2020年臨沂市中考英語試題帶解析

2020年臨沂市初中學(xué)業(yè)水平考試試題英語注意事項(xiàng)：1、本試卷分第I卷(選擇題》和第II卷(非選擇班)兩部分，共8頁。滿分100分，考試時(shí)間100分鐘。答卷前，考生務(wù)必用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號、座號填寫在試卷和答題卡規(guī)定的位置?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。2、答題注意事項(xiàng)間答題卡，答在本試卷上不得分。第I卷(選擇題共55分)一、聽力測試(共15小題，計(jì)15分)注意：聽力測試分四部分.共加小題。傲題時(shí)，請先將答案兩在試卷上，錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，將所選答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。（一）聽句子，選擇與圖畫意思一致的選項(xiàng)，每個(gè)句子聽兩遍。A.B.C.D.E.F..5.（二）6.A.Intheclassroom.B.Attheschooltheater.C.Ontheplayground.7.A.Shehurtherfoot.B.Shehadasoreback.C.Shecoughedbadly.8.A.Ateacher.B.Adentist.C.Areporter.9.A.TinawilldrivehimtoschoolB.MrGreenwillgivehimalift.C.Hewillgotoschoolbybike.10.A.OnTuesday.B.OnWednesday.C.OnFriday.（三）聽短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷下列句子正誤，正確的用“A”表示，不正確的用“B”表示。短文讀兩遍。聽短文前，你們將有20秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀下列句子。11.GinaandAlicehavebeenpenpalsfor77years.12.GinaandAlicebegantowritetoeachotherattheageof12.13.GinaisquitedifferentfromAlice.14.GinaandAlicedidn'tmeetuntil1987.15.GinaandAlicestillwritetoeachotherbye-mailnow.請考生們翻到第5頁，先找到第五大題。你們將有5秒鐘的準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間。二、單項(xiàng)填空(共10小題。計(jì)10分)選擇最佳答案。16.—Doyouwantteaorcoffee?—__________isOK.Ireallydon'tmind.A.NeitherB.BothC.Either16.C考查不定代詞的用法。句意：——你要茶還是咖啡？——都可以，我不介意。neither“兩者都不”；both“兩者都”；either“(兩者中的)任何一個(gè)”。由答語“reallydon'tmind.”可知是肯定回答，排除A。由系動詞is提示選C。Both作主語時(shí)，系動詞be要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。17.Thanksforlettingusborrowyourcamera.We__________ittoyounextMonday.A.returnB.willreturnC.havereturned17.B考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：謝謝你讓我們借你的相機(jī)。下周一我們會還給你的。由nextMonday提示用一般將來時(shí)。故選B。18.It'shardtoturndownabanana.Theytastegoodandyoudon'thavetowashthem__________eatingthem.A.untilB.afterC.before18.C考查介詞。句意：很難拒絕一個(gè)香蕉。它們味道很好，吃之前不用洗。until“直到……”；after“在……之后”；before“在……之前”。由后面的賓語“eatingthem”可判斷是“在吃之前”，故選C。19.Onlyplantsandanimalsthatneedverylittlewater__________liveinadesert.A.canB.needC.must19.A考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：只有需要很少水的植物和動物才能在沙漠中生活。can“能”；need“需要”；must“必須”。根據(jù)句意判斷選A。20.KellyWhitelovesallsports,__________skating.A.graduallyB.seriouslyC.especially20.C考查副詞的辨析。句意：凱莉·懷特喜歡所有的運(yùn)動，尤其是溜冰。gradually“逐漸地”；seriously“嚴(yán)重地”；especially“尤其；特別地”。根據(jù)句意判斷選C。21.Mostofusenjoy__________toourmothersspeak,becauseourbrainsgreatlypreferthevoicesofourownmothers.A.listeningB.listenC.tolisten21.A考查非謂語動詞。句意：我們大多數(shù)人都喜歡聽母親說話，因?yàn)槲覀兊拇竽X非常喜歡自己母親的聲音。enjoy后跟動名詞作賓語，enjoydoingsth.“喜歡作某事”。故選A。22.Wewillcauselesspollution_____________wecanfindwaystoreuseorrecyclemorerubbish.A.unlessB.ifC.though22.B考查連詞的辨析。句意：如果我們能找到再利用或回收更多垃圾的方法，我們將減少污染。unless“除非；如果不”；if“如果”；though“盡管”。根據(jù)句意判斷選B。23.___________dopeoplegreetvisitors?Someshakehands.Somesay"hello"or"hi".Somekiss.A.WhyB.WhatC.How23.C考查疑問詞。句意：人們?nèi)绾蜗騺碓L者問候？有的人握手，有人說“你好”或“嗨”，有的親吻。由答語可判斷是詢問問候方式，因此用How。故選C。24.Wehaveto______________theschooltripbecauseofthebadweather.A.putoffB.getoffC.turnoff24.A考查動詞短語的辨析。句意：因?yàn)樘鞖獠缓?，我們不得不推遲學(xué)校郊游。putoff“推遲，拖延”；getoff“下車”；turnoff“關(guān)閉”。由后面的“becauseofthebadweather”可推知是“推遲郊游活動”。根據(jù)句意判斷選A。25.InAmerica,Thanksgivingisaholiday_____________celebratestheloveoffamily.A.whoB./C.that25.C考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：在美國，感恩節(jié)是慶祝家庭之愛的節(jié)日。后面的句子修飾名詞holiday，判斷是定語從句。holiday作先行詞，表示“物”，定語從句用that或which引導(dǎo)。因此選C。三、完形填空(共10小題。計(jì)10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從方框中選出恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語填空，使語意通順完整。第一個(gè)方框供26—30小題選用，第二個(gè)方框供31—35小題選用。每個(gè)選項(xiàng)只能使用一次，每框有一項(xiàng)剩余。A.AlthoughB.givetheirseatsC.SinceD.werenotallowedE.makelifebetterFsoldMartinLutherKing,Jr.wasborninGeorgiainthesouthoftheUSAin1929.In1954hebegantoworkinachurch(教堂).Allthroughhislifehetriedto26forAfrican-Americans,whoseancestorscametoAmericafromAfricabetween1640and1798.WhitepeoplebroughtthemtoAmericainships,27themasslaves(奴隸)andforcedthemtowork.28theyweresetfree(自由的)aftertheAmericanCivilWar,theirlivesdidn'tchangemuchforalongtime.Somepeoplestilldidn'tlikethem.Inthe1950’s,African-Americans29todolotsofthingsinthesouthofAmerica.Theycouldnotwalkonthefootpathwhenawhitepersonwasonit.Theycouldnoteatinrestaurantswherewhitepeopleate.Theycouldnotgototheshopsthatwereownedbywhitepeople.Whentheywereonabus,theyhadto30towhitepeople.A.madeafamousspeechB.fairC.refusedD.inpeaceE.agreedF.stopridingInDecemberof1955,aladycalledRosaParks31togiveherseattoawhiteman.Thismadethebusdriverangryandhecalledthepolice.ThepolicetookRosaaway.MartinLutherKing,Jr.saidthiswaswrongandtoldpeopletheyshouldstopit.Hespoketolotsofpeopleandtoldthemwhatwashappening.Hesaidthelawshouldbe32andtheyshouldbeabletodothesamethingsaswhitepeople.HecalledfortheAfrican-Americansto33onthebus.Hisideaworked.Thebuscompanies(公司)lostmoney.InDecember1956,theSupremeCourt(最高法院)madethecitychangetherules.MartinLutherKing,JedacrossAmericatomeetlotsofimportantpeopleandtoldthemabouttheproblems.In1963heledabiggroupofAfrican-AmericansinWashington.He34there.Hesaidhehadadreamthatblackandwhitepeoplewouldlivetogether35.HewasareallyimportantpersoninhistorybecausehechangedAfrican-Americans'livesalot.Americanpeopleandpeoplearoundtheworldrememberhimforwhathehasdone.答案:26._______27._______28._______29._______30._______31._______32._______33._______34._______35._______【主旨大意】這是一篇記敘文，主要介紹了美國黑人民權(quán)運(yùn)動領(lǐng)袖——馬丁·路德·金的事跡。他1929年出生于美國南部的佐治亞州，1954年在教堂里工作，1955年為消除種族歧視，發(fā)起并領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了對公共汽車的抵制運(yùn)動。1963年在首都華盛頓發(fā)表了《我有一個(gè)夢想》的演說?！敬鸢浮?6–30EFADB31–35CBFAD26.E考查動詞短語。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，由后面的“forAfrican-Americans”可推知句意：在他的一生中，他一直努力讓非裔美國人的生活更美好。makelifebetter“使生活更美好”。27.F考查動詞。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，由后面的“asslaves(奴隸)andforcedthemtowork”可判斷句意：把他們當(dāng)奴隸買賣，強(qiáng)迫他們工作。sold為sell“出售，賣”的過去式。28.A考查連詞。由后面的句子“theyweresetfreeaftertheAmericanCivilWar”可推知句意：雖然他們在美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)后獲得自由，但他們的生活在很長一段時(shí)間內(nèi)并沒有發(fā)生太大的變化。though意為“雖然”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。29.D考查被動語態(tài)。由下一句“Theycouldnotwalkonthefootpathwhenawhitepersonwasonit.”可推知句意：在20世紀(jì)50年代，非洲裔美國人不被允許在美國南部做很多事情。werenotallowed“不被允許”，為被動語態(tài)。30.B考查動詞短語。由前面的“Whentheywereonabus”可推知句意：當(dāng)他們在公共汽車上時(shí)，他們不得不把座位讓給白人。givetheirseats意為“讓位”。31.C考查動詞。由后面的“togiveherseattoawhiteman”可推知句意：1955年12月，一位名叫羅莎·帕克斯的女士拒絕把座位讓給白人。refuse意為“拒絕”。32.B考查形容詞。句意：他說法律應(yīng)當(dāng)公正，他們應(yīng)該能做和白人一樣的事情。由后面的“theyshouldbeabletodothesamethingsaswhitepeople”可推知前面是“法律應(yīng)當(dāng)公正”。fair意為“公正的”。33.F考查動詞短語。由后面的句子“Thebuscompanies(公司)lostmoney.”可推知句意：他呼吁非洲裔美國人停止乘坐公共汽車。stopriding意為“停止坐車”。34.A考查動詞短語。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)判斷句意：他在那里作了一個(gè)著名的演講。madeafamousspeech意為“作演講”。35.D考查介詞短語。句意：他說他有一個(gè)夢想，那就是黑人和白人和平共處。由前面的“wouldlivetogether”可推知是“和平共處”。inpeace意為“和平地”。四、閱讀理解(共12小題，共計(jì)20分）(一)閱讀短文，完成36—39小題。（共4小題，計(jì)分4分）AWearingawhiteblouse,Ai-Dastudieshersubjectandbeginstodraw.Shelookslikeanyartistatwork.However,the"beep...beep...beep"noisefromherarmgivesheraway.Ai-Dais,infact,arobot.Ai-Dahasbeendescribedastheworld's"firstAl(人工智能)robotartist".ShetakeshernamefromAdaLovelace,theworld'sfirstfemalecomputerprogrammer.ScientistsatOxfordUniversitydevelopedAlsystems(系統(tǒng))forAi-Da.Therobothascamerasinhereyeballs.Aftershehasstudiedasubject,shewilluseherleftarmtodraw.Now,Ai-Dacanonlyuseapencilforsketches(素描).Theplanisforhertopaint.Ai-DaisnotthefirstAlsystemtoproduceartworks.Since2006,scientistshavebeendevelopingsoftware(軟件)toturnphotosintodrawings.Lastyear,anartworkcreatedusingAlwassoldinNewYorkfor$432,500.However,Ai-Da'shuman-likeappearance."bringssomethingnewtothefield.InJune,Ai-DaopenedherfirstexhibitionatOxford.Thenwereabout30drawingsbytherobot.Ai-Da,standingnexttoherartworks,attracted(吸引)manyvisitors.Ai-Da'sinventor,AidanMeller,talkedabouttheimportanceoftherobot."Ai-Dabringanewvoicetotheartworld,"shesaid"Alisgoingtobethebigthingofthe2020s.Thatinfluencesusgreatly."MellerhopestheexhibitionwasjustthestartandthatmorewillfollowtoshowhowAIisinfluencinghumanlife.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷下列句子正誤。正確的用“A”表示.不正確的用“B”表示。36.Ai-DaisarealartistwhohelpsscientistsatOxfordUniversitydevelopAlsystems.37.Lastyear,scientistsbegantodevelopsoftwaretoturnphotosintodrawings.38.InJune,Ai-DaopenedherfirstexhibitionatOxfordsuccessfully.39.AidanMellerthinksAIisgoingtoinfluencehumanlifemoreandmoregreatly.【主旨大意】本文是一篇科普說明文。文章介紹了世界上第一位人工智能機(jī)器人藝術(shù)家。【答案】36—39BBAA【解析】36.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Shelookslikeanyartistatwork.However,the"beep...beep...beep"noisefromherarmgivesheraway.Ai-Dais,infact,arobot.可知Ai-Da并不是一位真正的藝術(shù)家，而是一位機(jī)器人。陳述與原文不符。故選B。37.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Since2006,scientistshavebeendevelopingsoftware(軟件)toturnphotosintodrawings.可知“自2006年以來,科學(xué)家們一直在開發(fā)軟件將照片變成圖紙”。陳述與原文不符。故選B。38.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)InJune,Ai-DaopenedherfirstexhibitionatOxford.可知“在6月，艾達(dá)在牛津大學(xué)成功地舉辦了她的第一個(gè)展覽?！?。陳述與原文相符。故選A。39.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)shesaid"Alisgoingtobethebigthingofthe2020s.Thatinfluencesusgreatly."可知AidanMeller認(rèn)為人工智能將成為21世紀(jì)20年代的大事，將對人類的生活影響極大。陳述與原文相近。故選A。(二)閱讀短文，完成40—47小題。（共8小題，計(jì)分16分）BThelongestriverintheworldistheNile.Itis4,160mileslong.ButtheNileisnotthemightiest(浩蕩的)river.TheAmazonis.TheAmazonisalsothesecondlongestriverintheworld.Itis3,900mileslong.Howlongisthat?ItislongerthanaroadgoingfromNewYorkCitytoSanFrancisco.TheAmazonisthemightiestforthisreason.Ithasthegreatestamountofwater.MorewaterrunsouttoseathanfromtheNile.Mississippi,andYangtzeriverscombined.That'salotoffreshwater!Theforceofitscurrent(水流)isgreattoo.Thecurrentcanbeseen200milesoutinthesea.There'sastorytoshowtheAmazon'samazingcurrent.Ashipsailed(航行)farawayfromBrazil.Itranoutofdrinkingwater.Anothershippassedby.Thefirstshipaskedforwater.Someoneonthesecondshipsaid."Justputyourbuckets(桶)intothesea."Hereareafewmorefacts.Atitsmouth,theAmazonis90mileswide.Evenuptheriver,youcan'tseetheoppositebank.Theriverisalsoverydeep(from22to76meters).Duringrainyseason,theriverrisesabout16metersmore.Bigoceanshipscansailabout1,800milesupstream(向上游).Smallershipscansail1,000milesfarther.What'sthemostbloodthirstyfishintheworld?No.It'snotthesharkIt'stheAmazon'spiranha.Itisonlyabout10cmto20cmlong.Ithassharpteeth.Thousandstravelinagroup.Noanimalcanswimacrosstheriver.A1,000-poundhorsewouldbejustbones(骨頭)inthreeminutes.AreyouplanningatriptotheAmazon?Here'sapieceofadvice.Leaveyourswimsuitathome!根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。40.Afterreadingthispassageitseemsclearthat_____________.A.peopledonotdrinktheAmazon’swaterB.itwouldnotbegoodtovisittheAmazonduringrainyseasonC.sailingontheAmazonrequiresaknowledgeofitscurrent41.ThewriterhelpsyouunderstandhowlongtheAmazonisby__________.A.tellinghowlongtheNileisB.comparingittoadistance(距離)onlandC.comparingitwiththeYangtzeRiver42.InParagraphFour,theword“sharp”means“_________”inChinese.A.鋒利的B.急劇的C.強(qiáng)烈的43.Thepassagemainlytellsus____________.A.piranhaintheAmazonB.travelingintheAmazonC.interestingfactsabouttheAmazon【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了世界上流量最大、流域面積最廣的河流亞馬遜河的一些有趣的事實(shí)?！敬鸢浮?0—42CBAC【解析】40.C事實(shí)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段Hereareafewmorefacts.Atitsmouth,theAmazonis90mileswide.Evenuptheriver,youcan'tseetheoppositebank.Theriverisalsoverydeep(from22to76meters).Duringrainyseason,theriverrisesabout16metersmore.Bigoceanshipscansailabout1,800milesupstream(向上游).Smallershipscansail1,000milesfarther.可知“這里還有一些事實(shí)。亞馬遜河河口寬90英里。即使溯河而上，你也看不見對岸。河水也非常深(從22米到76米)。在雨季，河水上漲了大約16米。大船只可以上游約1800英里(向上游)。較小的船只可以航行1000英里。”。據(jù)此可推斷“在亞馬遜河上航行需要了解水流知識”。故選C項(xiàng)。41.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Howlongisthat?ItislongerthanaroadgoingfromNewYorkCitytoSanFrancisco.可知作者是通過把它和陸地上的距離做對比來幫你理解亞馬遜河有多長的。故選B項(xiàng)。42.A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)A1,000-poundhorsewouldbejustbones(骨頭)inthreeminutes.可知“一匹1000英鎊重的馬在三分鐘之后將只剩下骨頭”，據(jù)此可以推測出“亞馬遜河的食人魚牙齒非常鋒利”。故選A項(xiàng)。43.C主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知本文介紹了關(guān)于亞馬遜河的一些有趣的事實(shí)。故選C項(xiàng)。CWakeup,boysandgirls!Putupyourhandifyoutrytorepairyourtiredbodybysleepingin(睡懶覺)onweekends.Anewstudysaysthehabitmightnotbeagoodideaforyourhealth.Theten-daystudycameoutinthemagazineCurrentBiology.Volunteersweredividedintothreegroups.Thefirstgroupenjoyedninehours'sleepeachnight.Thesecondgroupwasallowedtosleeponlyfivehourseachnight.Thethirdgroupwasgivenfivehours'sleepMondaythroughFriday.44ButtheywereputbackontheshortsleepschedulethenextMonday.Boththesecondandthirdgroupsatemoresnacksatnightandputonweight.Theyalsosawadecrease(減少)ininsulinsensitivity(胰島素敏感性),awarningsignfordiabetes(糖尿病).Researchershavelongknownatack(缺乏)ofsleepcanincreasehealthrisks.45“Eventhoughpeopleinthethirdgroupsleptasmuchastheycouldontheweekend,itwasnotenough,”saidDrKennethWright,wholedthestudy.“Whentheywentbacktotheshortsleepschedulethenextweek,theirbodyfailedtocontrolbloodsugar.46Sowhatshouldwedoifsleepinginovertheweekendisnotagoodchoice?47Cutoutthe“sleepstealers”suchaswatchingtelevisionshowsorspendingtimeoncomputersormobilephones.Alwaysremember.Gettingenoughsleepisasimportantashavinggoodcaringhabitsordoingexerciseregularly.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從方框中選出四個(gè)選項(xiàng)填入文中空缺處，使短文內(nèi)容通順完整。A.Thatwaspartlybecausetheirbiologicalclock(生物鐘)hadbeenchanged.B.Peoplecanrepairtheirtiredbodybysleepinginonweekends.C.Butitwassurprisingthatthethirdgrouphadbeenworsethanthesecondone.D.DrWrightgaveadviceintwowords:sleeplonger.E.Andthentheywereallowedtosleepasmuchastheylikedoveraweekend.44._______45._______46._______47._______【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。本文通過刊登在《當(dāng)代生物學(xué)》的一項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告說明：睡懶覺是一個(gè)對身體不利的壞習(xí)慣?！敬鸢浮?4-47ECAD【解析】44.E上句中提到“第三組接受實(shí)驗(yàn)的人在周一到周五期間只允許只睡五個(gè)小時(shí)?！边@顯然導(dǎo)致睡眠不足；E項(xiàng)“然后讓他們在周末盡情睡覺?！迸c上文在時(shí)間上和特定語境方面都很銜接。45.C由該段解釋可知，研究人員早就知道缺乏睡眠會增加健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，第三組的體驗(yàn)者在周末睡了懶覺，按理說睡眠補(bǔ)足了，結(jié)果狀況更差。C項(xiàng)Butitwassurprisingthat…與語境一致。46.A通過上文介紹可知，第三組人在周末睡了很多覺，在接下來的一周重新回到短睡眠計(jì)劃時(shí)，他們的身體無法控制血糖。人體生物鐘被打亂。故選A。47.D下句中，提出的建議是Cutoutthe“sleepstealers”，即：少在電視節(jié)目、電腦和手機(jī)上花太多時(shí)間。這與DrWrightgaveadviceintwowords:sleeplonger.意義一致。故選D。第II卷(非選擇題共45分)五、聽寫(共5小題，計(jì)5分)聽對話，根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容完成下列句子，每空詞數(shù)不限。對話讀三遍。聽對話前.你們有20秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀下列句子。48.WhiskMark'sNewYear'sresolution?He'sgoingtobemore_________thisyear.49.HowisMarkgoingtoimprovehiseatinghabits?He'sgoingto____________chocolatecompletely.50.WhatsportisMarkgoingtotakeup?He'sgoingtotakeup____________.51.What'sAmy'sfirstresolution?Sheisgoingtobe______________.52.What'sAmy'sotherresolution?Sheisgoingtogetonwellwithher___________.六、詞形轉(zhuǎn)換(共8小題，計(jì)8分)用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，每空格限填一詞。53.Afterabusymorningatwork,lunchtimegives__________achancetodomanythings,suchasexercise,readandwatchTV.(I)53.me作謂語動詞give的賓語用賓格me。54.Thenewplanasksresidents(居民)toputtheirrubbishintofourdifferent__________oneforeachkindofrubbish.(box)54.boxes根據(jù)修飾詞different和限定詞four可知用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。55.AftertheGreatWallStation,Zhongshan,KunlunandTaishan,Chinaisnowbuildingits__________researchstationinAntarctica(南極洲).(five)55.fifth句意：繼長城站、中山站、昆侖站和泰山站之后，中國正在建設(shè)其在南極洲的第五個(gè)科考站。表示順序用序數(shù)詞。56.Growingupishardforeveryone.Laurahastofacelotsofstressasa__________.(teenage)56.teenager句意：成長對每個(gè)人來說都是困難的。作為一個(gè)青少年，勞拉不得不面對很多壓力。teenager“青少年”。57.It's___________totalkwithyourmouthfull.(polite)57.impolite句意：嘴里塞滿東西說話是不禮貌的。58.Accordingtosomestudies,the_____________youread,thelessyouunderstandwhatyouhaveread.(fast)58.faster句意：根據(jù)一些研究，你讀得越快，你越不理解你所讀的東西。固定結(jié)構(gòu)“the+比較級，the+比較級”表示“越……，就越……”。59.Recyclingyourrubbishisagreathabit.However.it'sevenbettertoturnyourrubbishintosomethingnewand_____________.(use)59.useful句意：回收垃圾是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣。然而。把垃圾變成新的有用的東西會更好。與形容詞new并列修飾something，結(jié)合句意可知用useful。60.Whydowemakemistakesmore_____________whenwefeeltired?Thishappensbecausepartsofourbrainactuallyfallasleepwhenwe'reawakeandtired.(easy)60.easily句意：為什么我們疲勞時(shí)更容易犯錯誤？這是因?yàn)楫?dāng)我們清醒或疲憊時(shí)，大腦的一部分會進(jìn)入睡眠狀態(tài)。修飾動詞短語makemistakes用副詞。七、動詞應(yīng)用(共7小題，計(jì)7分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式真空，必要時(shí)可加助動詞或情態(tài)動詞。InPontevedra,acityinSpain,peopledon'tshout.Sincecarsarebanned(明令禁止)inthecity,therearenonoisesfromcars.Peopledon'thavetotryhardtomakethemselvesheard.Whatyouhearinthestreet,instead,isthesingingofbirds.MiguelLures,themayor(市長).opensthewindowsofhisoffice,andthesoundofhumanvoices61(rise)fromthestreetbelow.Luressays,"Morethan14,000carsusedtopassalongthisstreeteveryday.There62(be)morecarspassingthroughthecityinadaythanpeoplelivinghere."Loresbecamemayorin1999.Hespentmonths63(walk)aroundthecity."Thehistoricalcityisdead,"hesaidoneday."Itisfullofcars.It64(pollute)heavily.Therearealotoftrafficaccidents.Theelderlyandchildrenaren'tabletousethestreetsbecauseofcars.Peoplewhohadachancetoleavehavedoneso."Atfirst,Loresthoughtofimprovingtrafficconditions.However,hecouldn'tcomeupwithagoodplan.Afterlotsofdiscussions,thegovernmentfinallydecided65(take)actiontobancats.Thechange66(bring)Pontevedramanyadvantagessincethen.Trafficaccidentsseldomhappen.CO2emissions(排放物)aredown70percent.Manypeoplearemovingtothecity,makingitlivelyagain.Mostlocalpeopleinthecitylikethechange.RamiroArmesto,amotheroftwoyoungchildren,said,"inthepast,thefirstthingtoseeinthemorningwastrafficjams.Now,thecityiscleaner,quieterandsafer."RaquelGarcia,anotherparent,saidshehadstayedinmanycitiesaroundtheworld.However,shehadneverlivedinacityas"easytolivein"asPontevedra."Evenwhileit67(rain).Iwalkeverywhere.Thefeelingiswonderful,"sheadded."Pontevedraisparadise(天堂)”答案:61._______62._______63._______64._______65._______66._______67._______【答案】61.rise62.were63.walking64.ispolluted65.totake66.hasbrought67.israining【主旨大意】本文講述了在蓬特韋德拉（西班牙的一個(gè)城市）人們無需大喊大叫的原因是私家車的禁用，這樣路上沒有了車的噪音。私家車的禁用，從而給這座城市帶來了巨大的利益：交通事故減少了；二氧化碳的排放減少了；沒有了交通堵塞。這座城市從此充滿了活力，成為了人間天堂。61.rise考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：市長MiguelLures打開他的辦公室的窗戶，樓下路上人們的聲音傳到他的辦公室。rise意為“升起；上升”。根據(jù)MiguelLures,themayor(市長).opensthewindowsofhisoffice,可知本句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是humanvoices，所以用rise。62.were考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：一天中穿梭在這座城市的車輛比在這里居住的人還要多。根據(jù)Morethan14,000carsusedtopassalongthisstreeteveryday.可知市長是描述過去的狀況，所以用一般過去時(shí)，本句中靠近be的名詞是morecars，所以要用are的過去式were。63.walking考查非謂語動詞。句意：他花費(fèi)了兩個(gè)月的時(shí)間在這座城市里閑逛。人+時(shí)間/金錢+doingsth.意為“某人花費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢做某事”，walk意為“步行”，是動詞，所以填walking。64.ispolluted考查動詞的語態(tài)。句意：這個(gè)城市被嚴(yán)重地污染了。It代指Pontevedra這座城市，與pollute之間是被動關(guān)系，由"Itisfullofcars”和“Therearealotoftrafficaccidents.“可知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語+be+動詞的過去分詞”，所以填ispolluted。65.totake考查非謂語動詞。句意：大量討論之后，政府最終決定采取行動，禁止使用私家車。decidetodosth.“決定去做某事"，所以填totake。66.hasbrought考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：從此，這個(gè)變革給蓬特韋德拉帶來了許多好處。sincethen意為“從那以后；從此”，是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語+have/has+動詞過去分詞，本句中的主語是thechange，所以填hasbrought。67.israining【解析】考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：甚至當(dāng)正在下雨時(shí)，我到處散步。while意為“當(dāng)......時(shí)候”，引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中一般用進(jìn)行時(shí)，根據(jù)Iwalkeverywhere.可知，此空應(yīng)填現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，所以填israining。八、閱讀表達(dá)(共5小題，計(jì)10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，回答下列問題。Onwinternights,thewindusuallyblowsstrongly.Mostofusstayinsideourwarmhomes.Fewofusthinkaboutthehomeless.Thesepeoplehavenochoicebuttosleeponthestreets.Someofthemaresopoorthattheyhavenomoneytobuyfood.AyoungmaninBirmingham,England,madeadecisiontodosomethingaboutthis.Everynight,heputsonaSpider-Mansuitandgivesfoodtothehomelesshemeets.Hemakessurethatthesepeoplewon'tgohungry.Themanrefusestomakehisnamepublic.Thelocalpeoplecallhimthe"BirminghamSpider-Man".Theyoungmanhopeshisactionwillshowothersthateverybodydeserves(應(yīng)得)ahelpinghand.The25-year-oldmanstartedhisnightactivitiesin2015.Everynightat9,hebuyssomesandwiches.Then,hefindsaquietalleyandputsonhis"uniform".Afterthat,the"Spider-Man"startshandinghisfoodouttopeopleinneed.Themansaid,“IweartheSpider-Mansuitinordertogetattention.”Withoutthesuit,fewpeopletookasecondlookathimwhenhewashandingoutfood.Whenpeopleseethe"Spider-Stan",however,theycomeoverandaskwhatheisdoing.“TheBirminghamSpider-Man”hasalreadygotlotsofattention.Manypeoplehaveofferedtogiveawaymoneytohim.Buttheyoungmanneveracceptsthemoney.Instead,heencouragespeopletogooutandhelppeopleinneedontheirown.Hesaid,"Ifmorepeopleofferahelpinghand,thecoldwinternightswon'tbesocoldanylonger."68.HowdoestheyoungmaninBirmingham,Englandhelpthehomelesspeople?________________________________________________________________________________________69.Whendidtheyoungmanstarthisnightactivities?________________________________________________________________________________________70.Whatdoestheyoungmanhopehisactionwillshowothers?________________________________________________________________________________________71.WhydoestheyoungmanweartheSpider-Mansuitwhenhehelpsthehomelesspeople?________________________________________________________________________________________72.Whydoestheyoungmanneveracceptthemoneythatmanypeoplehavegivenawaytohim?________________________________________________________________________________________【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。本文講述的英國伯明翰的一個(gè)年輕人每天晚上，他穿上蜘蛛俠的衣服，給他遇到的無家可歸的人提供食物。他的善舉引起越來越多人的關(guān)注，這位不愿讓人知道自己名字的年輕人被當(dāng)?shù)厝朔Q為“伯明翰蜘蛛俠”?！敬鸢浮?8.HeputsonaSpider-Ma