(珍藏版)高考非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

高考語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)系列一什么叫非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞？與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有什么區(qū)別？二非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有哪些？有哪些具體的不同形式？三不同的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系是什么？四非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中通常作什么成分？要點(diǎn)知識(shí)檢查及重難點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)與提醒

一、什么叫非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞？與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有什么區(qū)別？非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就是不能作句子謂語(yǔ)而具有其他語(yǔ)法功能的動(dòng)詞。①Atlast,wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand_____downtoeatourpicniclunch.(2005上海）

A.sittingB.havingsatC.tositD.satD②Pricesofdailygoods_____throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.arebought B.bought C.havebeenboughtD.buyingB非謂語(yǔ)不定式（todo)過(guò)去分詞(-ed)-ing分詞-ed

分詞二非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有哪些？非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有哪些不同的形式？

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

一般式完成式

一般式完成式動(dòng)詞不定式過(guò)去分詞tobedonetohavebeendonebeingdonehavingbeendone及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞既表示被動(dòng)又表示動(dòng)作已完成,個(gè)別動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞只表示完成(多數(shù)為不及物動(dòng)詞)主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式todotohavedonedoinghavingdone不定式除一般式、完成式以外還有__________進(jìn)行式done-ing分詞

三非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系是什么？

弄清非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之間的先后關(guān)系是解題的關(guān)鍵所在

非謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式在謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作之后與謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作之前todo/tobedonetodo/tobedone/tobedoing;doing/beingdone;

done;tohavedone/tohavebeendone;havingdone/havingbeendone非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)主補(bǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)不定式-ing分詞過(guò)去分詞四非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中通常作什么成分？

不定式和ing分詞均能作主語(yǔ)，二者有何區(qū)別？

1.表示某一具體的動(dòng)作時(shí)，多用不定式；表示比較抽象的一般行為傾向的，多用動(dòng)名詞。

2.動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)通常位于句首；不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常置于句末，用it作形式主語(yǔ)放在句首。

1)

Smokingisprohibited(禁止)here.2)Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch.

(抽象)(具體)

Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.若主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)保持形式上的一致。

1).It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview.________theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohaveB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having2).Infact_____isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantmatch.A.thisB.thatC.thereD.itDD下列句型中常用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ):Itis/wasnouse/goodnotanyuse/goodoflittleuse/gooduseless+doingsth.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)主補(bǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)不定式-ing分詞過(guò)去分詞√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可作賓語(yǔ),有何區(qū)別？2.有些動(dòng)詞后只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)3.有些動(dòng)詞后既可以跟不定式又可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，意義上無(wú)多大區(qū)別4.有些動(dòng)詞后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但意義上有明顯差別1.有些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)

1.有些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，如：

……

manage,promise,pretend,plan,offer,agree,ask,dare,choose,fail,help(幫助)，want(想要),refuse等。

2.有些動(dòng)詞后只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，如：……practise,appreciate,dislike,excuse,forgive,keep,resist,risk,deny,advise,fancy,complete,forbid,permit,allow,stand,referto,giveup,leadto,taketo,setabout,getdownto,objectto,succeedin,havedifficultyin...

1)Ican’tstand______withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_____talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop2)Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk____thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglostCB3.有些動(dòng)詞如begin,start;love,like,hate,prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分詞作賓語(yǔ)，意義上無(wú)多大區(qū)別(但ing分詞一般表示經(jīng)常性的行為；不定式表示具體的行為)。

Ilike__________verymuch,butIdon'tlike_________thisafternoon.

A.swimming,swimming

B.toswim,toswimC.swimming,toswim

D.toswim,swimmingCLittleJimshouldlove__________tothetheatrethiseveningA.tobetaken

B.totake

C.beingtaken

D.taking如果like,love,prefer前有would/should,

后面則應(yīng)該接動(dòng)詞不定式。

AAwouldlike還有哪些用法？思考：下列情況中動(dòng)詞后接不定式還是接ing分詞作賓語(yǔ)呢？OnlythendidIbegin__________________(see)shewasreallygoodtome.Themomenthereturnedhome,Iwasstarting/beginning____________________(cook)supper.Thewaterbegan________________(freeze).4.有些動(dòng)詞后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但意義上有明顯差別。討論：有哪些單詞或短語(yǔ)？

goon(stop/remember/regret)todo/doingcan’thelptodo/doingbeusedtodo/doing(getusedtodoing)(usedtodo)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)主補(bǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)不定式-ing分詞過(guò)去分詞√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√Childrenshouldbeallowed______theirowndecisions.A.makingB.tomakeC.makeD.havingmade

BMyadvisorencouraged_____asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake

D1.能接帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：

ask,advise,tell,force,get,allow,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,intend,expect,encourage,persuade,permit,request,order,warn,cause等。使役動(dòng)詞，感官動(dòng)詞接不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；和帶to的不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的使役動(dòng)詞有make,let,have等；感官動(dòng)詞有see,hear,watch,observe,notice,feel以及l(fā)ookat,listento等。

翻譯：你寧愿讓誰(shuí)和你一起去？3.不定式和分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表達(dá)的意義不同。

①I(mǎi)heardher______(sing)anEnglishsongjustnow.②Iheardher________(sing)anEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.③IheardtheEnglishsong______(sing)manytimes.(4)IheardtheEnglishsong____________(sing)whenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.singsingingsungbeingsung非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)主補(bǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)不定式-ing分詞過(guò)去分詞√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√

不定式、ing分詞和過(guò)去分詞都可以作定語(yǔ)，主要區(qū)別在于它們的時(shí)態(tài)意義和語(yǔ)態(tài)意義。

不定式作定語(yǔ)和被修飾的名詞具有“動(dòng)賓關(guān)系”,即被修飾的名詞是不定式的動(dòng)作的承受者;如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，就要在不定式動(dòng)詞后加上相應(yīng)的介詞分詞作定語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別是：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行之意；過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)與完成；而不定式表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之后即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：①Thequestion__________(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofquiteimportance.②Thequestion_____________(discuss)atthemeetingnowisofquiteimportance.③Thequestion______________(discuss)atthemeetingtomorrowisofquiteimportance.discussedbeingdiscussedtobediscussed注：ing分詞作定語(yǔ)有時(shí)意義不同：

flyingfish

飛魚(yú)

arunningdog

走狗

afallingtide

落潮

acryingboy

哭著的孩子

arunningmachine aswimmingpool awaitingroom awalkingstick afishingpole areadingroom非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)主補(bǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)不定式-ing分詞過(guò)去分詞√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√

能作狀語(yǔ)的有不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。作什么樣的狀語(yǔ)往往取決于它們的位置和在句中的意義。Practise1).When_______(heat)waterwillbechangedintovapour.While_______(heat)water,wecanchangeitintovapour.2)______(see)fromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful._______(see)fromthehill,youwillfindthecitybeautiful.3)Generallyspeaking,when________(take)accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.If________(take)thedrugaccordingtothedirections,youwillbebettersoon.

heatedheatingSeenSeeingtakentaking分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的邏輯主語(yǔ)問(wèn)題

分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須同句子的主語(yǔ)一致；如果不一致，需在分詞前加一個(gè)邏輯主語(yǔ)，分詞和它的邏輯主語(yǔ)合稱(chēng)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或用狀語(yǔ)從句。

1)

Beinganorphan,thenursetreatedhimkindly.2)Hebeinganorphan,thenursetreatedhimkindly.3)Ashewasanorphan,thenursetreatedhimkindly.

FTT(Trueorfalse)現(xiàn)在分詞與不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別

1).Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_________itthemostpopularsportintheworld.(NMET1998)

A.makingB.makesC.makeD.tomake

2).Hehurriedtothestationonly________thatthetrainhadleft.(2005廣東)A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound

現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)往往表示“正常出現(xiàn)的、自然而然的或意料之中”的結(jié)果。不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一種結(jié)果

AA非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)主補(bǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)不定式-ing分詞過(guò)去分詞√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√

動(dòng)名詞做表語(yǔ)是對(duì)主語(yǔ)內(nèi)容的解釋解或用來(lái)表示“身份、職業(yè)”等。這時(shí)主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)位置可以互換

①Themainjoboftheantqueenislayingeggs.

②

Ourworkisservingthepeople．

表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞如excite,interest等都是及物動(dòng)詞，漢語(yǔ)注解不是“激動(dòng)”、“高興”，而是“使得激動(dòng)”、“使高興”，因而現(xiàn)在分詞應(yīng)該是“令人激動(dòng)的”、“令人高興的”，過(guò)去分詞則是“感到激動(dòng)的”和“感到高興的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。換句話說(shuō)，若人對(duì)……感興趣，就是somebodyisinterestedin...，若人/物本身有趣時(shí)，就是sb./sth.isinteresting?，F(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別delighting令人高興的——delighted感到高興的disappointing令人失望的——disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的——encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的——pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人費(fèi)解的——puzzled感到費(fèi)解的satisfying令人滿意的——satisfied感到滿意的surprising令人驚異的——surprised感到驚異的worrying令人擔(dān)心的——worried感到擔(dān)心的

動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞或人稱(chēng)代詞賓格、名詞所有格或普通格加動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成。

1)

LiPing’s/Myhelpinghermovedherdeeply.2)Iappreciateyour/you/LiPing’s/LiPingcomingtoseeme.3)Isthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthematch?4)Whatmademeangrywasmanystudentsfailingintheexam.

(動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ),其邏輯主語(yǔ)用賓格或所有格均可)(動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ),其邏輯主語(yǔ)用所有格)(邏輯主語(yǔ)是無(wú)生命名詞時(shí),只用普通格)(以-s結(jié)尾的名詞,只用普通格)1)Iwouldappreciate_____backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.you’recalling2)________madehermotherveryangry.A.MarymarryingJimB.Mary’smarriedJimC.Mary’smarryingJimD.Mary’sbeingmarriedJimCC3).Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto______.A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught4).Thenoiseof____couldbeheardoutinthestreet.A.desksopeningandclosingB.desksopenedandclosedC.desksbeingopenedandclosedD.desks’beingopenedandclosedCC獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)：造一個(gè)含有獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的句子Allflights_____becauseofthesnowstorm,wedecidedtotakethetrain.A.werecanceledB.hadbeencanceledC.havingcanceledD.havingbeencanceled2._____foralongtime,mostofthecropsinthisareadiedfromlackingwater.A.BeingnorainB.TherewasnorainC.TobenorainD.Therebeingnorain3.Everything_______intoconsideration,theybelievedthemselvesmoreandreturnedtotheirpositions.A.totakeB.takenC.tobetakenD.takingDDBII.鞏固練習(xí)（

高考真題檢測(cè)）1.—Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withsomuchwork_____mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.（

福建卷）A.filled B.filling C.tofill D.beingfilled2.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork______hegladlyacceptedit.（

安徽卷）finished B.finishing C.havingfinished D.wasfinished3.—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh,yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted_____hisadvice!（

安徽卷）A.totake B.taking C.nottotake D.nottaking4.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_______.（

浙江卷）A.tobeheard B.tohaveheard C.hearing D.beingheard5.______byagreaterdemandforvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses.（

浙江卷）A.Driven B.Beingdriven C.Todrive D.Havingdriven6.Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,not______,andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.（

湖南卷）moved

B.moving C.tomove D.beingmoved7.“Things______nevercomeagain!”Icouldn’thelptalkingtomyself.（

湖南卷）lost B.losing C.tolose D.havelost8.Pleaseremain________untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.（

山東卷）toseat B.tobeseatedC.seating D.seated9.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks_______couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.（

全國(guó)卷II）

A.openedandclosed B.tobeopenedandclosed

C.beingopenedandclosed D.toopenandclose10.Peterreceivedaletterjustnow________hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.（

四川卷）A.said B.saysC.saying D.tosay11.HeisastudentatOxfordUniversity,_____foradegreeincomputerscience.（

北京）studied B.studying C.tohavestudied D.tobestudying12.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_______fortheday.（

重慶卷）finishing B.finished C.hadfinished D.werefinished13.Ismellsomething_______inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?（

全國(guó)I）burning B.burntC.beingburnt D.tobeburnt14.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassentthere_______foraspaceflight.（

江西卷）training B.beingtrained C.tohavetrained D.tobetrained15.—CanIsmokehere?—Sorry.Wedon’tallow________here.（

江蘇卷）

A.peoplesmoking B.peoplesmoke C.tosmoke D.smoking16.Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem_______inhislectures.（

江蘇卷）

A.interested

B.interesting C.interest D.tointerest17.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsinthearea_______.（

陜西卷）

A.needrepairing B.needstorepair C.needsrepairing D.needtorepair19.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance,______inthenaturallightduringtheday.（

天津卷）

A.tolet B.

letting C.let D.havinglet20.Afteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismother’svoice_______him.（

上海卷）

A.calling

B.called C.beingcalled D.tocall21.TheTownHall______inthe1800’swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.（

上海卷）

A.tobecompleted B.havingbeencompleted C.completed

D.beingcompleted（

高考真題檢測(cè)）1(全國(guó)卷I’26)Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_____. A.tobebreathed B.tobreathe C.breathing D.beingbreathed2(全國(guó)卷II’12)Thedirectorhadherassistant___somehotdogsforthemeeting. A.pickedup B.picksup C.pickup D.pickingup3(北京卷’24)______thatshewasgoingofftosleep,Iaskedifshe’dlikethatlittledollonherbed.A.Seeing B.Tosee C.See D.Seen4(北京卷’31)–Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?–Yes.But__it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook. A.tofind B.find C.tofinding D.finding5(北京卷’32)Ifeelgreatlyhonored____intotheirsociety. A.towelcome B.welcoming C.tobewelcomed D.welcomed6(北京卷’35)Itisworthconsideringwhatmakes“convenience”foodssopopular,and___betteronesofyourown. A.introduces B.tointroduce C.introducing D.introduced7(上海春卷’32)Asanewdriver,Ihavetopractise_________thecarinmysmallgarageagainandagain A.parking B.topark C.parked D.park8(上海春卷’34)Duetotheheavyrainandflooding,tenmillionpeoplehavebeenforced_____theirhomes A.leaving B.toleave C.tobeleft D.beingleft9(上海春卷’38)Throughouthistory,thelanguage_____byapowerfulgroupspreadsacrossacivilization A.speaking B.spoken C.tospeak D.tobespoken10(上海春卷’39)Ifwehaveillegalimmigrants________in,manylocalworkerswilllosetheirjobs A.came B.coming C.tocome D.havingcome11(上海卷’30)Mysister,aninexperiencedrider,wasfoundsittingonthebicycle____tobalanceit. A.havingtried B.trying C.totry D.tried12(上海卷’33)Ifthere’salotofwork______,Iamhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished. A.todo B.tobedoing C.done D.doing13(上海卷’35)Somethingassimpleas______somecoldwatermayclearyourmindorrelievepressure. A.todrink B.drinking C.tobedrinking D.drunk14(上海卷’37)Ideally_____forBroadwaytheatresandFifthAvenue,theNewYorkParkisafavouritewithmanyguests. A.locating B.beinglocated C.havingbeenlocatedD.located15(天津卷’04)_____theirhatsintotheair,thefansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsofvictory. A.Tothrow B.Thrown C.Throwing D.Beingthrown16(重慶卷’29)

toreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinsteadA.Fail B.Failed C.Tofail D.Havingfailed17(遼寧卷’27)Hewasbusywritingastory,only______onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette. A.tostop B.stopping C.tohavestopped D.havingstopped18(遼寧卷’31)Pleaseremain______;thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon. A.seating B.seated C.toseat D.tobeseated19(山東卷’35)Lucy’snewjobpaidtwiceasmuchasshehadmade______intherestaurant. A.working B.work C.towork D.worked20(江蘇卷’29)—Theyarequiet,aren’tthey?—Yes.Theyareaccustomed______atmeals. A.totalk B.tonottalk C.totalking D.tonottalking21(江蘇卷’34)TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish______asmuchaswecan. A.speak. B.speaking C.spoken D.tospeak22(江西卷’24)Ihearthey’vepromotedTom,buthedidn’tmention_____whenwetalkedonthephone. A.topromote B.havingbeenpromoted C.havingpromoted D.tobepromoted23(江西卷’28)Wefinishedtheruninlessthanhalfthetime____. A.allowing B.toallow C.allowed D.allows24(安徽卷’30)____inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.A.Towalk. B.Walking C.Walked D.Havingwalked25(浙江卷’10)______thathewasingreatdanger,Ericwalkeddeeperintotheforest. A.Notrealized B.Nottorealize C.Notrealizing D.Nottohaverealized26(浙江卷’13)Itisoneofthefunniestthings______ontheInternetsofar