固體廢物的處理與資源化(英文)

TreatmentandResourceUtilizationofSolidWaste1234Contents

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IntroductionofsolidwasteProductionofsolidwasteHarmandInfluenceofsolidwasteTreatmentandResourceUtilizationofsolidwasteWhatissolidwaste?Solidwasteisgeneratedintheproduction,constructionandotheractivitiesofhumandailylifeandcausingenvironmentalpollution.Itmainlyincludessolid,liquidandgaseouswastematerials.Solidwastecomparedwithwastewaterandwastegashasdistinctfeatures,ithasadistincttemporal,spatialandlastingharm.1MunicipalSolidWasteIndustrialSolidWaste2Agriculturalsolidwaste34HazardousWasteGenerally,accordingtothesourceofthesolidwaste,itcanbedividedintofourkinds.MunicipalSolidWasteMunicipalsolidwasteismainlyreferstotheurbandailylifeorservicesprovidedtourbandailylifeactivities,namelyofurbanlivinggarbage,mainlyincludingresidentslivinggarbage,hospitalrubbish,commercialgarbage,constructionwaste.Generallyspeaking,thecityofthegarbagequantityperpersonadayfor1-2kilograms,theamountandcompositionandresidentsmateriallifelevel,habitsandwastematerialsrecyclingdegree,municipalconstructionsituationandsoon.Suchasdomesticwastemainlyforthekitchenwaste.IndustrialSolidWasteIndustrialsolidwasteistopointtointheindustry,transportationetcfromproductionactivitiesofminingwastestone,tailing,fuelwasteresidues,chemicalproductionandsmeltingslag.Industrialsolidwasteaccordingtoitssourceandphysicalpropertiesgenerallycanbedividedintosixtypes.Andinaccordancewiththewasteresidueoftoxicandcanbedividedintotwotypesoftoxicwasteandnon-toxic.AgriculturalSolidWasteAgriculturalsolidwasteismainlyfromagriculturalproduction,animalhusbandry,agriculturalprocessing,ruralresidents.HazardousWasteHazardouswastemainlyincludespaints,pigments,oilsandotherchemicalwaste,alsoincludingnuclearwaste.Howtoproducesolidwaste?Humancognitionislimited,resultingindestructionofthenaturalenvironment.ThetechnologicallevelofPeoplewhoparticipateinplanning,design,manufacturing,transportation,consumption,managementislimited,resultinginthewasteofresources.Restrictionofmaterialchangelawleadstotheevolutionofthefunctionofgoodsandmaterials.Thepursuitofself-interest,self-protection,luxury,vanityandotherrationalandirrationalpsychologicallimit,resultinginawasteofresources.TheharmofsolidwasteSolidwastegenerationsourcedispersion,production,complexcomposition,morphologyandchangeablenature,maycontaintoxicity,flammability,explosive,radioactive,corrosive,reactive,infectiousandpathogeniccontaminantsorhazardouswaste,evencontaincontaminantsenrichedbiological,somerefractoryorintractablesubstanceemissions(solidwastequantityandquality)isuncertainandhidden,thesefactorshaveledtothesolidwastegeneratedintheiremissionsandprocessforresources,ecologicalenvironment,people'sphysicalandmentalharm,orevenhinderthesustainedsocialandeconomicdevelopment.InsummarywastealotofresourcesdestructionoftheecologicalenvironmentmentalinjuryandpropertydamagecausedbyresidentsForexampleWhitePollutionThephenomenathatdifficultdegradableplasticgarbage(especiallyplastic)polluteenvironmentiscalledwhitepollutionbypeople.TreatmentandResourceUtilizationofsolidwaste

Solidwastedisposalmethodsaretargeted.Mainlyaimedatthefourtypesofsolidwaste.MunicipalSolidWasteIndustrialSolidWasteAgriculturalSolidWasteHazardousWasteMunicipalSolidWaste

Landfills,composting,incineration,recycling,sortingtwoormoreofacombinationofmethodstodealwithmunicipalsolidwaste,thusavoidingandreducingwasteduetoimproperhandlingoftheenvironmentcausedbysecondarypollutionandresources,whileachievingfulluseofresourcesandharmlessobjectprocessingofmunicipalsolidwaste.IndustrialSolidWaste

Recyclingofresourcesutilizationofsolidwasterecycling,energyrecoveryandresources.Recyclingofindustrialsolidwaste,industrialproductionmustbebasedonspecificcharacteristicsmaybe,shouldalsopayattentiontotechnicalfeasibility,competitiveproductsandaccesstoeconomicandotherfactors.Harmlesssounddisposalofsolidwastedisposalmeansthatafterpropertreatmentordisposalofsolidwasteorhazardouscomponentswhichcannotbeharmfultotheenvironment,orconvertedtoharmlessenvironmentalsubstancesAgriculturalSolidWaste

EnergyprocessingStrawgasification;Preparationofcarbon;Powergeneration;FertilizerprocessingThestrawdirectlyintothefield,theuseofnaturalmicrobialfermentationtobecomefertilizer.FeedprocessingThestrawcanbeprocessedintoanimalfeedordirectlyasfoodforcattleandotherlivestock.MaterialprocessingManycropsorotheragriculturalwasteareproducedsomeoflife'simportantrawmaterials,suchas:decorativematerials,waterproofmaterials.HazardousWaste

ChemicalreactionmethodThismethodisdesignedtodealwiththingslikeacid,alkaliandsomeotherplantwaste,andtheuseofacid-basechemistryanditslaws,itdoesnotaffecttheexcretionintotheenvironment,sothatyoucandirectlydischargednature.CuringdeepburyingmethodThismethodismainlyforwastebatteriesandsomeonlandresourceshascontaminatedhazardouswaste.Butthisisnotonlytooexpensivebutalsowasteful,becausetherearealotofusefulsubstancescanbeusedasarawmaterial.MetalsealingmethodThismethodismainlyforthedisposalofnuclearwaste,nuclearwastewillbeputintouseinaclosedboxmadeofmetal,andthendeepintothesparselypopulatedareas,butthispracticeisnotcompletelycutofffromcontaminatednuclearwaste,onlypossiblepollutionreduction,andthismethodisnotonlyawasteofmoneyandawasteoftime,sointernationalexpertsareworkingonabetterway.UtilizationofsolidwasteSolidwasteresourceincludesthefollowingthreeways:(1)Materialrecycling,theprocessingofwasteandtherecoveryofsecondarymaterialsfromdesignated,suchaspaper,glass,metalandoth