中西跨文化交際課程情景案例分析報(bào)告

實(shí)用文檔Unit1LanguageandCultureinCommunicationTheoryCommunicationissomethingwedoeveryday.Ittakesplacesonaturallythatwesimplyfailtonoticeituntilithiccupsorbreaksdown.Thoughitiscommonplace,itisnoexaggerationtosaythatcommunicationislifeandlifeiscommunication.1.Whenyoujoinasocialgathering,youmustbeawareofrulesandproceduresthatgovernthewaythingsaregoingtoproceed.Thereisatechnicaltermforsuchrulesandprocedures—schema.2. Faceandpoliteness

are

two

other

areas

which

areextremely

value

—sensitive.

One

of

the

distinctivefeaturesofChinesepolitenessisself

—denigrationandother

—elevation.Case1:Litzisaprofessorofcross—culturalcommunicationinauniversityinFinland.SheinvitedherChinesestudentshomeforaneveningparty.Theschema

from

Litz

’s

point

of

view

includes

thefollowing:1.

Givinginvitation:byphone/bymail實(shí)用文檔2.Prepareeverythingbeforethearrivalofguests3.Receivingguests:openthedoor/expresswelcome/taketheirovercoats/introduceguests/offerthemdrinks/makethemcomfortable4.Servingfood:setthetable/soupfirst/maincourse/desert5.Postdinneractivities:chat/playmusic/offermoredrinks6.Seeingguestsoff:thankthemforcoming/goodnightLitz’seveningpartywasnotverysuccessful,becauseshewasupsetbyoneofherguests.HerewastheinitialconversationbetweenLitzandLin:Litz:(opensthedoor)Oh,Lin,howniceyoucouldcome!Lin:It ’snotdifficulttofindyourhouse.Litz:Comeonin.Lin:( comesin)Litz:CanItakeyourcoat?Lin:No,thanks.Litz:Ok,thiswayplease.Lin:( takeoffhercoatandhangsit )實(shí)用文檔Analysis:LitzwashurtbecauseLindidnotletherhanghercoat.Litz

’sofferingtohangLin

’scoatisoneofLitz’sways(it ’sonLitz ’sschema).OnLin

’sside,shethoughtthatLitzwashersupervisorandthatitwasinappropriatetolethersupervisorhanghercoat.Herewehaveaninstanceofoneactionattachedwithdifferentculturalvalues.Case2:FindinganInterestedBuyerGeorageHallwasinBeijingattendingatradefairandlookingforanopportunitytodobusinessinChina.HehadbeenverysuccessfulinhisbusinessdealingsintheUSandpridedhimselfonhisability“togetthingsmoving.”Hisfirstdaywasgoingwell.Helookedaroundatthedisplaysofsportingequipmenttogetsomeideaofwhomhemightapproach.Hewassurethathisproducts,tennisracketswithanunusualnewdesign,wouldarousesomeinterests.Ontheseconddayheapproachedthecompanywhichhefeltwouldbemostresponsivetohisproducts.Heintroducedhimselftothegeneral,aMr.Li.SincehehadreadthatChinesefindgettingdowntobusiness實(shí)用文檔immediatelytooabruptandrude,hebeganacasualconversation,eventuallyleadinguptothetopicofhisproductsandsuggestinghowMr.Li’scompanymightbenefitfromusingthem.GeorgethensuggestedthathecouldarrangetogettogetherwithMr.Liandprovidemorespecificsanddocumentationonhisproducts.Mr.LirespondedinfairlygoodEnglish,”Thatwouldbeinteresting.”KnowingthathehadonlyafewdaysleftinBeijing,Georgewantedtonaildownatime,”Whencanwemeet?”askedGeorge.“Ah.Thisweekisverybusy,”repliedMr.Li.“Itsureis,”saidGeorge,”Howabout10o’clock?Meetyouhere.”“Tomorrowat10o’clock?”askedMr.Lithoughtfully.“Right,”saidGeorge,“I’llseeyouthen?”“Hmm,yes;whydon’tyoucomebytomorrow,”wasthereply.“OK,”responded George,”It wasnicemeetingyou.”Thenextdayat10o’clock heapproachedMr.Li’scompany’實(shí)用文檔sexhibitonlytofindthatMr.LihadsomeimportantbusinessandwasnotabletomeetwithGeorge.HecalledbacklaterinthedayandwastoldthatMr.Liwasnotavailable.Analysis: 英美人士做事情講究守時(shí)。而中國(guó)人不太重視這方面。本案列中，李先生不僅沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)時(shí)接見(jiàn)預(yù)約的客戶(hù)， 甚至放了他“鴿子”。Case3:ProfessorLianghaswrittenabookonChinesecultureinChinese.HisbookisputondisplayinBeijingInternationalBookFair ’96.ProfessorLiangwouldliketohavehisbooktranslatedintoEnglishandsubmittedtoThompsonPublishers.ProfessorLianghasaskedLiYan,whomhemeetsregularly intheEnglish Corner, tohelphimtotalktoPeterAllright,aThompsonrepresentative.Prof.Liang: 奧萊特先生，這是鄙人的拙作。LiTan:Mr.Allright,thisaclumsybookwrittenbyyourhumbleservant.MrAllright:No,no,no,you'renotmyhumbleservant.WedonotpublishbooksinChinese.LiYan(toProfessorLiang):

不，不，不，你不是我的仆人，我們不出中文書(shū)。實(shí)用文檔ProfessorLiang: 我要請(qǐng)李艷翻譯成英文。LiYan(toMr.Allright):ProfessorLiangwillaskmetotranslateitintoEnglish.Mr.Allright:Mmthat ’sinteresting.Analysis:Chineseauthorsalmostalwaysbelittletheirworksbydescribingthemasclumsywritings,andtheyusethesamedescriptionwhentheypresentthemtoChinesepublishers.ButthiswillEnglish.Instead,authorsshould

becounter—productivepointoutthemeritsof

intheirworksratherthan

“clumsiness

”.Unit2CultureShockTheory:1.Cultureshockcanbedescribedasthefeelingofconfusion anddisorientation that oneexperiences whenfacedwith alarge numberofnewandunfamiliar peopleandsituations.2. There is a desire for independence andseparateness,foundinforeigners'needsfortheirownprivacyandautonomy3. Hospitality meansthe cordial andgenerousreceptionofordispositiontowardguests.4. Politeness refers to the consideration for實(shí)用文檔others,tact,andobservanceofacceptedsocialusage.5.Privacycouldbeunderstoodastherightofanindividual toself-determination astothedegreetowhichtheindividual iswilling tosharewith others informationabouthimself.Case1:Jane,anAmericanteacherintheUS,hadjuststarted teaching English toagroupofJapanesestudents.Shewantedtogettoknowthestudentsmoreformally,sosheinvitedthemtoherhouseforparty.Thestudentsallarrivedtogetheratexactly8:00p.m.Theyseemedtoenjoytheparty:theydanced,sang,andatemostofthefood.Atabout10:00p.m,oneofthestudents saidtotheteacher,“Ithinkit ’stimeformetoleave.Thankyouverymuchfortheparty.”Thenalltheandallleftatthesametime.invitethemagain!

otherstudentsgotuptogo,JanedecidedshewouldneverAnalysis: 在日本以及其他很多的亞洲國(guó)家里， 年輕人通常成群結(jié)隊(duì)的一起去參加一些社交聚會(huì)， 然后一道離去。在他們看來(lái)這是很正常不過(guò)的事。然后 Jane認(rèn)為這是一種侮辱，因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谕粫r(shí)間里一下子全部離開(kāi)了。在美國(guó)以及其他一些英語(yǔ)國(guó)家，晚上10點(diǎn)離開(kāi)一個(gè)聚會(huì)相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)是比較早的。實(shí)用文檔Case2:FourSecretariesandTheirJobsFourclassmatesfromatopChineseuniversityalltookjobsassecretaries after graduation. Fiveyearslater thefourformerclassmateshadareunionanddiscussedtheirjobs.ChenQiandDaiYunbothworkasbilingualsecretariesforaFinnishcompanyinBeijing.ChenQiissecretarytotheFinngeneralmanger,andDaiYunissecretarytotheChineselocal manger,aposition only slightly lowerthanthatoftheFinnmanger.ZhangYingisfromapoliticallyprominentfamilyandwashired as the secretary to the leader of a smallgovernmentbureauinthecapital city ofherhomeprovince.LuYanworksforastaterunenterpriseinthesamecitywhereshewashiredasthesecretarytothenewmanagerfor international marketing. The company has nevermarketeditsproductsabroadbeforesothisofficeandLuYan’spositionarenewtothecompany.FiveyearslaterChenQiissatisfiedwithherjobwiththeFinnishcompanybutDaiYunisnot.TheFinnmanager實(shí)用文檔receivesordersfromthecompany’shomeofficeinFinland,andhegivesorderstothosebelowhiminChina,includinghissecretaryChenQi.Hetellsherhowhewantshistimescheduledandshethenmakesappointmentsforhimaccordingtohisinstructions.ShetranslatesmemosandotherdocumentsandinterpretsfromChinesetoEnglishtoChinese.IfthemanagerdoesnotthinkChenQihasdoneherworkwell,hetellsherrightaway.Heisverydemanding,butChenQifeelsthatsheknowswhatherdutiesareandknowswhathermanagerexpects.Sheisconfidentthatsheisdoingagoodjob.DaiYunoftendoesnothaveasmuchworktodoasChenQidoes,becauseherbossscheduleshisownappointmentsanddoesalotoftheofficepaperworkhimself.Whenheisoutoftownshehastimetostudyforthegraduateentranceexam.However,sheisnotsurewhetherornotsheisdoingagoodjob.Hermanagertellsherwhatsheisexpectedtodo,buthedoesthisdaybyday.Whenpeoplecallorcometotheofficetoseeherboss,shegreetstheminEnglishorChineseasnecessary.Shereceivestheirmemosandothermessagesaswellastheirquestionsandrequestsandpassesthemontohermanager.DaiYunthinks實(shí)用文檔ofherjobasdoingwhathermanagerwantshertodo.Shepayscloseattentiontohismoodsandbehavior,andsometimessheisabletoanticipatewhathewouldlikewithouthimtellingher.Analysis：許多中國(guó)人在外企工作， 不同國(guó)家的外企領(lǐng)導(dǎo)有不同的工作作風(fēng)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本案列中，戴云給不同的外國(guó)上司做秘書(shū)，在工作中出現(xiàn)由于不同的文化沖突而引起的各種工作以及溝通中的問(wèn)題就很常見(jiàn)了。Case3:OnecoldwinterdayinaChinesecity,WangLinonhiswaytothelibrarymetanAmericanprofessorwhoknewverylittleaboutChina.Aftergreetinghim,

Wangsaid:“It

’srathercold.You

’dbetterputonmoreclothes.

”Buttheprofessordidn

’tappearhappyonhearingthis.Analysis: 美國(guó)人以及大部分西方國(guó)家的人們不喜歡被告知要怎么做怎么做，他們比較喜歡獨(dú)立，然而中國(guó)人則習(xí)慣關(guān)心別人，這個(gè)案例中王林的建議表達(dá)的就是一種對(duì)他人的關(guān)心， 可是美國(guó)教授卻不習(xí)慣這樣的表達(dá)。Case4:

In

agoodrestaurant,

fourteen

people

aregatheredto

saygoodbyeto

their

professor,

whoismovingtoanotheruniversity.實(shí)用文檔Steven: MayIhaveyourattention please?I’dlikeuponBentosayafewwords.Ben:Thankyou,Steven.ProfessorShore,colleagues:

to

callTonight

is

oneofthose

paradoxes

---

it

’sasadtimeandyetit ’sahappytime.Sad,because.Wearelosingoneofourbestprofessors;happybecausewearepleasedtoseeProfessorShoregaintherecognitionthatherichlydeserves.I’mnotsurewhowillbeabletocontrolusandkeepusinline.Ithinkthenewprofessorwillhaveadifficulttime.Andsurelynoonewillbeabletotelljokesinthesamewayasyou,Professor.Seriously,weallknowthatyouwillbedifficulttoreplace.Yourscholarlyapproachandyourdedicationwillalwaysberemembered.Iwouldthereforeliketoproposeatoast.Colleagues,pelasechargeyourglasses.ProfessorShore,mayyourfuturebefilledwillgreatsuccess,andmayyoualwaysrememberus.Weknowwewillneverforgetyou.ToProfessorShore!All:(Standingup)ToProfessorShore!(Everyonedrinks.實(shí)用文檔ProfessorShoreremainsseatedandsmilesatthemall.)Analysis：就餐時(shí)總是要在各種緣由下向人敬酒：可以是非正式的，向朋友或同事敬酒；也可以是正式的，向全體聚會(huì)的人敬酒。與中國(guó)式的敬酒大不相同的是，在西方正式的敬酒時(shí)，受敬的人是不能喝酒的，而是正襟危坐，兩眼睜睜看別人喝酒。另一個(gè)不同是：無(wú)論正式還是非正式，敬酒的人不必走過(guò)去敬酒，而是在自己的座位處站起來(lái)敬酒。敬酒時(shí)開(kāi)始的語(yǔ)言永遠(yuǎn)是：“向?”，而其他隨敬酒的人重復(fù)敬酒人的第一句話(huà)（即“向?”），然后喝一口酒。敬酒時(shí)如果舉了杯，說(shuō)了敬詞，而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有喝酒，就會(huì)被看做十分不恭的行為，在很久以前甚至于被認(rèn)為是一種侮辱，是不想加入敬酒的儀式。Case5:AnAmericanwenttoChinesehome.Hewasofferedsometea.Justwhenthefirstcupwasabouttofinish,moreteawasadded.Thevisitordrankthesecondcup.Thenthecupwasfilledthethirdtime.Thenhedrankit,then?untilthevisitorwasquitefull.Why?Analysis: 在中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)文化習(xí)俗里，主人通常會(huì)不斷給客人倒水倒茶，或者不斷地給客人的盤(pán)子里加食物以表示他的熱情好客。面對(duì)的這樣的情況， 中國(guó)客人知道如何處理， 在他們覺(jué)得吃飽喝足之后，就會(huì)隨它放在桌上。而美國(guó)客人就不懂了，在美國(guó)，實(shí)用文檔在自己的盤(pán)子里剩下食物是不禮貌的， 于是他出于遵循美國(guó)文化理念可能會(huì)在這樣的招待中吃的過(guò)多。Case6:DinnerwithFriendJaniceisayoungAmericanengineerworkingforamanufacturingjointventurenearNanjing.SheandherhusbandGeorge,whoisteachingEnglishatauniversity,arelearningChineseandenjoyingtheirnewlife.TheyhavebeeneagertogettoknowChinesepeoplebettersotheywerepleasedwhenLiuLingling,Janice’syoungco-workerinvitedthemtoherhomefordinner.WhenJaniceandGeorgearrived，LinglingintroducedthemtoherhusbandYangFeng,askedthemtositdownatatablecontaining8platesofvariouscolddishes,servedthemteaandthendisappearedwithherhusbandintothekitchen.AfterafewminutesLinglingcamebackandaddedwatertotheirtea.JaniceofferedtohelpinthekitchenbutLinglingsaidshedidn’tneedhelp.SheinvitedthecoupletolookattheirnewCDplayerandtheircolorfulTVandthendisappearedagain.Ahalf-hourlatershecamebackandsatdownandthethreebegantoeat.YangFengcameinfromtimetotimetoput實(shí)用文檔dishafterhotdishonthetable.MostofthefoodwaswonderfulbutneitherGeorgenorJanicecouldeatthefattyporkinpeppersauceortheeacucumbers,andtherewasmuchmorethantheycouldeat.TheykeptwishingYangFengwouldsitdownsotheycouldtalktohim.Finallyhedidsitdowntoeatabit,butquicklyturnedontheTVtoshowthemallitshightechingfeatures.Soonitwastimetogohome.GeorgeandJanicefeltslightlydepressedbythisexperience,butreturnedtheinvitationtwoweekslater.TheydecidedtomakeaniceAmericanmealandfeltluckytofindolives,tomatojuice,crackersandasappetizers.Forthemaincoursetheypreparedspaghettiandasaladwithdressingmadefromoil,vinegar,andsomespicestheyfoundinthemarket.WhenLiuLinglingandYangFengarrivedtheywereimpressedbytheapartmentandaskedthepriceoftheTV,videoplayer,vacuumcleanerandotherthings.Janicepolitelyrefusedtoanswertheirquestions.TheytooksmalltastesoftheappetizersandseemedsurprisedwhenbothGeorgeandJanicesatdownwiththem.Theyateonlyalittlespaghettianddidnotfinishthesaladontheirplates.Georgeurged實(shí)用文檔themtoeatmorebuttheyrefusedandlookedaroundexpectantly.JuniceandGeorgetalkedabouttheirfamiliesandjobsandaskedthetableandservedcoffeeandpastries.YangFengandLinglingeachputfourspoonsofsugarsintotheircoffeebutdidnotdrinkmuchofitandateonlyabiteortwoofpastry.Aftertheyleft,Georgesaidthatatleasttheyhadachancetotalk,butJanicewasupset.“Welefttheirplacesofullthatwecouldn’twalkandthey’regoingtohavetoeatagainwhentheygethome.Whatwentwrong?Analysis：中西方飲食習(xí)慣大大的不同。中國(guó)人邀請(qǐng)客人會(huì)準(zhǔn)備一大桌子的菜，并在就餐過(guò)程中使勁勸說(shuō)客人多吃點(diǎn)，吃完之后，還有剩菜，就表明主人的盛情款待。 而西方人一不勸吃， 二就餐完畢后，盤(pán)子最好是空的。本案列中的兩對(duì)中外夫婦不明這個(gè)文化差異，發(fā)生誤解就是自然而然的事了。Case7:After themealandafter thetable hasbeencleared.Liuisnotsurewhattodo,butwantstohelpinsomeway.Atleasthewantstooffer.Helen:Thanksforyourhelp,Huang.Liu:Pleasure.WhatcanIdonow?Helen:

Nothing.

It

’sfine.

I’ll

rinse

these

dishes

then實(shí)用文檔stackthem.It ’llonlytakeaminute.Liu:Doesthefamilyusuallyhelp?Helen:Well,atspecialtimes.JacksometimesrinsesthedishesbutyoucanseeheLiu:Letmedoitforyou.

’sreallytiredtonight.Helen:Notruly,it ’sokay.Liu:MaybeIcanwipethetablethen.Helen:Thatwouldbehelpful.Thanks.You’rereallykind,Huang.Analysis：在西方人家中的就餐的時(shí)間里， 大家都設(shè)法插手幫一下忙，即便是男士也不例外， 不要一點(diǎn)不動(dòng)著開(kāi)飯。 所有家住者要能幫者擺擺餐具， 或餐后收拾洗碗，把餐具放進(jìn)洗碗機(jī)，倒垃圾，站在一邊幫著擦干洗好的餐具。 雖然都是小忙，卻表明你對(duì)別人的操勞非常在意，是個(gè)用心的人。Case8:Twostrangershavebeenchatting.A:Soyou’rebeenhereforayear?B:Yes.Onemoreyeartogo,thenI ’llgobacktochina.A:Whatwillyoudobackhome?B:It’shardtoknow.There’salotchangeatthemoment.A:Yeah.Everythingischanging,everywhere.Sometimesit’sdifficulttokeepup.實(shí)用文檔B:That’strue.MaybeI ’ll?(A’smobilephonerings.)A:Excuseme,I’dbetter answerthis. It’sprobably work.B:Sure.Takeyourtime.Analysis：有時(shí)在與人交談中，難免要有什么原因要離開(kāi)一會(huì)兒，或是去接一個(gè)電話(huà)， 或要去洗手間。禮貌再此被提出來(lái)。 出于禮貌起見(jiàn)，要記住做一些恰當(dāng)解釋再離開(kāi)。 不管理由是什么，即便是要接一個(gè)手機(jī)電話(huà)，在打開(kāi)電話(huà)回話(huà)前，向?qū)Ψ秸f(shuō)聲對(duì)不起。如果只離開(kāi)幾分鐘， 沒(méi)有必要找一個(gè)理由。 你說(shuō)了對(duì)不起，就表明你確實(shí)是有事要離開(kāi)一會(huì)兒。Case9:LiuHuangiscalling hisfriend Stevenathishome.Person:Hello.Johnisspeaking.Liu: Hello?I ’mlookingforSteven.Person:Sorry,there ’snooneherecalledSteven.Liu: Isthat65778868?Person:No.Ithinkyou’vegotthewrongnumber.Thisis65788868.Liu: Oh,I ’msorry.Person:Noproblem.Goodluck.Liu: Thanks.Analysis

：失手撥錯(cuò)號(hào)碼是常有的事。

如果在國(guó)外，即便有語(yǔ)言實(shí)用文檔障礙，害怕說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，也還是要先與對(duì)方核對(duì)是不是撥錯(cuò)了， 然后再道歉。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)撥錯(cuò)了號(hào)碼就馬上掛電話(huà)，是不禮貌的行為。Case10:Lin:Thankyousomuchforawonderfulnight.Ivehadagreattime.

’Erica:It’sbeenapleasurehavingyou.Wehopeyoucancomeagain,soon.Lin:I’dlikethat.Youbothknowhowtomakemefeelathome.Thanksforeverything.Analysis

：在動(dòng)身離去的時(shí)候，找到主人，當(dāng)面說(shuō)一聲謝謝，是有禮貌的行為。Case11:OfftoaBadStartDavidHuhadjuststartedworkingfortheforeignownedcompany.Hewassitting athisworkstation buthadnotbeengivenanyassignmentthat heshouldbedoingatthis moment.Hewasrelaxing andwaiting andthenthought hewouldtaketheopportunitytohavealookaround.Hepokedhisheadinto several offices just toseewhatthere wastobeseen.SuddenlyMr.Parkercameuptohimandangrilyaskedhimwhathewasdoing.DavidHuwasembarrassed.Helaughed實(shí)用文檔andquicklystartedtomovebacktowardhisworkstation.ThisdidnotseemtosatisfyMr.Parkerwhostartedtotalkrapidlyandangrily.Hopingtocalmhimdown,Mr.Husmiledandapologized,tryingtoexplainthathewastryingtolearnmoreaboutthedepartment.However,Mr.Parkergotevenangrier.Finally,anotherworkercamebyandcalmedhimdown,butMr.Parkerleft,hestilllookedangry.Mr.Husighed;heknewhehadmadeabadstartbutstilldidn’tunderstandwhy.Analysis：外國(guó)人很講究隱私權(quán)，一般不允許自己的私人空間受到打擾。而中國(guó)人比較喜歡看熱鬧， 想知道別人在做什么。 所以在本案列中，吳先生未經(jīng)允許就在公司四處走動(dòng)， 引起其他員工的強(qiáng)烈不滿(mǎn)。Case12:SharingtheWealthAnnaBilowhadbeenworkingforaChinese-ownedandoperatedcompanyinNanjingforaboutsixmonths.ThedivisionshewasworkinginhadasmallcollectionofChinese-Englishdictionaries,Englishlanguagereferencebooks,andsomevideosinEnglishincludingacoupleoftrainingfilmsandseveralfeaturefilmsthatAnnahad實(shí)用文檔broughtathernewemployer’srequestwhenshecamefromEurope.Annaknewthatsomeoftheothersectionshadsimilarcollections.Shehadsometimesusedherfriendshipwithoneofthewomeninanotherdepartment,GuMing,toborrowEnglishnovelsandreferencebooksandinturnhadletGuMingborrowbooksfromhersection’scollection.Onotheroccasions,shehadseenfriendly,noisyexchanges,whereoneoftheotherworkersinherdivisionhadlentabookorvideotoacolleaguefromanothersection.Annathoughtitwasagreatideawhenamemowascirculatedsayingthatthecompany’sleadershaddecidedtocollectalltheEnglishlanguagematerialstogetherintoasinglecollection.Theplanwastoputtheminasmallroomthatwascurrentlybeingusedforstoragesothatallemployeescouldhaveequalaccesstothem.Nowshewouldnolongerhavetogofromdepartmenttodepartmenttryingtofindthematerialssheneeded.Annawassurprisedtohearherco-workerscomplainingaboutthenewpolicy.WhentheyoungmaninchargecametothedepartmenttocollecttheirEnglishlanguagematerials,shewasastoundedtoseethemhidingmostofthebooksandallbutoneofthevideosintheirdesks.實(shí)用文檔Whenshecheckedoutthenewso-calledcollection,shefoundthatthefewitemswerealloutdatedorsomehowdamaged.ShealsonoticedthatnoneofthematerialsshehadborrowedfromGuMingwereinthecollection. SheaskedherfriendwhytheChinesewereunwillingtosharetheirEnglish languagematerials withall their co-workers, whenthey seemed willing to share them within theirdepartments.Analysis:西方人對(duì)隱私方面有許多禁忌，中國(guó)人對(duì)自我隱私的保護(hù)也十分注重，但是兩者之間存在較大差別。西方人樂(lè)于將自己的書(shū)籍和整理的資料拿出來(lái)讓朋友和同事共享，而在中國(guó)，即便是朋友間，人們也不愿意與人共享自己的書(shū)籍和資料。由于這種資料共享的觀念不同，案例中Anna才會(huì)難以理解顧明等同事將自己的資料，書(shū)籍藏起來(lái)的做法。Unit3What ’sinaName?Theory:1.ChineseandBritishpeoplecalleachotherwithtitlesindifferentways.Kintermsareusedinfamilymembers,butitdiffersbetweenwesternsandChinesepeople.Case1:ABritishtourististravelingbytraininChina.實(shí)用文檔Sitting

opposite

him

is

a Chinese

passenger.

Theyintroducethemselvestoeachother

?Britishtourist:Hello,Iyou.

’mEricJackson.GladtomeetChinesepassenger:Hello,mynameisLiuXin.I

’mgladtomeetyou,too.Wheredoyoucomefrom,Mr.Eric?Britishtourist:I’mfromBritain.PleasejustcallmeEric,Mr.Xin.Chinesepassenger:AndyoumayjustcallmeLiuXin.Analysis:Bothofthemhavetakeneachother’sgivennameforthesurname,sincetheorderofthesurnamesofChineseandEnglishnamesarejusttheopposite.Asinbothculturesatitleisusuallyusedwiththesurname,theyfeelunnaturalwhentheirgivennamesareusedwiththetitles.AccordingtoBritishcustomit’squitenormalforpersonswhofirstmeettoaddresseachotherbytheirgivennamesalone,whereashere,whenpeoplefirstmeet,theyusuallyaddresseachotherbytheirfullnamesandneverbytheirgivennamesalone.Case2:ABritishtouristisvisitingaChinesefamily.TheChinesehostess introduces herself andherhusbandto實(shí)用文檔guest?Chinesehostess:Welcometomyhome.MynameisCaiHong,andthisismyhusband.Britishtourist:Thankyou,Mrs.Cai.It’sapleasuretomeetyou,Mrs.Cai.I’mLucyTaylor.Chinesehostess:Haveaseat,MadamLucy.Analysis:TheBritishtouristthinksthatCaiHong’ssurnameisherhusband’ssurname,sincesheisunawareofthefactthatinChinawomenstillusetheirownsurnameaftermarriage.CaiHongthinksthat‘madam’isarespectfultermofaddressforanyfemaleEnglish-speaker,unawareofthefactthatinBritainitisusuallyusedbysomeonewhoisprovidingaservicesuchasashopassistanttoacustomerorapolicemantoamemberofthepublicasin‘CanIhelpyou,madam?’Itisneverusedasatitlebeforesomeone’sname.Shealsomistakesthegivennameforthesurname.Case3:LinMeiisaChinesestudentwhoisnowstudyingatauniversityinAmerica.Herseven-year-olddaughterJiajiaiswithherandstudiesinaprimaryschool.TheyhavebeeninAmericaforthreeyears.WangXiaohongisa實(shí)用文檔Chinesevisiting scholar atthesameuniversity asLinandthetwogetonwellwitheachother.WangXiaohongsometimesfeelslonelysinceshehasbeeninAmericafor

Meionlytwomonths,soshesometimesvisitsOnedayshecametovisitthem.

LinMei’sfamily.Belowistheirconversation.WangXiaohong: 佳佳，你媽媽在家嗎？Jiajia: 在。媽媽?zhuān)〖t阿姨找你。LinMei: 王教師您來(lái)啦，請(qǐng)坐。我女兒真不懂禮貌。佳佳，以后要叫王阿姨。Analysis: Thecombination ofthetermofaddressXiaohongAyi(givenname+Auntie)reflectsthemixtureofthetwocultures.Ontheonehandwehavetheextendeduseofkintermsprecededbyaperson’sname,conventionallysurname,e.g.Wang+Auntie,inChineseculture.Ontheotherwehavetheconventionaluseofkintermsfollowedbygivennamese.g.Auntie+Xiaohong,inthecultureofEnglish—speakingcountries.Inotherwords,itshowsthecombinationofChinesesequence,+kintermandEnglishuseofgivenname.SinceJiajiahaslivedinAmericaforthreeyears,shemusthavebeenstronglyinfluencedbytheforeignculturedespitetheinfluence實(shí)用文檔ofChineseculturefromhermotherandotherChinese.SofromJiajia ’spointofviewitisappropriateandpolitetocallWangXiaohongXiaohongAyi.However,LinMei,asanadult,stillstickstotheChineseculturewhendealingwithaChinesewhocametoAmericaonlyrecently;andaccordingtoChineseculture,itisimpoliteforchildtoaddressanadultbyusinghisorhergivenname.Unit4SocialInteractionTheory:Socialinteractionisoneofthemostcommoninteractionsbetweenpeople.CulturaldifferencescanleadtodifficultieswhenforeignersandChinesemeet.Suchdifferencescancausemisunderstanding,unsatisfactoryinteractionandevenunpleasantphysicalreactions.Differentexpectationsexist,governingwhatisconsideredappropriate,politeandrespectful.Expectationcanalsodifferregardingprivacy,andthedirectnessandindirectnesswithwhichpeopleshouldexpressthemselves.Case1:afriend

Ericagoestoasmallhavebeeninvited.

dinnerHerhost,

partyMrs.

towhichsheandPennymeetsthem實(shí)用文檔atthedoorofherhome.Penny:Hello,Erica.Welcome.Pleasecomein.Erica:Thankyou.John,I’dliketointroduceMrs.PennyRoberts.Penny,thisismyfriendJohnPernot.Penny:Hello,John.Welcome.John:Hello,Mrs.Roberts.Penny:PleasecallmePenny.Nowdocomeinsideandsitdown.Analysis：在介紹時(shí)，先介紹誰(shuí)是有些規(guī)矩的， 弄不好會(huì)產(chǎn)生誤會(huì)。但學(xué)起來(lái)并不難。一般的規(guī)矩是：首先介紹女性，男女主人，來(lái)賓或不太熟的人。Case2:Erica:ProfessorHonda,mayIintroducemyclassmateStevenJacobs.Steven,thisismyprofessorofliterature.Prof:Nicetomeetyou,Steven.Steven:Thankyou.It’sapleasuretomeetyou,ProfessorHonda.Eticahastalkedalotaboutyou.Porf:Allgood,Ihope.Analysis：在西方，將較年輕的人介紹給年紀(jì)較大的人以表示對(duì)后者的尊重。這也適用于對(duì)社會(huì)地位的考慮。 如果有三個(gè)人：一位教授，兩位學(xué)生。教授的名稱(chēng)要先被提起， 同時(shí)請(qǐng)他接受向另實(shí)用文檔一位學(xué)生的介紹，然后再把第二位學(xué)生介紹給他。Case3:Whenmywifeintroduced metoatourist fromCanada,Ishookhandswithhimandusedmybusinesscard.Andheseemedembarrassed.Analysis：西方人通常不像中國(guó)人和日本人那樣在介紹時(shí)彼此遞送名片。他們通常只有在商務(wù)活動(dòng)中才使用名片。Case4:AFrenchmantookpartinaparty;thehostdidn ’tintroducehimtoothers.ButtheFrenchmanchattedwithoneoftheguests.Theothersbecameangry.Analysis：當(dāng)兩個(gè)西方人在一起的時(shí)候， 如果遇到另一個(gè)人， 通常要把在場(chǎng)每一個(gè)人介紹一遍。 如果新加入的人沒(méi)有被介紹就同其中一個(gè)人聊了起來(lái)，其他的人就會(huì)認(rèn)為這兩個(gè)人的行為沒(méi)有禮貌。Case5:WhenLinmetaladyfromAmerica,hedidn’tknowwhetherheshouldshakehandswithherornot,buthavingtakenpolitenessintoconsideration,hereachedouthishand.Analysis：如果一位男士拿不準(zhǔn)是否要與一位女士握手，最好先等這位女士把手伸出來(lái)。實(shí)用文檔Case6:Erica:Hello!Thankforcoming.Here,letmetakeyourcoat.Lin:Hello.Thanks.Here

’ssomewineforyou.Erica:That

’slovely.Youreallyshouldn

’thave,Lin.Thankyou.Let

’sgoinandmeettheothers.Analysis：無(wú)論東方還是西方，去做客總要帶點(diǎn)兒禮物。 無(wú)論赴晚會(huì)還是晚宴，帶甁葡萄酒總是適宜的。 有些西方人給女主人買(mǎi)些花兒，或是巧克力。呈上禮物的時(shí)候，對(duì)你的禮物低調(diào)處理，就是說(shuō)，不要太多地談?wù)撃愕亩Y物。 上面的范例是，受禮的主人倒要說(shuō)上兩句，以表謝意。Case7:Twocolleaguesareatwork.Karen:WhatareyoudoingforChristmas?Li:SomefriendshaveinvitedmetostaywiththemoverChristmas.Karen: That’s great! I

guess

you

’

ll

experience

awestern-styleChristmasthen?Li:

Yeah.It

’sgood,isn

’tit?Maybeyoucanhelp.I’dliketotakesomethingbutI ’mnotsurewhat.Karen:Doyourfriendshaveanychildren?實(shí)用文檔Li:Mmmm.Two,Ithink.One’s6andtheother’salittleyounger,Ithink.Karen:Wellyoucan’tgowrongifyoutakeagiftforeachofthem.WrapthemupandputthemundertheChristmastree.Li:Suchas?Karen:MaybeaboxofChristmascandy.Li:That’sagreatidea!Karen:Well,Ihavetogonow,Li.MerryChristmas.Li:MerryChristmastoyou,Karen.Thanksforyourhelp.Analysis：禮物都要在節(jié)前包好放在圣誕樹(shù)下，要在圣誕節(jié)那天打開(kāi)?？腿怂偷亩Y物也會(huì)同家人的一起方在樹(shù)下。 禮物都要富有圣誕色彩的紙包裝，放上一個(gè)小標(biāo)簽（名簽），上寫(xiě)有送的人和接收禮物的人的名字。Case8:Erica:Lin,dohavesomemoredessert.Lin:Thankyou,butI ’mafraidI ’vehadenough.It ’swonderful.Analysis：同世界上其他國(guó)家的人一樣， 西方人也很好客。他們也總是想讓客人吃得多多的。 所有學(xué)會(huì)怎樣在餐桌上婉言謝絕很有用處。實(shí)用文檔Case9:LinhuahasaccompaniedanAmericandelegationtovisitChina.TheyhaveexperiencedthehospitalityoftheChinesepeople.AfterreturningtoAmerica,Linhuaoncevisitedthem.Theyweresogladtomeetagain.Linhuaofferedtohostthemeal,buttheyrefused.Theyorderedtheirowndish,andLinhuaorderedherown.Whenfootingthebill,theyonlypaidtheirpart,andnoonewantedtopayforLinhua.Linhuafoundthemsoinhospitable,thoughsheknewtheAmericanswouldusuallypayfortheirownfood.Analysis：在中國(guó)，為了表示熱情好客，人們往往會(huì)請(qǐng)客人在自己家里吃飯，要是在外就餐時(shí)，主人也會(huì)搶著為客人買(mǎi)單。 而在美國(guó)，為了表示平等與獨(dú)立，就餐時(shí)，人們一般都實(shí)行 AA制，各付各的帳。Case10:AfamousChineseactressmarriedaGerman.Onedaywhenshewasacting,herhusbandwastherewa