中石油職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)真題及答案

2016年中石油職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試真題及參考答案解析VocabularySectionADirections:Therearesomesentencesinthissection.Beloweachsentencearefourotherwordsorphrases.Youaretochoosetheonewordorphrasewhichwouldbestkeepingthemeaningoftheoriginalsentenceifitweresubstitutedfortheunderlinedwordorphrase.Thenmarkyouranswerontheanswersheet.1、Inmostcountries,thecrimeofmurdercarriesharshpenalties.A.unconsciousB.thriveC.severeD.prudent【參考答案】C【釋義】harshadj.殘酷的；嚴(yán)酷的；嚴(yán)厲的；惡劣的unconsciousadj.無(wú)知覺(jué)的；昏迷的；不省人事的；無(wú)意識(shí)的thrivev.繁榮；茁壯成長(zhǎng)；蓬勃發(fā)展；興旺發(fā)達(dá)severeadj.極為惡劣的；十分嚴(yán)重的；嚴(yán)厲的；苛刻的prudentadj.謹(jǐn)慎的；慎重的；精明的2、Itellmymotheraboutmytrialsatworkandbragaboutthekids.A.lieB.boastC.secretiveD.feelawkward【參考答案】B【出處】2016版《通用選讀》第28課That"OtherWoman"inMyLife第8段?！踞屃x】bragv.吹噓；自吹自擂liev.躺；說(shuō)謊；撒謊；在于boast『自夸；自吹自擂；有（值得自豪的東西）secretiveadj.（思想、情感等）不外露的；慣于掩藏自己的；有城府的feelawkward為難；作難；犯難3、Theemployeehadtobreakofftheconversationinordertowaitonhismanger.A.continueB.hurryC.beginD.discontinue【參考答案】D【出處】MBA聯(lián)考大綱英語(yǔ)詞組。原題：Theemployeehadtobreakofftheconversationinordertowaitonhismanager.（discontinue）【釋義】breakoffv.斷絕；折?。话?一折斷；使脫落continuev.持續(xù)；延伸；繼續(xù)存在；不斷發(fā)生hurryv.趕快；（朝某方向）迅速移動(dòng)；催促（某人）；迅速處理beginv.開(kāi)始；啟動(dòng)；起始；開(kāi)始存在（或進(jìn)行）discontinuev.停止；終止；中斷；終止（生產(chǎn)）4、Thereisanextensiveglaciersystem,endlessforests,andinnumerablelakesthroughoutthishighlandarea.A.expansiveB.broadd.deepD.intense【參考答案】A【出處】2016版《通用選讀》第24課TheDelightsofSouthIsland第3段【釋義】extensiveadj.廣闊的；廣大的；大量的；廣泛的expansiveadj.廣闊的；遼闊的；浩瀚的；廣泛的broadadj.寬闊的；廣闊的；…寬（用于表示距離的量度之后）deepadj.深陷；全神貫注；專(zhuān)心；深的intenseadj.很大的；十分強(qiáng)烈的；嚴(yán)肅緊張的；激烈的5、Scientistsaretryingtodevelopcomputersthatwillsimulatethehumanthoughtprocess.A.projectB.reflectC.substituteD.assume【參考答案】B【出處】2015版大綱模擬試題一第13題【釋義】simulatev.模仿；假裝；冒充；裝作projectv.計(jì)劃；規(guī)劃；投影；投射reflectv.反映；映出（影像）；反射（聲、光、熱等）；顯示substitutev.取代；（以…）代替assumev.假設(shè)；假定；認(rèn)為；假裝6、Thetwodriverswereinjuredinthecollision.A.fightB.accidentC.criticD.crash【參考答案】D【出處】同等學(xué)力人員申請(qǐng)碩士學(xué)位英語(yǔ)試題【解釋】collisionn.抵觸；碰撞（或相撞）事故fightn.斗爭(zhēng)；打架；打斗；搏斗accidentn.意外；（交通）事故；意外遭遇；不測(cè)事件criticn.評(píng)論家；反對(duì)者；批評(píng)者crashn.崩潰；墜毀；撞擊；速成7、Visitinginahumidclimatewillcausethetraveler'sclothingtobecomesaturatedwithsweat.A.stainedB.heatedC.drenchedD.trapped【參考答案】C【出處】大學(xué)六級(jí)試題【釋義】saturatedadj.浸透；濕透；（溶液）飽和的；深的stainedadj.（被血或污物）染污的；有瑕疵或污點(diǎn)的；（因罪行）敗壞名聲的；染色的heatedadj.憤怒的；激烈的；十分激動(dòng)的；（用加熱器）加熱了的drenchedadj.濕透的；含太多液體的；充滿(mǎn)（液體）的trapv.誘捕；設(shè)計(jì)誘陷；安防臭瓣；發(fā)射（泥鴿）8、IntheheartofthecontinentofAntarcticaitisalmostashighasthesummitsoftheAlps.A.topsB.trailsC.apexesD.sites【參考答案】C【出處】2016版《通用選讀》第60課WhyAntarcticaIsBeingExplored第8段【釋義】summitn.峰會(huì)；山頂；頂點(diǎn)；最高點(diǎn)topn.頂；上衣；陀螺；上面trailsn.小路；長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)地拖垂后頭的東西；（流星等的）尾；衣裙apex門(mén).頂點(diǎn)；最高點(diǎn)siten.網(wǎng)站；站點(diǎn)；現(xiàn)場(chǎng)；位置9、Nowsomescientistshaverevisedtheirwayofthinking.A.rejectedB.unclearC.amendedD.distasteful【參考答案】C【出處】新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)3課文1-6單元sectionB原文【釋義】revisev.修訂；修正；校閱；再檢查rejectv.拒絕；駁回；丟棄；不接受unclearadj.不清楚的；不確定的；難以掌握的；不完全明白amendv.改良；訂正；改變（行為等）；改過(guò)distastefuladj.使人不愉快的；令人反感的；討厭的10、Ithasbeenarguedthatoilmaybetterbefoundbyrandomdrillingthanbytheapplianceofscientificprinciples.A.foolishB.unplannedC.unavoidableD.wise【參考答案】B【出處】2016版《通用選讀》第31課PetroleumGeologyandOtherSciences第8段【釋義】randomadj.隨機(jī)的foolishadj.愚蠢的；傻的；感到荒謬；出丑unplannedadj.未計(jì)劃（或籌劃）的；意外的unavoidableadj.無(wú)法避免的；難以預(yù)防的wiseadj.充滿(mǎn)智慧的；明智的；英明的；明察善斷的SectionBDirections:Therearesomeincompletesentencesinthissection.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswerontheanswersheet.11、OuroverseasbranchofficeistoopeninDubainextmonth.A.advancedB.informedC.maintainedD.scheduled【參考答案】D【出處】托業(yè)考試（TOEIC）模擬試題【釋義】advancev.提前；進(jìn)步；促進(jìn)；預(yù)付inform丫.通知；通告；知會(huì)；了解maintainv.維護(hù)；保持；堅(jiān)持；撫養(yǎng)schedulev.安排；預(yù)定；為…安排時(shí)間12、Dear,dosendthechildrentobed.Ican'ttheirnoiseanylonger.A.putupwithB.putoutC.putoffD.putaway【參考答案】A【出處】專(zhuān)升本英語(yǔ)考前復(fù)習(xí)試題【釋義】putupwithna.忍??；忍耐putoutv.撲滅；熄滅；放出；伸出putoffna.延期；辯解putawayv.把...收起來(lái)；儲(chǔ)存13、Salespromotionthosepromotionalactivitiesotherthanadvertising,personalselling,andpublicity.A.isconsistedofB.consistsofC.iscomposedfromD.composesfrom【參考答案】B【出處】2016版《通用選讀》第52課SalesPromotion第1段【釋義】isconsistedof被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，由組成的consistsofv.由…構(gòu)成；由…組成；由…組成14、Thesefuelsheatwhentheyburn.A.giveupB.giveoffC.giveawayD.givein【參考答案】B【出處】2016版《通用選讀》第26課TheMagicofEnergy第13段【釋義】giveupna.放棄；斷絕；投降；自首giveoffna.放出；發(fā)出；釋放；散發(fā)出giveawayna.贈(zèng)送；分發(fā)；放棄；露馬腳giveinna.讓步；屈服；投降；上交15、Ibelieveinthesupremeworthoftheindividualandinhisright__life,liberty,andthepursuitofhappiness.A.byB.toc.atD.over【參考答案】B【出處】2016版《通用選讀》第7課OurFamilyCreed第5段16、Whereveryougointheworld,trytoshowrespectforthevaluesofthecountryyouarein,youdonotnecessarilyagreewiththem.A.whateverB.evenifC.asifD.provided【參考答案】B【出處】2016版《通用選讀》第46課CulturalTaboos第6段【釋義】whateverpron.［連接代詞］無(wú)論；什么都；〈俚〉究竟...什么evenifna.即使…也asif仿佛；好像；儼然；似乎；就跟…一樣providedconj汝口果；假如；在...條件下17、MainframeSoftwareCompanyitsclientscompletesatisfactionwithallitsproducts.A.requestsB.admitsC.agreesD.guarantees【參考答案】D【出處】托業(yè)考試（TOEIC）試題【釋義】這里要選擇謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。在空格之后是動(dòng)詞的雙賓語(yǔ)itsclients和completesatisfaction。選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中可以接直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)的只有g(shù)uaranteeoguarantee+人+物“向某人保證某事”。（A）request“要求”和（B）admit“同意”只能接一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)。（C）agree“同意”。18、Organicchemistryisbothintheanalysisofoilandgasandinthestudyofthediagenesisoftheplantandanimaltissuesinsediments.A.involvedB.evolutionC.revolvedD.evolved【參考答案】A【出處】2016版《通用選讀》第31課PetroleumGeologyandOtherSciences第3段【釋義】beinvolvedinna.被包入；被卷入漩渦；參與；涉及；介入19、Managersneedtomonitorinflationsotheycanmakegooddecisions.A.emergencyB.trendC.paceD.schedule【參考答案】B【出處】2016版《通用選讀》第47課ManagingInaGlobalEnvironment第10段【釋義】emergencyn.突發(fā)事件；緊急情況trendn.趨勢(shì)；動(dòng)向；趨向；動(dòng)態(tài)pacen.步伐；節(jié)奏；步速；（移動(dòng)的）速度schedule門(mén).日程安排；明細(xì)表；工作計(jì)劃20、Hefailedagaininthedrivingtest.Idon’tknowwhyhewassonervous.A.intheearthB.ontheearthC.inearthD.onearth【參考答案】D【出處】2016年中石油職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試模擬試題二【釋義】intheearth在泥土里；在地下；在地里ontheearth在地球上inearth在土壤中onearthadv.究竟，到底，固定搭配，為程度副詞。II.GrammaticalStructureSectionADirections:Therearesomeincompletesentencesinthispart.BeneatheachsentenceyouwillseefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswerontheanswersheet.21、Ifyoudon’tagreetoourplan,.A.eithertheywillB.neitherwilltheyC.sodon’ttheyD.sotheywon’tneither【參考答案】B【解析】句意：如果你不同意我們的計(jì)劃，他們也不同意。表示某人也不怎么樣，用neither/nor+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)。所以選B。22、HespeaksEnglish,butnothissisterdoes.A.aswelllikeB.sowellasC.likegoodasD.asgoodas【參考答案】B【出處】2011年中石油職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試真題【解析】句意：他會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，但不好他的姐姐說(shuō)的好。23、Youaresupposedeverythingreadybynow.A.togetB.gettingC.tohavegotD.havinggot【參考答案】C【解析】句意：到目前為止你應(yīng)該把一切都準(zhǔn)備好了。此題考動(dòng)詞搭配。besupposed后要接不定式，即besupposedtodosth.表示“應(yīng)該”。此句中“bynow”表示動(dòng)作應(yīng)已完成，所以不定式要用完成時(shí)態(tài)，故C為正確答案。24、Thecommitteerecommendsthatthematteratthenextmeeting.A.bediscussedB.maybediscussedC.wouldbediscussedD.willbediscussed【參考答案】A【解析】recommends出現(xiàn)，應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，完整的為shouldbediscussed,should省略了。當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為suggest,propose,advise,insist,order,demand,require,request,desire等表示“建議”、“命令”、“請(qǐng)求”和“要求”的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“should+動(dòng)詞原形”（在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中should省略）。25、TheUniversityofMichigan，in1817,islocatedmAnnArbor,Michigan.A.whichwasfoundB.whichwasfoundedC.foundingD.thatwasfound【參考答案】B【解析】befounded成立；被建立；被發(fā)現(xiàn)26、Beforetheenvelope,pleasebesureyouhaveenclosedallofthedocumentslistedinyourorientationpacket.A.sealingB.issealedC.wassealedD.seal【參考答案】A【解析】考察分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，當(dāng)兩句相連時(shí)，如果兩句的主語(yǔ)相同，可以省略一個(gè)主語(yǔ)。但是動(dòng)詞如果是主動(dòng)式則改為現(xiàn)在分詞，若動(dòng)詞如果是被動(dòng)式，則保留過(guò)去分詞。本題原本應(yīng)該是「Beforeyousealtheenvelope」，但因?yàn)檫B接的兩句主詞都是you，所以將「beforeyousealtheenvelope」改為分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的「beforesealingtheenvelope」。27、Toprotectthecameralens,besuretoreattachthelenscoverreturningthecameratoitscase.A.whenB.whatC.whetherD.why【參考答案】A28、You__herintheofficelastFriday;she’sbeenoutoftownfortwoweeks.A.musthaveseenB.can’thaveseenC.needn’thaveseenD.mighthaveseen【參考答案】B【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成式。整句意思：你上周五不可能在她辦公室看到她了，她出城已經(jīng)有兩個(gè)星期了。musthavedone過(guò)去一定做了，can'thavedone過(guò)去不可能做了，needn'thavedone過(guò)去本不必做而做了，mighthavedone過(guò)去可能做了。29、Asageneralrule,snakesunlessoffended.A.havenotbittenB.donotbiteC.willnotbebitingD.arenotbiting【參考答案】B【解析】本題指的是通常狀態(tài)下，所以要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意：一般情況下蛇不會(huì)咬人，除非被冒犯。offendedv.冒犯；得罪；觸怒（offend的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞）；使反感令人不適。30、IguessJonesdidn’thaveachancetowintheelection.thepeopleinthecityvotedforhisopponent.A.MostofallB.AlmostallofC.MostallofD.Almostthewholeof【參考答案】B【出處】2016大綱模擬試題二第26題【解析】句意：我猜想瓊斯是不可能在選舉中獲勝了，幾乎所有的市民都投了他的對(duì)手的票。此題考查詞的搭配。mostofall大多數(shù)；almostallofthepeople幾乎全部人們；C項(xiàng)搭配不正確；D項(xiàng)的whole一般不指代人。SectionBDirections:Inquestions31-40eachsentencehasfourunderlinedwordsorphrases,markedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonewordorphrasewhichisincorrectandmustbechangedtomakethesentencecorrect.Thenmarkyouranswerontheanswersheet.31、OneofthemuchdiscussingquestionstodayhastodowithwhetherornottheteachingofABCreadingshouldstartinthekindergarten.D【參考答案】A。改為：muchdiscussedquestions32、Whenasevereankleinjuryforcedherselftogiveupreportingin1926，MargaretMitchellABCbeganwritinghernovelGonewiththewind.D【參考答案】C。改為：her33、ThebiggerofallnineplanetsinthesolarsystemisJupiter.ABCD【參考答案】A。改為：biggest34、TherearevineyardsinCaliforniathatproductsomeofthebestwineintheworld.【參考答案】B。改為：produce35、RapidlyfallenoilpricescausedOPECministerstomeetandplanastrategy.ABCD【參考答案】B。【出處】2016大綱模擬試題二第37題【解析】改為：B應(yīng)改為falling36、ItisaphenomenonknownastemperatureinversionwhatcausestheworstsmoginplacesABCsuchasLosAngles.D【參考答案】B【出處】大綱模擬試題五第32題【解析】改為：B應(yīng)改為that。此題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。本句為It引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，后面應(yīng)用that，而不是what。37、NewshoppingmallisbeingplannedfortheresidentialareawherenewhomesarebeingbuiltABCatarapidrate.D【參考答案】A【出處】2016大綱模擬試題五第37題【解析】A應(yīng)改為Anewshoppingo此題考查冠詞。單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前必須有冠詞。38、Theinstructorhadgoneovertheproblemsmanytimesbeforethestudentswilltakethefinalexamination.ABCD【參考答案】D【解析】D改為took。主句為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，故before引導(dǎo)的從句為過(guò)去時(shí)。39、Idon'tknowthatyoucanrecognizehimfromhere,buttheboyreadingthenewspaperisTom.ABCD【參考答案】A

【解析】改為whether40、Thetestadministratororderedwenottoopenourbooksuntilhetoldustodo.ABCD【參考答案】B【解析】B改為us。CloseTestDirections:Thereare10blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.Theweatheroftenchangeswhatpeopledoandhowtheydoit.Itisveryimportantinoureverydaylive.Meteorologistsarescientistswhotrytopredicttheweather.41dotheyfindoutthis42?For43scientiststriedtopredicttheweatherby44it.Thisdidn'tworkverywell.Evenifamanstandsonaveryhighmountain,hecanonlyseeasmallpartoftheweather.Then,in1820,aGermanscientist45thatscientistscoulddrawamapofthewayweathermoves.Theweathertomorrowis46today.Itmaymoveas47as30milesanhour.Itmaymove725milesin24hour.48weathermoves,thebestwaytopredict49istousemaps.Youcanseeapictureoftheweatherforlargepartsofthecountryonamap.Winterstormsofrainand50willbe1,000mileswide.Onlyonamapcanmeteorologistsseeastormthisbig.In1820，itwasdifficulttomakesuchmaps.Whywasitdifficult?Thescientistsneededweatherreportstomakethemaps.Itwasnoteasytogetweatherreportsquickly.Todayweatherreportscanbeeasilyandquicklycollectedfromeverywhere.41、41、A.WhyB.WhenC.WhereD.How42、42、A.informationB.newsC.advice43、A.everB.ashortwhileC.alongtimeD.experienceD.thefirsttime44、A.listeningto44、A.listeningtoB.lookingat45、A.insistedB.expected46、A.farawayfromB.overtherebelievinginC.showedC.nearheredependingonD.agreedD.highup47、A.fast4847、A.fast48、A.If49、A.it50、A.cloudB.soonB.UnlessB.thissteamfarC.BecauseC.thatC.snowslowD.ThoughD.oneD.waterD【解析】上文已經(jīng)提到氣象學(xué)家，是研究天氣變化的科學(xué)家并試圖預(yù)測(cè)天氣，那么這句意思，按邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)該談及預(yù)測(cè)方法。A【解析】句中的詞組findout意為“查出、找到”，選項(xiàng)中advice意為“建議”，experience意為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)、體驗(yàn)”，information意為“信息”。C【解析】alongtime很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間；很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。B【解析】believein意為“信仰”，dependon意為“依賴(lài)于”，lookat意為“看……”C【解析】show意為“說(shuō)明、證明"，agree意為“同意、贊同"，insist意為“堅(jiān)持”。此句意為：1820年，德國(guó)一科學(xué)家證明可用天氣變化圖預(yù)測(cè)天氣。并沒(méi)有“同意”“堅(jiān)持”的含義。A【解析】farawayfrom意為“遠(yuǎn)離……”，此句意為“明天的天氣狀況距離今天很遙遠(yuǎn)?！盇【解析】本句意思為：氣象變動(dòng)速度很快，每小時(shí)“快”達(dá)30英里。由下句可知這里指的是速度。C【解析】這是一個(gè)表示原因的狀語(yǔ)從句。承接上下文，因?yàn)樘鞖獠粩嘁苿?dòng)，所以最好的預(yù)測(cè)天氣的辦法是用圖來(lái)表明。A【解析】在表示時(shí)間、距離、天氣等時(shí)，代詞應(yīng)用“it”。C【解析】rainandsnow雨雪ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:Thereare4passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedby4questionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkyouranswerontheanswersheet.Questions51to54arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Althoughrecentyearshaveseensubstantialreductionsinnoxiouspollutantsfromindividualmotorvehicles,thenumberofsuchvehicleshasbeensteadilyincreasing.Consequently,morethan100citiesintheUnitedStatesstillhavelevelsofcarbonmonoxide,particulatematter,andozone(generatedbyphotochemicalreactionswithhydrocarbonsfromvehicleexhaust)thatexceedlegallyestablishedlimits.Thereisagrowingrealizationthattheonlyeffectivewaytoachievefurtherreductionsinvehicleemissions—shortofamassiveshiftawayfromtheprivateautomobile—istoreplaceconventionaldieselfuelandgasolinewithcleaner-burningfuelssuchascompressednaturalgas,liquefiedpetroleumgas,ethanol,ormethanol.Allofthesealternativesarecarbon-basedfuelswhosemoleculesaresmallerandsimplerthanthoseofgasoline.Thesemoleculesbummorecleanlythangasoline,inpartbecausetheyhavefewer,ifany,carbon-carbonbondsandthehydrocarbonstheydoemitarelesslikelytogenerateozone.Thecombustionoflargermolecules,whichhavemultiplecarbon-carbonbondsinvolvesamorecomplexseriesofreactions.Thesereactionsincreasetheprobabilityofincompletecombustionandaremorelikelytoreleaseuncombustedandphotochemicallyactivehydrocarboncompoundsintotheatmosphere.Ontheotherhand,alternativefuelsdohavedrawbacks.Compressednaturalgaswouldrequirethatvehicleshavesetofheavyfueltanks—aseriousliabilityintermsofperformanceandfuelefficiency—andliquefiedpetroleumgasfacesfundamentallimitsonsupply.Ethanolandmethanol,ontheotherhand,haveimportantadvantagesoverothercarbon-basedalternativefuels:theyhavehigherenergycontentpervolumeandwouldrequireminimalchangesintheexistingnetworkfordistributingmotorfuel.Ethanoliscommonlyusedasagasolinesupplement,butitiscurrentlyabouttwiceasexpensiveasmethanol,thelowcostofwhichisoneofitsattractivefeatures.Methanol’smostattractivefeature,however,isthatitcanreducebyabout90percentthevehicleemissionsthatformozone,themostseriousurbanairpollutant.Likeanyalternativefuel,methanolhasitscritics.Yetmuchofthecriticismisbasedontheuseof“gasolineclone”vehiclesthatdonotincorporateeventhesimplestdesignimprovementsthataremadepossiblewiththeuseofmethanol.Itistrue,forexample,thatagivenvolumeofmethanolprovidesonlyaboutone-halfoftheenergythatgasolineanddieselfueldo;otherthingsbeingequal,thefueltankwouldhavetobesomewhatlargerandheavier.However,sincemethanol-fueledvehiclescouldbedesignedtobemuchmoreefficientthan“gasolineclone”vehiclesfueledwithmethanoltheywouldneedcomparativelylessfuel.Vehiclesincorporatingonlythesimplestoftheengineimprovementsthatmethanolmakesfeasiblewouldstillcontributetoanimmediatelesseningofurbanairpollution.51、Accordingtothetext,incompletecombustionismorelikelytooccurwithgasolinethanwithanalternativefuelbecausegasolinemoleculeshaveasimplemolecularstructure.gasolineiscomposedofsmallmolecules.thecombustionofgasolinereleasesphotochemicallyactivehydrocarbons.thecombustionofgasolineembracesanintricatesetofreactions.【原文出處】2016版通用選讀第五課Carbon-basedAlternative。題目源自于考研、GRE等。【參考答案】D【解析】本題是一道指代詞題型。根據(jù)題干中的“incompletecombustion”可將本題的答案信息來(lái)源迅速確定在第二段的第四句，該句中的指代詞“these”暗示本題的具體答案信息來(lái)源應(yīng)該在第二段的第三句。通過(guò)閱讀和理解第二段的第三句可推導(dǎo)出本題的正確選項(xiàng)。52、Thetextsuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutairpollution?Fewseriousattemptshavebeenmadetoreducetheamountofpollutantsemittedbygasoline-fueledvehicles.Pollutantsemittedbygasoline-fueledvehiclesarenotthemostcriticalsourceofurbanairpollution.Furtherattemptstoreduceemissionsfromgasoline-fueledvehicleswillnothelplowerurbanairpollutionlevels.Attemptstoreducethepollutantsthatanindividualgasoline-fueledvehicleemitshavebeenlargelyunsuccessful.【參考答案】C【解析】本題是一道審題定位題型。通過(guò)題干中的“airpollution”可將本題的答案信息來(lái)源迅速確定在第一段，因?yàn)榈谝欢问拙渲泻小皀oxiouspollutants”，都在談污染的問(wèn)題。通過(guò)閱讀和理解第一段，尤其是第一段尾句即全文的中心主旨句，可推導(dǎo)出本題的正確選項(xiàng)。這是一道比較難的題?？忌诮忸}時(shí)一定要具備審題定位能力，還要具備歸納和推導(dǎo)能力。53、Whichofthefollowingmostcloselyparallelsthesituationdescribedinthefirstsentenceofthetext?Althoughatown’scitizensreducetheirindividualuseofwater,thetown’swatersuppliescontinuetodwindlebecauseofasteadyincreaseinthetotalpopulatingofthetown.Althoughacountryattemptstoincreasethesaleofdomesticgoodsbyaddingataxtothepriceofimportedgoods,thesaleofimportedgoodswithinthecountrycontinuestoincrease.Althoughatownreducesitspublicservicesinordertoavoidataxincrease,thetown’staxrateexceedsthatofothertownsinthesurroundingarea.Althoughastatepassesstrictlawstolimitthetypeoftoxicmaterialthatcanbedisposedofinpubliclandfills,illegaldumpingcontinuestoincrease.【參考答案】A【解析】這是一道類(lèi)比題型，因?yàn)楸绢}題干中含有“parallels”（與……相當(dāng)，與……一樣）一詞。本題題干已將類(lèi)比的參照對(duì)象確定在第一段的首句。通過(guò)仔細(xì)閱讀和理解第一段的首句，可推導(dǎo)出本題的正確選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)樵撨x項(xiàng)涉及的增減關(guān)系的前提條件和原文一脈相承?？忌谄平膺@種題型時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)原文所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與關(guān)系有明確的認(rèn)識(shí)和把握，不可以無(wú)根據(jù)地推導(dǎo)。54、Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthetextmostlikelyregardsthecriticismofmethanolas.flawedbecauseoftheassumptionsonwhichitisbased.inapplicablebecauseofaninconsistencyinthecritics,arguments.misguidedbecauseofitsexclusivelytechnologicalfocus.inaccuratebecauseitignoresconsumers,concerns.【參考答案】A【解析】這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推導(dǎo)題型。本題題干中的“thecriticismofmethanol”把本題的答案信息來(lái)源確定在第四段的第一、二句。通過(guò)閱讀和理解這兩句話(huà)，尤其是第二句話(huà)，就可推導(dǎo)出本題的正確選項(xiàng)?？忌谄平獗绢}時(shí)一定要注意第二句話(huà)的第一個(gè)詞“Yet”在語(yǔ)意上所起的作用。考生在解題時(shí)一定要重視啟承轉(zhuǎn)合詞的出現(xiàn)和功能。Questions55to58arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Formanytravelersthereisnothinglikeabigcity.Thebigcitiesofanationofferthingsthatareusuallynotfoundinotherplaces.Outstandingmuseums,plays,music,anddancegroupsareexamples.Shopsthatseemtoselleverythingunderthesun,greatbuildings,famousbusinesses,andveryfinerestaurantsalsoarecommon.Formanytravelers,therefore,thecityistheplacetobe.Yet,forsome,thecityhasbecomeaplacetofear.Theyseethecityasaplacewithtoomanypeople,toomuchtraffic,andyes,toomuchcrime.Hereareafewsuggestionsandsafetyruleswhichcanhelpthevisitortohavemorefunandfewerworries.Keeptheminmindthenexttimeyoutraveltoalargecitysothatyoucanmakethemostofyourvisit.Chooseahotelwhichhasagoodreputation.Don’tchoosejustanyplacefromalistofhotelsandprices.Trytotalkwithsomeonewhohasbeenthere.Whenyougettoyourhotel,leaveanylargeamountsofcashandanythingelseofvalueinthehotelsafe.Takethemoutonlyasyouneedthem.Itiswisenottoshowalotofjewelryanyway.Ifyoumustkeepthingsofvalueinyourroom,atleastlocktheminasuitcasebeforeyougoout.Keepyoungchildrenwithyouatalltimes.Donotletthemwalkaroundwithoutyou.Domostofyourdaytimeandallofyournighttimesightseeinginthecity’smainareas.Gotootherareasonlywhenyouaresuretheyaresafe.Youcanwalksafelythroughmostbig-citystreetsfromaround8a.m.toearlyevening.Nevergotoparksandbeachesafterdarkorveryearlyinthemorning.Atnight,walkonbusy,well-lightedmainstreets.Donotwalkalone.Useataxiwhenthereisanyquestionofsafetyordistance.Trytotakeataxiownedbyamajorcompany.Besureyoucanseethecitynumberontheoutsideandthedriver’spictureontheinside.Ifyouarenotsureofataxi,askyourhoteldoormanorbellcaptain.InNewYorkCityitisadvisabletotravelonlyinYellowCabs.Ifyouhavesmallchildrenwithyou,givethem,inwriting,thenameofyourhotel，itsphonenumber,andyourroomnumber.Tellthem,iflost,totellapolicemanorcallatelephoneoperatorfromapublicplaceofbusiness.Rememberthattherearelotsofpeopletohelpyou.Policemenandpeopleinhotels,restaurants,stores,andbankscangiveyoudirectionsandinformation.Millionsofpeoplevisitcitieseveryyearinperfectsafetyandhaveagreattime.Followthesesimplerulesandyoucantoo.55、Theauthorstatesthatbigcities.areusuallyverysafearemorefunthansmalltownsaretoodangerousformostvisitors.havealottooffer56、Thisarticlestatesthat.youshouldchooseahotelwithagoodreputationchildrenaresafeiftheyhaveadimeandaphonenumberalockedsuitcaseisthebestplaceformoneyandjewelryD.anyareaofabigcityissafeatnight57、Wecantellfromstatementsmadeinthisarticlethat__.thedrivershouldhavehisnamewrittenonhisuniformnoteverythingthatlookslikeataxiisapropersafetaxionlyyellowtaxisaresafetousealltaxidriversshouldhavetheirpicturesshowinginthefrontwindow58、Thisarticleismainlyabout.choosingtherighthotelthecareofmoneyandotherthingsofvaluesafetyrulestofollowplanningthetrip【原文出處】2016版通用選讀第27課WhenYouTraveltoaLargeCity【參考答案】DABDD【解析】“bigcities”是關(guān)鍵詞，短文第一段。A【解析】第四段首句。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，如果在文中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)帶有“絕對(duì)”含義的詞匯，如：Baresafeif如果就是安全的，Cthebest最佳，D.any……任何……，不會(huì)是正確答案。B【解析】與上一題相同的道理。only只有……、all所有的……。D【解析】很明顯，A、B只是短文的一部分內(nèi)容，C、D容易被混淆。從第3段第一句話(huà)發(fā)現(xiàn)，本文是要提出“suggestionsandsafetyrules”，不僅僅是safetyrules，因此排除CoQuestions59to62arebasedonthefollowingpassage:NegotiationTheincreaseininternationalbusinessandinforeigninvestmenthascreatedaneedforexecutiveswithknowledgeofforeignlanguagesandskillsincross-culturalcommunication.Americans,however,havenotbeenwelltrainedineitherareaand,consequently,havenotenjoyedthesamelevelofsuccessinnegotiationinaninternationalarenaashavetheirforeigncounterparts.Negotiatingistheprocessofcommunicatingbackandforthforthepurposeofreachinganagreement.Itinvolvespersuasionandcompromise,butinordertoparticipateineitherone,thenegotiatorsmustunderstandthewaysinwhichpeoplearepersuadedandhowcompromiseisreachedwithinthecultureofthenegotiation.Inmanyinternationalbusinessnegotiationsabroad,Americansareperceivedaswealthyandimpersonal.ItoftenappearstotheforeignnegotiatorthattheAmericanrepresentsalargemulti-million-dollarcorporationthatcanaffordtopaythepricewithoutbargainingfurther.TheAmericannegotiator’srolebecomesthatofanimpersonalpurveyorofinformationandcash,animagethatsucceedsonlyinunderminingthenegotiation.InstudiesofAmericannegotiatorsabroad,severaltraitshavebeenidentifiedthatmayservetoconfirmthisstereotypicalperception,whilesubvertingthenegotiator’sposition.Twotraitsinparticularthatcausecross-culturalmisunderstandingaredirectnessandimpatienceonthepartoftheAmericannegotiator.Furthermore,Americannegotiatorsofteninsistonrealizingshort-termgoals.Foreignnegotiators,ontheotherhand,mayvaluetherelationshipestablishedbetweennegotiatorsandmaybewillingtoinvesttimeinitforlong-termbenefits.Inordertosolidifytherelationship,theymayoptforindirectinteractionswithoutregardforthetimeinvolvedingettingtoknowtheothernegotiator.Clearly,perceptionsanddifferencesinvaluesaffecttheoutcomesofnegotiationsandthesuccessofnegotiators.ForAmericanstoplayamoreeffectiveroleininternationalbusinessnegotiations,theymustputforthmoreefforttoimprovecross-culturalunderstanding.59、Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthepurposeofnegotiation?Tounderminetheothernegotiator’spositionTocommunicatebackandforthToreachanagreementTounderstandthecultureofthenegotiators60、Theword“undermining”inthelastsentenceofparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto.makingbriefmakingweakmakingknowD.makingclear61、Whatdoestheauthormeanbythestatementinparagraph1:“Americans,however,havenotbeenwelltrainedineitherareaand,consequently,havenotenjoyedthesamelevelofsuccessinnegotiationinaninternationalarenaashavetheirforeigncounterparts”.Becausetheirtrainingisnotasgood,Americansarelesssuccessfulasnegotiatorsthantheirinternationalcounterparts.ForeignbusinesspersonsdonotliketonegotiatewithAmericans,whoarenotwelltrained.TrainingisnotavailableforAmericanswhomustinteractininternationalnegotiations.ForeignbusinesspersonsnegotiatelesseffectivelythanAmericansbecauseoftheirtraining.62、TheparagraphfollowingthepassagemostprobablydiscussesA.knowledgeofforeignlanguagesrelationshipsbetweennegotiatorswaystoincreasecross-culturalunderstandingtraitsthatcausecross-culturalmisunderstanding【出處】原文為新概念優(yōu)美背誦短文50篇：國(guó)際商業(yè)和跨文化交流【參考答案】CBAC【解析】C第二段首句，關(guān)鍵詞：purposeBunderminev.沖蝕；削弱.一的基礎(chǔ)；用陰險(xiǎn)手段毀損。與下一段subvert同義subvert丫.顛覆；暗中破壞；使背叛；使變節(jié)A這句話(huà)比較長(zhǎng)，把幾個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)接詞、連接詞however、consequently去掉就容易理解了。C最后一段的最后一句話(huà)?！緟⒖甲g文】國(guó)際貿(mào)易和海外投資的增加產(chǎn)生了對(duì)具有外語(yǔ)知識(shí)和跨文化交流技巧的經(jīng)理的需求。然而，美國(guó)人在這兩方面未得到良好的訓(xùn)練，因此沒(méi)有在國(guó)際談判中像他們的外國(guó)對(duì)手一樣成功。談判是為了達(dá)成協(xié)議而反復(fù)交流的過(guò)程。它包括說(shuō)服和妥協(xié)。但是為了去進(jìn)行說(shuō)服和妥協(xié)，談判者必須懂得在談判的文化中怎樣說(shuō)服人和怎樣達(dá)成妥協(xié)。在國(guó)外的國(guó)際商務(wù)談判中，美國(guó)人被視為富有和不帶個(gè)人情感。在外國(guó)談判者看來(lái)，似乎美國(guó)人代表著一個(gè)龐大的擁有數(shù)百萬(wàn)資財(cái)?shù)拇笃髽I(yè)，不用進(jìn)一步地討價(jià)還價(jià)就能出得起價(jià)錢(qián)。美國(guó)談判者的角色變成了一個(gè)沒(méi)有個(gè)人感情的信息及現(xiàn)金的供應(yīng)者。對(duì)在國(guó)外的美國(guó)談判者的研究中，我們找出了損害談判者能力的幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)，或許證實(shí)這個(gè)已成定式的看法。尤其引起跨文化誤解的兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)是美國(guó)談判者的直截了當(dāng)和缺乏耐心。此外，美國(guó)談判者經(jīng)常堅(jiān)持實(shí)現(xiàn)短期目標(biāo)，而外國(guó)的談判者會(huì)珍視建立談判者之間的聯(lián)系并愿意為長(zhǎng)期利益投入時(shí)間。為了鞏固這種聯(lián)系，他們會(huì)選擇非直接的交流而不計(jì)較投入用于了解對(duì)方的時(shí)間。明顯地，價(jià)值觀(guān)的不同和理解上的差異影響了談判的結(jié)果和談判者的成功與否。美國(guó)人要在國(guó)際商務(wù)談判中扮演更為有效的角色，他們就必須投入更多的努力提高跨文化的理解力。SectionBDirections.YoushouldanswerQuestions67-75whicharebasedonthefollowingpassages.Markyouranswerontheanswersheet.THEORIESofjobsatisfactionWhatmakessomepeoplemoresatisfiedwiththeirjobsthanothers?Whatunderlyingprocessesaccountforpeople’sfeelingsofjobsatisfaction?Insightintotheseimportantquestionsisprovidedbyvarioustheoriesofjobsatisfaction.Wewilldescribetwoofthemostinfluentialapproaches—Herzberg’stwo-factortheoryandLocke'svaluetheory.Herzberg’stwo-factortheoryThinkaboutsomethingthatmayhavehappenedonyourjobthatmadeyoufeelespeciallysatisfiedordissatisfied.Whatweretheseevents?OverthirtyyearsagoFrederickHerzbergposedthisquestiontomorethan200accountantsandengineers，andcarefullyanalyzedtheirresponses.Whathefoundwassomewhatsurprising:differentfactorsaccountedforjobsatisfactionanddissatisfaction.Althoughyoumightexpectthatcertainfactorsleadtosatisfactionwhentheyarepresent,anddissatisfactionwhentheyareabsent,thiswasnotthecase.Jobsatisfactionanddissatisfactionwerefoundtostemfromdifferentsources.Inparticular,dissatisfactionwasassociatedwithconditionssurroundingthejobs(e.g.workingconditions,pay,security,qualityofsupervision,relationswithothers)ratherthantheworkitself.Becausethesefactorspreventnegativereactions,Herzbergreferredtothemashygiene(ormaintenance)factors.Bycontrast,satisfactionwasassociatedwithfactorsassociatedwiththeworkitselfortooutcomesdirectlyderivedfromit,suchasthenatureoftheirjobs,achievementinthework,promotionopportunities,andchancesforpersonalgrowthandrecognition.Becausesuchfactorswereassociatedwithhighlevelsofjobsatisfaction,Herzbergcalledthemmotivators.Herzberg’sdistinctionbetweenmotivatorsandhygienefactorsisreferredtoasthetwo-factortheoryofjobsatisfaction.ResearchtestingHerzberg’stheoryhasyieldedmixedresults.Somestudieshavefoundthatjobsatisfactionanddissatisfactionwerebasedondifferentfactors,andthattheseareinkeepingwiththedistinctionmadebyHerzberg.Otherstudies,however,havefoundthatfactorslabeledashygieneandmotivatorsexertedstrongeffectsonbothsatisfactionanddissatisfaction,therebycastingdoubtonHerzberg’stheory.Inviewofsuchequivocalevidence,wemustlabelHerzberg’stheoryasanintriguingbutunverifiedframeworkforunderstandingjobsatisfaction.Still,thetheoryisusefulfordescribingtheconditionsthatpeoplefindsatisfyinganddissatisfyingonthejob.Thetheoryhasalsobeenusefulinemphasizingtheimportanceoffactorssuchastheopportunityforpersonalgrowth,recognition,andincreasedresponsibility.Attentiontosuchvariableshasstimulatedmuchoftheresearchandtheoryonjobenlargementandjobenrichment.Inthisway,Herzberg’stheoryhascontributedmuchtothefieldoforganizationalbehaviors,despitethelackofsupportforsomeofitskeypredictions.Locke’sValueTheoryAsecondimportanttheoryofjobsatisfactionisLocke’svaluetheory.Thisconceptualizationclaimsthatjobsatisfactionexiststotheextentthatthejoboutcomes(suchasrewards)andindividualreceivesmatchthoseoutcomesthataredesired.Themorepeoplereceiveoutcomestheyvalue,themoresatisfiedtheywillbe;thelesstheyreceiveoutcomestheyvalue,thelesssatisfiedtheywillbe.Locke’sapproachfocusesonanyoutcomesthatpeoplevalue,regardlessofwhattheyare,andnotnecessarilybasiclower-orderneeds.ThekeytosatisfactioninLocke'stheoryisthediscrepancy(矛盾，不符合之處)betweenthoseaspectsofthejobonehasandthoseonewants;thegreaterthediscrepancy,thelessthesatisfaction.McFarlinandRiceconductedastudythatprovidesgoodsupportforvaluetheory,usingaquestionnaire，theseinvestigatorsmeasuredhowmuchofvariousjobfacets---suchasfreedomtoworkone’sownway,learningopportunities,promotionopportunities,andpaylevel---adiversegroupofworkerswanted,andhowmuchtheyfelttheyalreadyhad.Theyalsomeasuredhowsatisfiedtherespondentswerewitheachofthesefacetsandhowimportanteachfacetwastothem.Asshowninthestatistics,aninterestingtrendemerged:thoseaspectsofthejobaboutwhichrespondentsexperiencedthegreatestdiscrepanciesweretheoneswithwhichtheyweremostdissatisfied,andthosewithwhichtheyexperiencedthesmal