacesto___theirenemies.A.keepawayB.keepC.keepwithD.keepout④Wemustkeeptheroom___beforetheguestsarrive.A.cleaningB.cleanC.cleanedD.beingcleaned⑤Hearingthenews,shecouldn’t___hertears.A.keepbackB.holdbackC.givebackD.keepupDDCBA,Bkind

kind種、類、友好的、和善的。短語：akind/typeof一種、一類（后接單數(shù)名詞，名詞前不用a/an或限定詞）；allkindsof各種各樣的；bekindtosomebody對(duì)……很友好、善良；It'skindofsomebodytodosomething某人做某事真好；kindof+a/an有點(diǎn)、有幾分；feelkindoftired覺得有點(diǎn)累；ofakind同一類、不太好的；bekind/good/nice/crueltosomebody對(duì)某人友好、善良、殘忍；besokindasto勞駕；ofakind同類的、蹩腳的；kindlyman和藹的人；takekindlyto喜歡、對(duì)……有好感；用法：（1）、thiskindofpen和pensofthiskind意思相近,事物是復(fù)數(shù)或有修飾詞時(shí),必須用ofthiskind。whatkindofanimal問動(dòng)物的種類；whatkindofananimal問這個(gè)動(dòng)物怎么樣。sortof/kindof修飾形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞時(shí),意為“有點(diǎn)”。如：Helookskindoftired.asortof/ofasort有點(diǎn)是又不完全是，帶有貶義。如：MrLiisasortofteacher.thiskindof+名詞(單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù))+動(dòng)詞(單數(shù))；名詞(復(fù)數(shù))+ofthiskind+動(dòng)詞(復(fù)數(shù)),如:Questionsofthatkindareverydifficult.(a)kindof,kindsof,sort,type,class,form,varietyof后面的名詞前一般不用冠詞。Willyoubesokindastoanswermeaquestion?勞駕你回答我一個(gè)問題行嗎?sokindastodo做客套語,表示請(qǐng)求別人做某事。（2）、kind的幾種用法：1)、用單數(shù)，其后名詞可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)，后面的名詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。如：thatkindofapple/books；2)、用復(fù)數(shù)，后面的名詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。如：threekindsofknives；3)、用單數(shù)，前面的指示代詞可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：thesekindofbooks；①___kindofshoesdoyoulike,AorB?A.WhatB.WhichC.ThatD.Whose②Hereweretwokindsofstamps.Icouldn’tdecide___tochoose.Ilike___.A.which;bothB.what;bothC.which;allD.what;allBAknock

knock敲(門、窗)。短語：knockover弄倒、打翻；knockat/onthedoor敲(門、窗)；knockdown撞倒；knockintosomebody撞在某人身上；knockoutof從……中敲出來；knocksomethingintopieces將……打碎；knockhisheadon/againstthewall頭撞在墻上；knocksomebodyoffhisbike把某人從自行車上撞下來；knockabout（物）碰撞；knockoff把……敲落、擊倒；aknockat/onthedoor敲門；①Lostinthought,hegot___byapassingbike,unabletostandupforthemoment.A.knockedintoB.knockedoutC.knockedoverD.knockedat②___atthedoorbeforeentering,please.A.KnockedB.ToknockC.KnockingD.Knock③Lostinthought,healmost___acarinfrontofhim.A.knockedintoB.knockedoverC.knockeddownD.knockedoff④Thensheclimbedontothebox,graspedthepoleand___downthebananaswiththepole.A.knockedB.pickedC.tookD.shook⑤Thegirlwasknocked___herbikebyacar.Sheshouted___thedriverangrily.A.on;toB.into;toC.off;atD.in;atCCDAAknow

know知道、懂得、認(rèn)識(shí)。短語和句型：beknownas被稱為……(as指主語的身份或職務(wù))；beknownby根據(jù)……知道(by表明判斷的標(biāo)準(zhǔn))；knowsomethingfromsomething=tellsomethingfromsomething區(qū)分；makeoneselfknown(tosomebody)自我介紹；knowoneself有自知之明；knowforcertainthat…確實(shí)知道；knowhimtobebrave知道他是勇敢的；knowhimforaGerman看出他是德國人；knowsomebodybyname只知道某人的名字；knowabout=hearofsomebody/something知道關(guān)于某人（事物）的情況；knowofsomebody/something知道有某人（事物）的存在；knowsomebody(to)dosomething知道某人做某事；knowhimtobeayoungman知道他是個(gè)年輕人；knowof片面、間接地知道；1）、beknownfor因……而出名(for表示原因)；2）、beknownto為……所熟知(to后接人)；3）、knowsomebodytobe…知道某人是；4）、knowhowtodosomething知道如何做某事；5）、knowsomebodysocheerful知道某人這么高興；6）、makeitknownthat…把……公布；7）、Itiswellknownthat…眾所周知；8）、Iknowthatyouaren’tadoctor我知道你不是醫(yī)生；用法：（1）、know認(rèn)識(shí)、知道、了解、熟悉,強(qiáng)調(diào)“認(rèn)識(shí)”。knowabout知道……的情況。knowabout/of表示間接地“了解、聽說、知道”有關(guān)情況。如：IknowtheheadmasterbutIdon'tknowabouthim.（2）、know屬意識(shí)性動(dòng)詞，不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)。作為肯定用法的know幾乎不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),而只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替。但在否定句中常用完成時(shí)表示“至今未了解”。如：We'veneverknownthemtodosuchastupiddeed.（3）、know用現(xiàn)在時(shí),后接賓語+tobe作賓補(bǔ),to不可省,但tobe一起可省,改為被動(dòng)式,tobe也可省,如:Heisknown(tobe)agoodworker.know用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),后接賓語+不定式作賓補(bǔ),to可要可不要,如:I'veknownhim(to)runfasterthanthat.（4）、know后不能直接跟不定式，know,tell,advise,show,teach,inquire,settle,discuss等后的不定式常由疑問副詞what,who,where,how等引出。（5）、Iknowhim(very)well(verywell表示程度，不能用verymuch修飾know)。canknow不合乎習(xí)慣，要改為：canlearn如：Wecanknow(改為：learn)allaboutAfrica.（6）、know作“經(jīng)歷、見過、聽過”解，只能用于過去時(shí)或完成時(shí)。如：Heknewbothgrievesandhappiness/Ineverknewsoyoungabodywithsowiseahead.（7）、come/get/begintoknowsomething不能和for短語連用。（8）、在Iknow/remember/think/suppose/expect/believe/imagine/guess等表達(dá)方式里，通常不用it。如：It’slate,Iknow（后不能加it）.（9）、aswe/youknow;asisknowntous常作插入語，意思是“就我信所知”，as指代所提到的事。Whatdoyouknowabout/thinkof…?你對(duì)……了解些什么（怎么看）？Howdoyoulike…?你對(duì)……有多喜歡？（10）、Whichdoyouknow(改為：think)isthebetterofthetwotoys?doyouknow不能作插入語。比較：（1）、know知道，常含有經(jīng)常性的意味不含思考的過程，“認(rèn)識(shí)”的含義很廣，可僅僅表示“知道某人是誰”，也可表示“熟悉”。如：Oneshouldalwaysknowone’sfriendsandenemies.learn知道、聽說、得知，強(qiáng)調(diào)從不知道到知道的具體變化。如：Ihavelearnedalotofknowledge.recognize認(rèn)出，表示一時(shí)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，只能用于原來他所認(rèn)識(shí)的人。如：MyhometownhadchangedsogreatlythatIcouldhardlyrecognizeit.realize意識(shí)到，是原來不知道到后來有所醒悟的思維過程。如：Herealizeditwasgettingdark.（2）、beknownto表示某人（物）為某人所知、為某人所熟悉。如：Heisknowntobeaskilledworker他以熟練工人而知名。beknownby表示“認(rèn)識(shí)所用的手段或判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”。by短語表示行為方式或手段。如：Atreeisknownbyitsfruit.（3）、know是常用詞，主要指曉得某一事實(shí)，具有某一方面的知識(shí)或經(jīng)驗(yàn)，懂得某種意義等，著重于知道。如：Everychildknowsthattwoandtwomakefour.understand主要指在進(jìn)行必要的思考后，不僅清楚、正確地認(rèn)識(shí)到某事物的意義和性質(zhì)，而且了解它所暗含的各種關(guān)系，著重于思考過程之后的理解結(jié)果。如：Ican’tunderstandhisstealingit.see懂、領(lǐng)會(huì)，它強(qiáng)調(diào)通過研究、詢問、反省而從精神上、心理上或思想上了解、明白、懂、理會(huì)到。如：IsawatoncethatIhadmadeamistake.①I___him,butIdon’t___himwell.A.know;knowofB.knowabout;knowC.know;knowD.knowon;knowabout②Who’sthemansittingunderthetree?Idon’t___thisman,butI’ve___him.A.knowof;heardaboutB.know;heardaboutC.know;heardD.knowof;heard③Heknowsverywell___todealwithmen,butwhenhemeetswomen,hedoesn’tknow___todo.A.how;howB.what;whatC.how;whatD.what;how④Couldyoupleaseintroducemetothewriter?Sorry,Idon’t___him,either.Ijust___him.A.know;knowofB.knowof;knowaboutC.knowof;knowD.knowabout;know⑤Speakingofallthesongshehaswritten,Ithinkthisisprobablyhis___one.A.better-knownB.well-knownC.best-knownD.most-knownBBCCAknowledge

knowledge知識(shí)、學(xué)問。短語：haveagoodknowledgeof對(duì)……精通；toone'sknowledge據(jù)某人所知；withoutsomebody'sknowledge在某人不知道的情況下；bringtoone'sknowledge讓某人知道；cometoone'sknowledge傳到某人的耳朵里；Hewassurprisedattheknowledgethathiswifewasdead.得知他妻子已經(jīng)去世的消息后他很震驚；用法：獲得或