高考沖刺英語閱讀理解課堂練（13）答案解析

2020高考英語：閱讀理解課堂練（13）PassageTwenty--Five(KillingintheNameofGod

UgandanDeathsSpotlightRiseofCults)

Howcouldfaithbegetsuchevil?AfterhundredsofmembersofaUgandancult,theMovementfortheRestorationoftheTenCommandmentsofGod,diedinwhatfirstappearedtobeasuicidalfireinthevillageofKanungutwoweeksago,policefound153bodiesburiedinacompoundusedbythecultinBuhunga,25milesaway.Wheninvestigatorssearchedthehouseofacultleaderinyetanothervillage,theydiscovered155bodies,manyburiedundertheconcretefloorofthehouse.Thenscoresmoreweredugupatacultmember’shome.Somehadbeenpoisoned;others,often-youngchildren,strangled.Byweek’send,Ugandanpolicehadcounted924victims–includingatleast530whoburnedtodeathinsidethesealedchurch–exceedingthe1978JonestownmasssuicideandkillingsbyfollowersofAmericancultleaderJimJonesthatclaimed913lives.

Authoritiesbelievetwoofthecult’sleaders,JosephKibwetere,a68-year-oldformerRomanCatholiccatechismteacherwhostartedthecultin1987,andhis“prophetess,”CredoniaMwerinde,bysomeaccountsaformerprostitutewhoclaimedtospeakfortheVirginMary,maystillbealiveandontherun.ThepairhadpredictedtheworldwouldendonDec.31,1999.Whenthatdidn’thappen,followerswhodemandedthereturnoftheirpossessions,whichtheyhadtosurrenderonjoiningthecult,mayhavebeensystematicallykilled.

TheUgandancarnagefocusesattentionontheproliferationofreligiouscultsinEastAfrica’simpoverishedruralareasandcityslums.AccordingtotheinstituteforthestudyofAmericanreligion,whichresearchescultsandsects,therearenowmorethan5,000indigenouschurchesinAfrica,somewithapocalypticorrevolutionaryleanings.OnesuchgroupistheJerusalemChurchofChristinNairobi’sKawangwaraslums,ledbyMarySnaida-Akatsa,or“mommy”assheisknowntoherthousandsoffollowers.Sheprophesiesabouttheendoftheworldandaccusessomemembersofbeingwitches.Onedaythebroughta“specialvisitor”tochurch,anIndianSikhmansheclaimedwasJesus,andtoldherfollowersto“repentorpaytheconsequences.”

MostexpertssayAfrica’shardshipspushpeopletoseekhopeinreligiouscults.“Thesegroupsthrivebecauseofpoverty,”saysCharlesOnyangoObbo,editoroftheMonitor,anindependentnewspaperinUganda,andacloseobserverofcults.“Peoplehavenosupport,andthey’resusceptibletoanyonewhoisabletotapintotheirinsecurity.”Additionally,theysay,AIDS,whichhasravagedEastAfrica,mayalsobreedafatalismthathelpsapocalypticnotionstakeroot.

SomeAfricansturntocultsafterrejectingmainstreamChristianchurchesas“Western”or“non-African.”AgnesMasitsa,30,whousedtoattendaCatholicchurchbeforeshejoinedtheJerusalemChurchofChrist,saysofCatholicism:“It’sdull.”

Catholicicons.Yet,theUgandandoomsdaycult,likemanyofthesects,drewonfeaturesofRomanCatholicism,astrongforceintheregion.Catholiciconswereprominentinitsbuildings,andsomeofitsleadersweredefrockedpriests,suchasDominicKataribabo,32,whoreportedlystudiedtheologyintheLosAngelesareainthemid-1980s.Hehadtoldneighborshewasdiggingapitinhishousetoinstallarefrigerator;policehavenowrecovered81bodiesfromunderthefloorand74fromafieldnearby.PoliceareunsurewhetherKataribabodiedinthechurchfire.

Still,thereisthequestion:Howcouldsomanykillingshavebeencarriedoutwithoutdrawingattention?VillagerswereawareofKibwetere’ssect,whosefollowerscommunicatedmainlythroughsignlanguageandapparentlywereapprehensiveaboutviolatinganyofthecult’scommandments.Thereweresuspicions.UgandanpresidentYoweriMsevenitoldtheBBCthatintelligencereportsaboutthedangerousnatureofthegrouphadbeensuppressedbysomegovernmentofficials.OnThursday,policearrestedanassistantdistrictcommissioner,theRev.AmootiMutazindwa,forallegedlyholdingbackareportsuggestingthecultposedasecuritythreat.

Now,therearecallsforAfricangovernmentstomonitorcultsmoreclosely.SaysGilbertOgutu,aprofessorofreligiousstudiesattheUniversityofNairobi:“Whencultleaderslosesupport,theybecomedangerous.”1.WhydidsomayUgandansdieinfaith?A.Manyofthemwerekilledforaskingforthereturnoftheirpossessions.B.Theyfoundthecult’sleadershadcheatedthem.C.Theylostfaithincults.D.Theyarewillingtodie.2.Themainreasonofpeople’sjoiningthecultsis______.A.poverty.B.insecurity.C.AIDS.D.fatalism.3.WhatdoesMarySnaideAkatsaprophesy?A.Sheprophesiestheworldwillbeflooded.B.Sheprophesiestheworldwillbeinfire.C.Sheprophesiesabouttheendoftheworld.D.Sheprophesieshefollowersshoulddieinfaith.4.WhydosomeAfricansrejectChristianChurches?A.TheyfeelChristianityisdull.TheyrejectChristianChurchesasWesternornon-African.C.Theyaresusceptible.D.Theyaredangerouspersons.5.Howcouldsomanykillinghavebeencarriedoutwithoutdrawingattention?A.Thecultactedsecretly.B.Thegovernmentofficialsdidnotseethroughitsdangerousnature.C.Therewerenopreventivemeasures.D.Peoplewerefrightened.Vocabulary

產(chǎn)生，引起，招致

祭禮，狂烈的崇拜（者），迷信，邪教

院子，場地

扼死，悶死

殘殺，大屠殺，成堆的尸體

教理問答

預言者，先知therun

在逃

擴散，繁殖

本土的，土生土張的

（基督教）啟事（錄）《圣經(jīng)新約》susceptible

易受人影響

蹂躪，劫掠

宿命論

預警

（東正教）圣像

世界末日

耶路撒冷，喻：天堂

肯尼亞

內(nèi)羅畢，肯尼亞首都

嬤嬤＝mother

懺悔

錫克教（信徒）

免去……圣職的。這里指：免去圣職的牧師

宗教小組

提問難句譯注1.…theMovementfortherestorationoftheTenCommandmentsofGod…【結(jié)構簡析】Tencommandments十戒，是圣經(jīng)中上帝再西奈山上給予摩西（猶太人的古代領袖）十大行為的神圣準則：a)

havenoothergod.b)

Donotmakeorwarshipidols.c)

Donottakethewordofthelordinvain.d)

KeeptheSabbathholy.e)

Honorone’sfatherandmother.f)

Donotkill.g)

Donotcommitadultery.h)

Donotsteal.i)

Donotgivefalseevidence.j)

Donotcovetanother’spropertyorwife.這十戒為猶太教、基督教的教條。【參考譯文】這是烏干達回復上帝十戒運動頭目以上帝的名義在2000年屠殺了924名信徒。2.the1978JonestownmasssuicideandkillingsbyfollowersofAmericancultleaderJimJonesthatclaimed913lives.這是指美國的一個邪教組織――人民圣殿教。1978年11月19日教徒在教主JimJones的蒙騙或脅迫下在圭亞那集體自殺或扼殺（或強制和下Kool-Aid）或遭襲擊而死。人數(shù)高達913。此后Jones一詞意為殘忍的人。殺人的地點就成為Jonestown。3.theyaresusceptibletoanyonewhoisabletotapintotheirinsecurity.【參考譯文】他們易受任何人的影響，這些人能利用他們不安的情緒。4.drewonfeaturesofRomanCatholicism.【參考譯文】利用羅馬天主教義等特點。寫作方法與文章大意

文章以因果寫作方法，先提出各種邪教殘害的人數(shù)，然后一一點出邪教興起的原因：人民貧窮、艾滋病之猖獗，為宿命論提供了溫床。加上邪教頭目種種欺騙手段：如世界末日來臨利用一些正教教義或以基督、圣母瑪利亞的身份出現(xiàn)控制、麻木信徒，一旦欺騙手段暴露信徒就慘遭殺害。答案詳解1.

A許多人由于要歸還他們的財產(chǎn)而遭到殺害。答案見第二段倒數(shù)第二句，這一對邪教領袖曾預言世界將于1999年12月31日借宿――世界末日來臨。結(jié)果并沒有發(fā)生，追隨者就要求歸還他們在入教時獻上的一切，而遭到有計劃有步驟地殺害。B.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)邪教頭目欺騙他們。這只是起因之一，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)后不吭聲也許不會遭劫。C.他們對邪教失去了信任。D.他們愿意去死。2.

A貧窮。主要原因就是窮。答案見第四段。許多專家認為非洲之艱苦生活促使人民在邪教中尋找希望。這些邪教群體之興起就是因為貧窮。人民沒有支柱、保障，很容易受影響。任何人都可利用他們不安的情緒。其次艾滋病在東非之猖獗，培育出宿命論觀點，從而幫助預示可怕事情即將來臨的思想扎根于心靈。B.不安全。C.艾滋病。D.宿命論。3.

C她預言世界末日。A.她預言世界將遭水淹。B.她預言世界將燒光。D.她預言她的追隨者將死于信仰。4.B他們把基督教會視為西方的或非非洲的而拒之門外。見第五段：有些非洲人在把基督教會視作西方的或非非洲的而拒之門外后皈依邪教。A.認為基督教非常沉悶單調(diào)。C.他們易受影響。D.他們是一伙危險人物。5.

A邪教行動神秘。例：第一段中描述的好幾百烏干達邪教組織成員死于初看好像是自殺性的火焰之中（自焚），在一個場院誘發(fā)現(xiàn)了153具尸體，在搜查邪教頭目的房子中又發(fā)現(xiàn)了156具尸體，許多埋于房子的混凝土地板下面，還有好幾十具從邪教成員家中挖出，其中有些人被毒死。其他，特別是孩子都是扼殺（窒息而死）。共計924人，至少有530人燒死在封閉的教堂里。倒數(shù)第三段，烏干達世界末日邪教一個頭目――免去圣職的牧師，據(jù)說80年代中他研究神學，他告訴鄰居他在家挖一個地窖放冰箱?，F(xiàn)在警察發(fā)現(xiàn)地板下81具尸體，附近一場地74具尸體。上述兩例都是神秘殺害，至于要歸還財產(chǎn)之人更遭神秘殺害了。B.政府官員沒有看出邪教的危險性（原因之一）。C.沒有防范措施。D.人民害怕。PassageTwenty--Six(EqualityofopportunityinthetwentiethCenturyHasNotDestroyedtheClassSystem)

Thesedayswehearalotofnonsenseaboutthe‘greatclasslesssociety’.Theideathatthetwentiethcenturyistheageofthecommonmanhasbecomeoneofthegreatclichésofourtime.Thesameoldargumentsareputforwardinevidence.Herearesomeofthem:monarchyasasystemofgovernmenthasbeencompletelydiscredited.Themonarchiesthatsurvivehavebeendeprivedofallpoliticalpower.Inheritedwealthhasbeensavagelyreducedbytaxationand,intime,thegreatfortuneswilldisappearaltogether.Inanumberofcountriesthevictoryhasbeencomplete.Thepeoplerule;thegreatmillenniumhasbecomeapoliticalreality.Buthasit?Closeexaminationdoesn’tbearouttheclaim.

Itisafallacytosupposethatallmenareequalandthatsocietywillbeleveledoutifyouprovideeverybodywiththesameeducationalopportunities.(Itisdebatablewhetheryoucaneverprovideeveryonewiththesameeducationalopportunities,butthatisanotherquestion.)Thefactisthatnaturedispensesbrainsandabilitywithatotaldisregardfortheprincipleofequality.Theoldrulesofthejungle,‘survivalofthefittest’,and‘mightisright’arestillwithus.Thespreadofeducationhasdestroyedtheoldclasssystemandcreatedanewone.Rewardsarebasedonmerit.For‘a(chǎn)ristocracy’read‘meritocracy’;inotherrespects,societyremainsunaltered:theclasssystemisrigidlymaintained.

Genuineability,animalcunning,skill,theknackofseizingopportunities,allbringmaterialrewards.Andwhatisthefirstthingpeopledowhentheybecomerich?Theyusetheirwealthtosecurethebestpossibleopportunitiesfortheirchildren,togivethem‘a(chǎn)goodstartinlife’.Forallthelipservicewepaytotheideaofequality,wedonotconsiderthiswronginthewesternworld.Privateschoolswhichofferunfairadvantagesoverstateschoolsarenotbannedbecauseoneoftheprinciplesinademocracyisthatpeopleshouldbefreetochoosehowtheywilleducatetheirchildren.Inthisway,thenewmeritocracycanperpetuateitselftoacertainextent:anablechildfromawealthyhomecansucceedfarmorerapidlythanhispoorercounterpart.Wealthisalsousedindiscriminatelytofurtherpoliticalends.Itwouldbealmostimpossibletobecometheleaderofademocracywithoutmassivefinancialbacking.Moneyisaspowerfulaweaponaseveritwas.

Insocietieswhollydedicatedtotheprincipleofsocialequality,privilegedprivateeducationisforbidden.Butevenherepeoplearerewardedaccordingtotheirabilities.Infact,sogreatistheneedforskilledworkersthattheleastablemaybeneglected.Brightchildrenarecarefullyandexpensivelytrainedtobecomefuturerulers.Intheend,allpoliticalideologiesboildowntothesamething:classdivisionspersistwhetheryouareruledbyafeudalkingoraneducatedpeasant.1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Equalityofopportunityinthetwentiethcenturyhasnotdestroyedtheclasssystem.B.Equalitymeansmoney.C.Thereisnosuchsocietyasclasslesssociety.D.Naturecan’tgiveyouaclasslesssociety.2.Accordingtotheauthor,thesameeducationalopportunitiescan’tgetridofinequalitybecause_______.A.theprinciple‘survivalofthefittest’exists.B.Natureignoresequalityindispensingbrainsandability.C.Materialrewardsareforgenuineability.D.Peoplehavethefreedomhowtoeducatetheirchildren.3.Whocanobtainmorerapidsuccess_______.A.thosewithwealth.B.Thosewiththebestbrains.C.Thosewiththebestopportunities.D.Thosewhohavetheabilitytocatchatopportunities.4.Whydoestheauthorsaythenewmeritocracycanperpetuateitselftoacertainextent?Because_______.A.moneydecideseverything.B.Privateschoolsofferadvantagesoverstateschools.C.Peoplearefreetochoosethewayofeducatingtheirchildren.D.Wealthisusedforpoliticalends.5.Accordingtotheauthor,‘classdivisions’refersto_______.A.therichandthepoor.B.Differentopportunitiesforpeople.C.Oppressorandtheoppressed.D.Geniusandstupidity.Vocabulary

損害，破壞，敗壞（某人的名聲），不可信

國王，女皇，君主政體

千年

themillennium

千僖年out

證實out

（升跌之后）呈平穩(wěn)狀態(tài)

英才管理，英才教育，能人統(tǒng)治

技巧，訣竅

使永久，永存或持續(xù)

不加鑒別的，不加分析的，任意的down

歸結(jié)為……難句譯注Closeexaminationdoesn’tbearouttheclaim.【參考譯文】深入探索證實此斷言不確。（也就是說太平盛世并沒有成為政治現(xiàn)實）。2.mightisright諺語：強權即公理。3.Forallthelipservicewepaytotheideaofequality,wedonotconsiderthiswronginthewesternworld.【結(jié)構簡析】lip-service口惠而實不至。EX:Hepayslip-servicetofeminismbuthiswifestilldoesallthehousework.他口口聲聲說支持女權主義，但全部家務仍是他妻子的事?！緟⒖甲g文】我們口口聲聲贊揚平等思想，我們在西方世界中并不認為這一思想事錯誤的。4.Intheend,allpoliticalideologiesboildowntothesamething:classdivisionspersistwhetheryouareruledbyafeudalkingoraneducatedperson.【參考譯文】最終，一切政治意識，都歸結(jié)為一件事：不論你是由封建國王統(tǒng)治還是英才統(tǒng)治，階級區(qū)分依然存在。寫作方法與文章大意

這是一篇對“無階級社會和人人平等”論點的駁斥文章。作者從四個方面進行論述。1、天賦的才能和智慧與平等原則無關。2、“適者生存，強權即公理”依然存在。3、人獲得的報酬是取決于人的才能而不是平等。4、金錢的作用，它不僅可以培育有能力的人，還是政治的后盾。只有金錢加能力是