曼昆微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)第四版關(guān)鍵概念中英文對照

微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)關(guān)鍵概念中英文對照CHAPTER1scarcity稀缺性

economics經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

efficiency效率

equity平等

opportunitycost機(jī)會成本

rationalpeople理性人

marginalchanges邊際變動

incentive激勵

marketeconomy市場經(jīng)濟(jì)

propertyrights產(chǎn)權(quán)

marketfailure市場失靈

externality外部性

marketpower市場勢力

productivity生產(chǎn)率

inflation通貨膨脹

businesscycle經(jīng)濟(jì)周期CHAPTER2circular-flowdiagram循環(huán)流向圖

productionpossibilitiesfrontier生產(chǎn)可能性邊界

microeconomics微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

macroeconomics宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

positivestatements實(shí)證表述

normativestatements規(guī)范表述CHAPTER3absoluteadvantage絕對優(yōu)勢

opportunitycost機(jī)會成本

comparativeadvantage比較優(yōu)勢

imports進(jìn)口

exports出口CHAPTER4market市場competitivemarket競爭市場

quantitydemanded需求量

lawofdemand需求定理

demandschedule需求表

demandcurve需求曲線normalgood正常物品

inferiorgood彳氐檔物品substitutes替代品

complements互補(bǔ)品

quantitysupplied供給量

lawofsupply供給定理

supplyschedule供給表

supplycurve供給曲線

equilibrium均衡

equilibriumprice均衡價格

equilibriumquantity均衡數(shù)量

surplus過剩

shortage短缺

lawofsupplyanddemand供求定理CHAPTER5elasticity彈性priceelasticityofdemand需求價格彈性

totalrevenue總收益

incomeelasticityofdemand需求收入彈性

cross-priceelasticityofdemand需求的交叉價格彈性

priceelasticityofsupply供給價格彈性CHAPTER6priceceiling價格上限

pricefloor價格下限

taxincidence稅收歸宿CHAPTER7welfareeconomics彳畐利經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

willingnesstopay支付意愿

consumersurplus消費(fèi)者剩余

cost成本producersurplus生產(chǎn)者剩余

efficiency效率

equity平等CHAPTER8deadweightloss無謂損失CHAPTER9worldprice世界價格

tariff關(guān)稅CHAPTER10externality夕卜部"生

internalizingtheexternality外部性的內(nèi)在化

Coasetheorem科斯定理

transactioncosts交易成本

correctivetax矯正稅CHAPTER11Excludability方F他性rivalryinconsumption消費(fèi)中的競爭性

privategoods私人物品

publicgoods公有物品

commonresources公有資源freerider搭便車者

cost-benefitanalysis成本收益分析

TragedyoftheCommons公有地悲劇CHAPTER12CHAPTER13totalrevenue總收益totalcost總成本profit利潤explicitcosts顯性成本implicitcosts隱性成本

economicprofit經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤

accountingprofit會計利潤

productionfunction生產(chǎn)函數(shù)

marginalproduct邊際產(chǎn)量

diminishingmarginalproduct邊際產(chǎn)量遞減

fixedcosts固定成本variablecosts可變成本

averagetotalcost平均總成本

averagefixedcost平均固定成本

averagevariablecost平均可變成本

marginalcost邊際成本

efficientscale有效規(guī)模

economiesofscale規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)

diseconomiesofscale規(guī)模不經(jīng)濟(jì)

constantreturnstoscale規(guī)模收益不變CHAPTER14competitivemarket競爭市場

averagerevenue平均收益marginalrevenue邊際收益sunkcost沉沒成本CHAPTER15Monopoly壟斷企業(yè)

naturalmonopoly自然壟斷

pricediscrimination價格歧視CHAPTER16Oligopoly寡頭

monopolisticcompetition壟斷競爭

collusion勾結(jié)

cartel卡特爾Nashequilibrium納什均衡gametheory博弈論

prisoners＇dilemma囚徒困境

dominantstrategy占優(yōu)策略CHAPTER17monopolisticcompetition壟斷競爭CHAPTER18

factorsofproduction生產(chǎn)要素

productionfunction生產(chǎn)函數(shù)

marginalproductoflabor勞動的邊際產(chǎn)量

diminishingmarginalproduct邊際產(chǎn)量遞減

valueofthemarginalproduct邊際產(chǎn)量值

capital資本CHAPTER19compensatingdifferential補(bǔ)償性工資差別

humancapital人力資本

union工會strike罷工efficiencywages效率工資

discrimination歧視CHAPTER20povertyrate貧困率povertyline貧困線in-kindtransfers實(shí)物轉(zhuǎn)移支付lifecycle生命周期permanentincome持