語法運(yùn)用升級版17備考專用-學(xué)姐定語從句

定語從句＊定義＊關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的用法＊限制性定語從句VS非限制性定語從句＊as引導(dǎo)的定語從句＊常見考點(diǎn)＊解題步驟＊鞏固練習(xí)在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句;相當(dāng)于名詞和形容詞的作用。被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。連接先行詞和從句的詞叫做關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞eg:Doyouknowtheman

whospokeatthemeetingjustnow?Thatisthehouse

wherehelivedtenyearsago.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的作用1、引導(dǎo)作用2、替代作用3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)某個成分的作用eg1Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.2Thisisthehousewherehewasborn.3Bill,whowashereyesterday,askedmealotofquestions.1關(guān)系代詞（who,whom,which,that,whose）的指代關(guān)系指人指物在定語從句中的作用who√主語（賓語）whom√賓語which√主語賓語that√√主語賓語whose√√定語23在限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時，關(guān)系詞可用which或that，二者?？梢曰Q；但在下列情況中，只能用that，不用which：

(1)

當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞all,alot,few,much,none,anything,nothing等或被不定代詞all,any,no,much,little,few,every所修飾時。All

thatcanbedonehasbeendone.

Weheardclearlyevery

wordthathesaid.(2)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時。Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetthetickets.(3)當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級所修飾時Isthatthebest

thatyoucando?(4)當(dāng)先行詞被thevery,theonly,thenext,thelast等所修飾時。

ThisistheverybookthatIwanttofind.(5)當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物時

Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplaces

thatimpressedhermost.(6)當(dāng)主句是以which/who開頭的特殊疑問句時

Whichisthecarthatkilledtheboy?

Whoisthegirlthatistalkingthere?(7)在therebe句型結(jié)構(gòu)中

ThereisstillapointthatIcan’tunderstand.(8)定語從句中缺少表語時

Chinaisnotthecountrythatitusedtobe.4在限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指人時，關(guān)系詞可用who(m)或that，二者?？苫Q。但在下列情況中，用who(m)，而不用that：

(1)

當(dāng)先行詞是one,ones,any,few,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everyone,everybody等詞時

Hewasamongthefewwhomanagedtolivethroughtheenemyprisoncamp.注：在非正式文體中可以說：

You’retheonethatknowswheretogo.(2)當(dāng)先行詞是he,they,those,people,person等詞時

He

whowantstocatchfishjustnotmindgettingwet.注：在固定結(jié)構(gòu)的諺語或習(xí)語中，可用hethat…

He

thatpromisestoomuchmeansnothing.(3)當(dāng)先行詞有較長的后置定語修飾時。

Doyouknowthewriterinbluewiththickglasseswhoisspeakingatthemeeting?(4)在分隔式定語從句中，若先行詞指人，為了明確修飾關(guān)系，應(yīng)當(dāng)用who(m)。如：

AnewmasterwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.(5)兩個定語從句同時修飾一個指人的先行詞，第二個定語從句常用who(m)來引導(dǎo)，如：Sheistheonlygirl(that)Iknowwhocanplaytheguitar.5關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的用法關(guān)系副詞一般都等于一個適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~＋which，在從句中作狀語。when=in/at/on/during…+whichwhere=in/at/on/…+whichwhy=for+which1Doyoustillremembertheday_____wewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?2Thisisthefactory________________myfatheronceworked.3Thisisthereason_______________hewaslate.whenwhere/inwhichwhy/forwhich(1)限制性定語從句說明先行詞的情況，對先行詞起限定作用，與先行詞關(guān)系十分密切，不可用逗號隔開，也不可省略，否則全句意義就不完整。

Thisisthetelegramwhichherefersto.Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?(2)非限制性定語從句只是對先行詞作補(bǔ)充說明，沒有限定作用，它與先行詞的關(guān)系比較松散，因而不是關(guān)鍵性的，如果省略，原句的意義仍然完整。這種從句在朗讀時要有停頓，在文字中通常用逗號與主句隔開。ThisnotewasleftbyTom,whowashereamomentago.(3)兩種定語從句的內(nèi)涵不同，限制性定語從句具有涉他性，而非限制性定語從句具有唯一性，這在理解和翻譯時應(yīng)特別注意。

Hisbrother,whoiseighteenyearsold,isaPLAman.（只有一個）

HisbrotherwhoisaPLAmaniseighteenyearsold.（不止一個）引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞有：who,whom,whose,which,as,when和where不可以用that和why另外，非限制性定語從句從意義上講，相當(dāng)于一個并列句，在口語中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人們通常用并列句或簡單句來表達(dá)。

ItoldthestorytoJohn,wholaterdidittohisbrother.

=ItoldthestorytoJohn,andhelatertoldittohisbrother.關(guān)系代詞as可以引導(dǎo)限制性和非限制性定語從句，as在從句中作主語、賓語或表語；引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句常用于下列句式：such+名詞+as…so+形容詞+名詞+as…thesame+名詞+as…像…一樣的，像…之類的和…同樣的1Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.2Let’sdiscussonlysuchquestionsasconcerneveryoneofus.3Wouldyoupleasebuymethesamenovelasyouboughtforbrotheryesterday,Mum?4Asweallknow,Johnisanhonestman.5Thisissodifficultaproblemasnobodyinmyclasscanworkout.Thisissuchadifficultproblemasnobodyinmyclasscanworkout.Thisissuchadifficultproblemthatnobodyinmyclasscanworkitout.Thisissodifficultaproblemthatnobodyinmyclasscanworkitout.比較：定語從句狀語從句狀語從句比較：YourdictionaryisthesameoneasIboughttheotherday.ThedictionaryisthesameonethatIlentyou.不是同一本同一本書考點(diǎn)1關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用在選擇引導(dǎo)詞時，重要的是分析一下定語從句的成分，若從句缺主語、賓語、表語，必須用關(guān)系代詞若從句中不缺主語、賓語或表語，必須用關(guān)系副詞aThisistheplace______________heworks.Thisistheplace__________wevisitedlastyear.bThatwasthetime_____hearrived.Doyoustillrememberthedays_________wespenttogether?cThisisthereason_____________hewent.Thereason__________hegaveuswasquitereasonable.dHisfatherworksinafactory_____radiopartsaremade.Hisfatherworksinafactory_________makesradioparts.where/inwhich(which/that)when(which/that)why/forwhich(which/that)wherewhich/that考點(diǎn)2介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句【1】當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前面時，關(guān)系代詞只能用which/whom/whose

Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.RecentlyIboughtanvase,thepriceofwhich

wasveryreasonable.MrSmith,inwhosedepartmentsheworked,cametoseeher.【2】“復(fù)合介詞短語+關(guān)系代詞”這種結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語從句常與先行詞用都逗號分開，從句常用倒裝語序

Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhich___________________(聳立一棵大樹).【3】介詞+which/whom+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)

Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhich

tolive.=Thepoormanhasnohousetolivein.=Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive.abigtalltreestood1.Doyouknowtheboy________yourmotheristalking?2.Istillremembertheday_______IfirstgottoParis.3.Hegavemesomenovels___________Iamnotveryfamiliar.towhomwithwhichonwhichThisisthechildwho/

whom/thatIwilllookafter.5.譯：這是我要照顧的小孩。4.Hegavemesomenovels___________

Iamnotveryfamiliarwith.which/that/不填7.(06浙江)Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst______Ireallyenjoyed.A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which6.Irecognizedthebossin

companymysisterwasworking.

whose做題技巧?3.______isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.4.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_____surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.Aswhichas\that\which1.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanlift.2.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanliftit.asthat考點(diǎn)3as的用法歸納：as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句先行詞前常被such,thesame,so,as修飾，即構(gòu)成such…as,thesame…as,so…as,結(jié)構(gòu)，做題時容易忽略。as在定語從句中應(yīng)充當(dāng)成分：主語、賓語或表語。as

與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句都能指代整句內(nèi)容，但定語從句位于句首時，只能用

as,意為“正如、恰如”?！?/p>

as多用于一些習(xí)慣用語中：asanybodycansee

正如人人都能看到的那樣asiswellknown=asisknowntoall眾所周知aswehadexpected

正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣asoftenhappens

正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣ashasbeensaidbefore

如上所述asismentionedabove

正如上面提到的當(dāng)主句中出現(xiàn)such或so時,看后面從句(1)缺主語或賓語,從句前用as(2)不缺主語和賓語,從句前用that當(dāng)主句中出現(xiàn)thesame時,后面從句缺主語或賓語時與as搭配表同一類事物,與that搭配表同一個事物做題技巧?是否缺主語或賓語:在正式文體中，通常以inwhich或that引導(dǎo)，Thewayinwhichyouansweredthequestionswasadmirable.但在非正式文體中，人們通常省略inwhich或that

Theway(inwhich)hespoketouswassuspicious.

Idon’tliketheway(that)youlaughather.考點(diǎn)4theway為先行詞Theway__youthoughtoftosolvetheproblemiswonderful.AwhichBinwhichCwhomDwhoseIdon’tlike___youlearnEnglish.AthewayBthewayinthatCthewaywhichDthewayofwhich1.I’vecometothepointwhereIcan’tstandhim.2.Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.我已經(jīng)到了無法容忍他的地步了。國家正處在隨時有可能爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭的局勢中。where引導(dǎo)的定語從句先行詞大多數(shù)情況下是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，但也有特殊情況?？键c(diǎn)5一些特殊詞之后的where解析：如果定語從句分別修飾point,situation,part,condition和case等表示抽象意義的詞，常用where引導(dǎo)，意思是“到了某種地步，在某種境況中”。1.Wearetryingtoreachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.（06山東）

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when2.---Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?---Yes,there’sonepoint____wemustinsiston.（06江西）

A.whyB.whereC.howD./高考題鏈接：做題要靈活：要分析句子成分，選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞。1.Wefeedchildren_____arehungry.AwhomwethinkBwhowethinkCwethinkwhoDwethinkwhom2.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetoscience.AwhichIthinkisBwhichIthinkitisCwhichIthinkitDIthinkwhichitis考點(diǎn)6注意插入語考點(diǎn)7定語從句中的主謂一致1I,who___yourhusband,shouldberesponsibleforyou.(be)2Heisoneofthestudentswho____beentoAmerica.Heisthe(only)oneofthestudentswho____beentoAmerica.(have)3Toownacomputerinfamilies,whichwethought____impossible20yearsago,nowestrue.(be)amhavehaswas考點(diǎn)8what與定語從句引導(dǎo)詞which/that1Finally,thethiefhandedeverything__hehadstolentothepolice.AwhichBwhatCwhateverDthat2Hecamelateagain,___madehisteacherveryangry._____madetheteacherangrywasthathecamelateagain._____madetheteacherangrythathecamelateagain.AitBwhatCwhichCBA1I’lldoeverythingall/everythingIcan___you.

AhelpBtohelp2Theyspentasmuchtimeastheycould_____ontheproject.

AworkBworking3Afteraheateddiscussion,theyagreedonthewayIthoughtof___theproblem.AsolveBsolvingCtosolve4TheletterI’mlookingforwardto___thismorning.

AarrivedBarrivingCarriveThetheorytheystuckto____right.

AprovingBprovedCwasproved考點(diǎn)9與定語從句有關(guān)的句子5Heoftenspeaksofthetroublehe____helpingtheorphan.Heoftenspeaksofthetroublehe______tohelptheorphan.AhadBfoundedCtakenDtook6.Witheverythingsheneeded_____,shewenthome.AbuyBtobuyCbought考點(diǎn)9與定語從句有關(guān)的句子hadtook8Thereare55studentsintheirclass,mostof________areboys.9Thereare55studentsintheirclass,mostofthem________boys.10Thereare55studentsintheirclass_______mostofthemareboys.whom(being)and

where\that1.Thisisthelibrary_____Iborrowedthebook.2.Itisfromthislibrary____Iborrowedthebook.where定語從句that強(qiáng)調(diào)句型定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句3.---WheredidyoulastseeMr.Smith?---Itwasinthehotel____Ilived.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when

近年來，高考對定語從句和其它從句如：強(qiáng)調(diào)句、名詞性從句和狀語從句等的綜合考查越來越多，這就要求考生有扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識和較強(qiáng)的綜合分析能力?？键c(diǎn)10綜合考查定語從句與同位語從句1.Weallhaveheardthenews_____ourteamwon.2.Wedon’tbelieveinthenews_________hetoldusyesterday.that(that/which)定語從句與表語從句Theplace____thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_____thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.（05江蘇）

A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich◆that/which＊不能無先行詞＊找準(zhǔn)先行詞＊看成分判斷關(guān)系詞（主要看在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分）對比訓(xùn)練與鞏固1.Weshouldgototheplace_____wearemostneeded.2.Weshouldgototheplace_____needsusmost.A.itB.whereC.thatD.whatBC對比訓(xùn)練

1.ItwasOctober_____wemetinDamiaoforthefirsttime.2.ItwasinOctober_____wemet