初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

第五講動(dòng)詞Part1動(dòng)詞的分類動(dòng)詞是構(gòu)成英語(yǔ)句子的核心，是英語(yǔ)中最關(guān)鍵的詞類，也是中考考查的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目之一。動(dòng)詞根據(jù)意義可以分為四類：系動(dòng)詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞即行為動(dòng)詞（包含及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞）、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。考點(diǎn)一系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須與表語(yǔ)結(jié)合構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征、身份等。系動(dòng)詞的分類分類詞匯例句狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞be(am/is/are)Mymotherisadoctor.我媽媽是一名醫(yī)生。持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞keep,stay,lie,remain,stand,restKeepquiet,please!請(qǐng)保持安靜。表象系動(dòng)詞seem,appear,lookHeseemsverysad.他看起來(lái)很傷心。感官系動(dòng)詞feel,smell,look,sound,tasteThecaketastesdelicious.蛋糕嘗起來(lái)很不錯(cuò)。變化系動(dòng)詞become,get,go,grow,turn,fallIt’sgettinghotterandhotter.天氣越來(lái)越熱。結(jié)果系動(dòng)詞prove,turnoutHisplanturnedoutasuccess.他的計(jì)劃成功了。Be動(dòng)詞用法be動(dòng)詞(am,is再^)這三個(gè)動(dòng)詞常用作連系動(dòng)詞，在句中起連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的作用。Thisismymother,這是我的媽媽。Iamnine.我九歲了。Youaremygoodfriend,你是我的好朋友。be動(dòng)詞三種形式的使用主要取決于主語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)是第一人稱1(我)時(shí)，用am,主語(yǔ)是第二人稱you(你,你們)或名詞及代詞的復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，用are，主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)it，he,shefS，他，她)或名詞及代詞單數(shù)時(shí)，用is.am,is,are的意思是“是”，但不能處處翻譯成“是”。Howareyou?你好嗎？對(duì)be進(jìn)行否定，加notIamateacher. I,mnotateacher.Theyarestudents. Theyarenotstudents.Be與benot的省略形式What’s=Whatisname’s=nameisI’m=IamYou,re=Youarehe’s=heisIamnot(I,mnot)arenot(aren't)isnot(isn't)【典例精析】( )1.一DoyouknowthesongGangnamStyle?一Ofcourse.Itinteresting.A.tastesB.smells C.sounds D.feels( )2.一Dinnerisready.Helpyourself!一Wow!Itdelicious.Youarereallygoodatcooking.A.looksB.soundsC.tastes D.feels

考點(diǎn)二實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞可以單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。按句法作用可以分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞?！?及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞本身意義不完整，需要接賓語(yǔ)才能使其意義完整。及物動(dòng)詞接賓語(yǔ)有以下三種情況:動(dòng)賓形式常見動(dòng)詞例句動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)accept，love，borrow，discover，forget，please，eat，guess，put，cover，enjoy，ride，interest，ride，surprise，use，worry等。Iridemybiketoschooleveryday.我每天騎自行車去上學(xué)。動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)call，give，hand，lend，offer，pay，post，promise，pass，read，return，sell，show，send，teach，tell，buy，book，cook，choose，design，find，fetch，keep，order，draw，prepare等。Pleasepassthebooktome.請(qǐng)把那本書傳給我。注意：如果直接賓語(yǔ)在前，間接賓語(yǔ)在后，需要在間接賓語(yǔ)前加介詞for或to。星艮for連用的動(dòng)詞有：buy，make，draw，find，keep，choose等；艮to連用的動(dòng)詞有：give，bring，pass，hand，return，offer，show，tell，sell，post等。動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)advise，allow，ask，expect，get，have，invite，let，notice，make，order，see，tell，teach，wish，warn，want，feel，hear，watch，discover等。Iheardsomeonesinginginthenextroom.我聽到有人在隔壁房間唱歌。注意：踉帶to的不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：make，let，have，see，watch，notice，hear等?！?不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞自身意義完整，不需要接賓語(yǔ)。.有些動(dòng)詞既可以作及物動(dòng)詞也可以作不及物動(dòng)詞。LiMincansingEnglishsongs.李敏會(huì)唱英文歌。（及物動(dòng)詞）LiMinsingsEnglishsongswell.李敏唱英文歌唱得很好。（不及物動(dòng)詞）.有些不及物動(dòng)詞與其他類別的詞搭配在一起構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其作用相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞。搭配例句動(dòng)詞+介詞Myfathertalkedtomeyesterday.我爸爸昨天和我談話了。注意：這類詞組后的賓語(yǔ)無(wú)論是名詞還是代詞，都只能放在介詞后面動(dòng)詞+副詞Miketurnedoffthelightwhenheleft.邁克離開時(shí)，把燈關(guān)了。注意：這類詞組的賓語(yǔ)為代詞時(shí)，必須放在動(dòng)詞后、副詞前；若賓語(yǔ)為名詞，放在副詞前后均可。

動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞Keepawayfromthedangerousbuilding.離那幢危樓遠(yuǎn)一些。注意：這類詞組的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞之后。動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞Hetakesprideofdoingajobwell.他以做好工作而自豪。注意：這類詞組的名詞前可以加形容詞作定語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞之后。動(dòng)詞+形容詞+介詞Myteacherissatisfiedwithmyanswer.老師對(duì)我的回答感到滿意?！镜淅觥浚?）1.—Showmeyourhomework,Dave?—Sorry,Mrs.Brown.I,veitathome.A.missedB.forgottenC.lost D.left（ ）2.一Youlooksad.Whathashappened?一Everyoneustowinthematch,butwelost.A.expects B.expectedC.hopes D.Hoped（ ）3.—WhenwilltheplaneShanghai? —Sorry,Idon,tknow.A.getB.arriveatC.reachIII.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作是可持續(xù)的，可以和表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)連用。WehavelivedinChinasince2001.自從2001年以來(lái)，我們一直住在中國(guó)。Youcankeepthebookfortwoweeks.你可以借用這本書兩周。.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示瞬間動(dòng)作，動(dòng)作一經(jīng)發(fā)生立即結(jié)束。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能和表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)連用。如果要和表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)連用，就要用其他詞代替。Hehasbeenhereforfivedays.他已經(jīng)到這里5天了。（這里不能用hasarrived）Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.電影已經(jīng)開始10分鐘了。（這里不能用hasbegun）IV.易混動(dòng)詞辨析borrow,lend&keep易混詞用法例句borrow借；（向別人）借用短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示主語(yǔ)“借入“某物，常用搭配為：borrowsth.fromsb.。Iborrowabookfrommyfriendyesterday.昨天我從朋友那里借了一本書。lend借（出）；把……借給短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示主語(yǔ)“借出”某物，常用搭配為：lendsth.tosb.。Couldyoulendyourpentome?你能把你的鋼筆借給我嗎？keep保持，保存延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示“長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地借”或“持有”。Howlongcanwekeepthebook?我們能借這本書多久？bring,take,carry易混詞用法例句bring拿來(lái)，帶來(lái)，取來(lái)表示把某物拿到靠近說(shuō)話者的地方。Pleasebringthebookstotheclassroom.請(qǐng)把這些書拿到教室里。take拿，拿走Remembertotakeyour

表示把某物拿到遠(yuǎn)離說(shuō)話者的地方。homework to schooltomorrow.明天記得把你的作業(yè)帶到」學(xué)校來(lái)。carry拿，搬，帶，提，抬，背，抱，運(yùn)等表示用力移動(dòng)，沒(méi)有方向性。Thebagisveryheavy.Canyouhelpmecarryittomyoffice?這個(gè)包非常重，你能幫我把它搬到我的辦公室里嗎？diejdeadjdeath&dying易混詞用法例句die死不及物動(dòng)詞，短暫性動(dòng)詞。Hergrandmotherdiedlastyear.他奶奶去年去世了。dead死的 無(wú)生命的形容詞，表狀態(tài)。Hergrandmotherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他奶奶已經(jīng)去世兩年了。death死名詞。HisdeathwasagreatlossofChina.他的死對(duì)于中國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)極大的損失。dying垂死的臨死的形容詞。Thepooroldmanwasdying.那個(gè)可憐的老人快死了。speak,say,talk&tell易混詞用法例句speak說(shuō)、講；談話作為及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)接表示語(yǔ)言的名詞或指在會(huì)議上發(fā)言。強(qiáng)調(diào)單方的'說(shuō)”或“講”。ShespeaksEnglish.她說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。say說(shuō)、講及物動(dòng)詞，表示“對(duì)某人說(shuō)”。強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話的內(nèi)容。也可踉直接引語(yǔ)或間接引語(yǔ)。Didyousayanything(tohim)?你(對(duì)他)說(shuō)什么了嗎？“I’mateacher,”hesays.他說(shuō)“我是一名教師?！眛alk談話；講話；交談不及物動(dòng)詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)雙方“交談"，常與介詞to，with或about連用，表示“同某人談?wù)摚呈拢?。Helikestalkingwithhisfather.他喜歡和他父親交談。tell告訴；講述可接雙賓語(yǔ)，雙賓語(yǔ)易位時(shí)用介詞to引出間接賓語(yǔ)。Hetoldhisparentsthegoodnews.=Hetoldthegoodnewstohisparents.他把這條好消息告訴了他父母?？键c(diǎn)三助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞本身無(wú)詞義或意義不完整，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。它必須和別的動(dòng)詞連用，構(gòu)成各種句式、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)等。常見的助動(dòng)詞有：be，do，does，did，have，has，had，will，shall等。助動(dòng)詞的用法助動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)及用法例句be“be+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)Wearelisteningtomusicnow.

態(tài)。我們正在聽音樂(lè)。“be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Englishiswidelyusedbymanypeopleintheworld.英語(yǔ)被世界上很多人廣泛應(yīng)用。do/does/diddo和does可以構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的疑問(wèn)句和否定句。Doyoustilllovemetomorrow?明天你是否依然愛我？Shedoesn,thaveanybooks.她沒(méi)有任何書。did可以構(gòu)成一般過(guò)去時(shí)的否定句和疑問(wèn)句。Theydidn,tbuyanythingatthesupermarketyesterday.他們昨天在超市什么都沒(méi)有買。“do/does/did+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，但僅限于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的肯定句。Mr.Millerdoescooksmealsathomeeveryday.米勒先生每天都在家做飯。will/shallwill和shall可以用來(lái)構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)。shall僅用于第一人稱，will可以用于各種人稱。ShallIgowithyou?我能跟你一起走嗎？Wewillplantmoretreesinthegarden.我們會(huì)在園子里種更多的樹。have/has/had“have/has/had+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成完成時(shí)。Ihavewatchedthegameformanytimes.我已經(jīng)看過(guò)那場(chǎng)比賽很多次了。BeforeImovedtoChina,IhadlivedinAmericaforthreeyears.在搬到中國(guó)之前，我已經(jīng)在美國(guó)住了三年了?！镜淅觥? )1.—yoursonacamera?—No.Heonethissummervacation.A.Has...bought;willbuyB.Did...buy;boughtC.Does...buy;boughtD.Does...buy;willbuy( )2.Shesaidshereturnedthebooktothelibrary.I,msureshe.A.takesB.isC.was D.did考點(diǎn)四情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞一樣，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須與它后面的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞組合在一起共同作謂語(yǔ)。□.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句can（原形）could（過(guò)去式）能，會(huì)。表能力、可能性、允許等意義，相當(dāng)于beableto。WangGangcansingEnglishsongs.王剛會(huì)唱英文歌?？梢浴Ｓ糜谝蓡?wèn)句表請(qǐng)求。Can/CouldIuseyourcar?我能用用你的汽車嗎？用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中表推測(cè)，can意為“可能"，can,t意為“不可能”。Thegirlcan,tbeLucy.ShehasgonetoLondon.

那個(gè)女孩兒不可能是露西。她去倫敦了。hadbetter與第二人稱連用時(shí)，可縮寫為“You’d6?戊廣，意為“你最好”。其否定式是在better后力口not。It'scoldtoday.You'dbetternottakeoffyourcoat.今天很冷。你最好不要脫掉外套。may（原形）might（過(guò)去式）may在問(wèn)句中可以表示征求意見，在陳述句中可以表示許可、較小的可能性等。might可作may的過(guò)去式，也可以是一個(gè)單獨(dú)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示有禮貌的請(qǐng)求、可能等。Billisn'tatschool.Hemaybeathomenow.比爾不在學(xué)校。他可能現(xiàn)在在家。MayIgonow?我現(xiàn)在可以走了嗎？Hetoldmehemightbelate.他告訴我他可能會(huì)遲到。need用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)主要用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件句中，表示必要性。Youneedn'tcomeifyouarebusy.如果你忙的話，就不用來(lái)了。must必須。表命令或要求，強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話人的主觀意愿。It'stoolate.Imustgohomenow.太晚了，我必須回家了。一定。表示肯定的猜測(cè)，一般只用于肯定句中，否定句中用can’t。Lanaishappyandshemustknowtheexcitingnews.拉娜很高興，她一定知道了那條令人興奮的消息。其否定形式為mustn't，意為“禁止；不許”。含有must的問(wèn)句，其否定答語(yǔ)用needn't或don'thaveto。Youmustn'ttalklikethat.你不可以那樣講話。shall表示征求對(duì)方意見時(shí)，用于第一、三人稱為主語(yǔ)的疑問(wèn)句中。ShallMarycomein,sir?先生，可以讓瑪麗進(jìn)來(lái)嗎？用在主語(yǔ)為第二、三人稱的陳述句中時(shí)，表示說(shuō)話者的允諾、告誡、威脅、命令、規(guī)定、必然性等。Youshallsufferforthis.你會(huì)為此事吃苦的。should應(yīng)該。表示義務(wù)、推測(cè)等，可用于各種人稱。Youshouldexercisethreetimesaweektokeepfit.你應(yīng)該每周鍛煉三次以保持健康。will/wouldwill表示意愿，用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)。would用于過(guò)去時(shí)。Iwillpayyouattherateyouask.我愿意按照你要求的比率付款。SheaskedifIwouldgowiththem.她問(wèn)我是否愿意踉他們一起去。會(huì)，愿意，想要?？捎糜诟鞣N人稱，表示意愿。Don'tworry.Iwillhelpyou.別擔(dān)心，我會(huì)幫你的。usedto過(guò)去常常，過(guò)去是（但現(xiàn)在不是了）。Yoursisterusedtobequiet.沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，可以與過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。其否定式為didn'tuseto或usednotto；一般疑問(wèn)式形式是將used提到主語(yǔ)前或用Did...useto？你妹妹過(guò)去很安靜。Youdidn,tusetolikepopsongs.你過(guò)去不喜歡流行歌曲吧。【典例精析】( )1.—:yousinganEnglishsong?—Yes,Ican.A.Can B.MayC.MustD.Need( )2.Studentsinourschoolknowshoutingisnotallowedinthelibrary.A.canB.mayC.mustD.need( )3.—Honey,stayhomebeforeIreturn. —I,Mum.A.mustB.canC.will D.should( )4.Acountryhasdreams.Weteenagersalsohavedreams.Withdreamsandhardwork,anythingamazingcanbecreated.A.mayB.mustC.should( )5.It,sratherhotintheroom.You,dbetterthewindowsorthedoor.A.closeB.nottoclose C.don,tclose D.notclose( )6.一Ihearyou,vegotanewiPhone4S.Ihavealook? 一Yes,certainly.A.MayB.DoC.ShallD.Should( )7.一Itryonthoseshoesinthewindow?—.Theyarejustonshow.(2016?呼和浩特)A.Could;Yes,youcanB.Can;Sorry,youcouldn'tC.Could;Sorry,youcan,t D.Can;Yes,youcould( )8.—HowdoesJackusuallygotoschool?—Herideabike,butnowhe theretoloseweight.A.usedto;isusedtowalk B.wasusedto;isusedtowalkingC.wasusedto;isusedtowalk D.usedto;isusedtowalking口.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞詞義辨析can&beableto易混詞用法例句can表示能力時(shí)，can可以和beableto互換。can只用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)；過(guò)去時(shí)用couldoHecouldplaythepianoattheageoffour.=Hewasabletoplaythepianoattheageoffour.他四歲就會(huì)彈鋼琴。beableto可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。另外，beableto常指經(jīng)過(guò)努力，花費(fèi)了時(shí)間和勞動(dòng)之后才能做到某事。Willyoubeabletofinishthetaskintwodays?你能在兩天內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)嗎？must&haveto易混詞用法例句must必須，應(yīng)該。強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人意志或主觀上的需要。Wemustdothethingsatonce.我們必須馬上做。haveto必須，不得不。強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上的必要性。I,mtiredandIhavetostopandhavearest.我累了，必須停下來(lái)歇一歇。maybe&maybe易混詞用法例句maybe大概，也許。副詞，相當(dāng)于perhaps，用于句首?？膳cmaybe互換。MaybetheboyisfromCanada.=TheboymaybefromCanada.那個(gè)男孩可能來(lái)自加拿大。maybe可能是，在句中作謂語(yǔ)。may為T青態(tài)動(dòng)詞，be為動(dòng)詞原形，用在句中。needn,t&mustn't易混詞用法例句needn,t不必。常作為由must引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句的否定答語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于don,thaveto?！狹ustIfinishtheworktoday?我必須今天完成工作嗎？一No,youneedn,t.Youcandoittomorrow.不，不必。你可以明天再做。mustn,t禁止，不可以。往往作為由may或can/could引導(dǎo)的提出請(qǐng)求的疑問(wèn)句的否定答語(yǔ)。Youmustn,tplayfootballinthestreet.Ifstoodangerous.你不可以在街上踢足球，太危險(xiǎn)了?！镜淅觥? )1.Finishyourhomeworkfirst,thenyou,llwatchTVforanhour.A.can B.beabletoC.able D.could( )2.一MayIgooutforawhile,Mum?一No,you.Youhavetofinishyourhomeworkfirst.A.shouldn,tB.needn,t C.mustn,tD.won,t( )3.一Dad,mustwewaituntilthelightbecomesgreen?一Yes,I'mafraidwe.Thafsthetrafficrule.A.can B.mayC.havetoD.need□.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè).“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)?！踉诳隙ň渲斜硗茰y(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：might,may和must。其中might表示的可能性最小，再次是may,兩者的意思都為“可能”。must表示的把握性最大，意為“一定”。There,snostudentintheclassroom.Theymightplayontheplayground.教室里沒(méi)有學(xué)生。他們可能在操場(chǎng)上玩。Tomtoldmetheheadmasterattheoffice.Themantheremaybetheheadmaster.湯姆告訴我校長(zhǎng)在辦公室。辦公室里的那個(gè)人可能就是校長(zhǎng)。TheboyinredmustbeMike.穿紅色衣服的男孩一定是邁克?！鮟an表示推測(cè)時(shí)一般用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。Themaninthecarcan,tbeMr.Black.HehasgonetoAmerica.汽車?yán)锏哪莻€(gè)人不可能是布萊克先生，他去美國(guó)了。.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)?！酢癿ust+have+過(guò)去分詞”表示過(guò)去一定發(fā)生過(guò)某事或存在過(guò)某種狀態(tài)。Shemusthaveseenthefilmbefore.她之前一定看過(guò)這部電影。□“should+have+過(guò)去分詞”表示過(guò)去本應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事，而實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有做；而它的否定式為“shouldn,t+have+過(guò)去分詞”表示本來(lái)不應(yīng)當(dāng)做，而實(shí)際上卻做了。以上結(jié)構(gòu)常帶有說(shuō)話者責(zé)備對(duì)方的感情色彩。Youshouldhavefinishedyourhomeworkearlier(butinfactyoudidnotfinishitontime). 你應(yīng)該早一些完成你的作業(yè)(實(shí)際上你沒(méi)有按時(shí)完成)?！镜淅觥?1.—Whereareyougoingthismonth?—WegotoXiamen,butwe,renotsure.A.needn,tB.mustC.mightD.mustn't)2.一Haveyoudecidedwheretogoforyoursummervacation?一Notyet.WegotoQingdao.It,sagoodplaceforvacation.A.may B.need C.must)3.ThatT-shirtbeexpensivebecauseit,sbyafamousdesigner.A.can,t B.mustn,tC.must D.should)4.ThewomanwhoistalkingwithMr.Brown beMissLi.ShehasgonetoEngland.A.can't B.must C.mayD.mustn'tPart2動(dòng)詞的形式英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞，一般每個(gè)句子都要有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞來(lái)充當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ)，來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征。動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間不同，動(dòng)詞形式也會(huì)不同，而且主語(yǔ)的數(shù)也對(duì)動(dòng)詞的形式產(chǎn)生影響。因此動(dòng)詞有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣的變化。絕大多數(shù)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般都有五種基本形式，即動(dòng)詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞?，F(xiàn)以work,wash,carry,stop的變化為例來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)詞五種基本形式的變化，幫助同學(xué)們理解動(dòng)詞五種基本形式的變化規(guī)律。動(dòng)詞原形第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞workworksworkingworkedworkedwashwasheswashingwashedwashedcarrycarriescarryingcarriedcarriedstopstopsstoppingstoppedstopped一、第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成方法在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的肯定句中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞也要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成方法與名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成方法基本相同：構(gòu)成方法動(dòng)詞原形第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般情況下在動(dòng)詞后加-scome來(lái)comessing唱singseat吃eats在以s,x,sh,ch以及字母o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后加-espass通過(guò)，經(jīng)過(guò)passesrelax放松relaxesteach教teachesbrush刷brushesgo去goesdo做does以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要把y改為i再加-esstudy學(xué)習(xí)studiesfly飛fliestry嘗試，試驗(yàn)tries不規(guī)則變化be是ishave有，吃，飲has三、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成方法動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式主要用來(lái)幫助構(gòu)成一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，過(guò)去分詞主要用來(lái)幫助構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的規(guī)則變化方法基本相同，不規(guī)則變化則很復(fù)雜，要注意單獨(dú)記憶。1.規(guī)則變化

變化規(guī)律動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞一般直接在動(dòng)詞后加-edask問(wèn)，請(qǐng)求askedaskedhelp幫助helpedhelpedstay停留stayedstayedlisten聽listenedlistened以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只加-dlove愛lovedlovedlive居住livedliveddance跳舞danceddancedclose關(guān)閉closedclosed以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要把y變?yōu)閕再加-edstudy學(xué)習(xí)studiedstudiedcry哭泣c(diǎn)riedcriedtry嘗試triedtriedcarry提，搬運(yùn)，輸送carriedcarried以以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，要雙寫末尾的輔音字母再加-edstop停止stoppedstoppedshop購(gòu)物shoppedshoppedplan計(jì)劃plannedplannedpermit允許permittedpermitted2.不規(guī)則變化變化規(guī)律動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞原形、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞相同的動(dòng)詞let讓letletcut切，割cutcutput放putputset安裝setsetcost花費(fèi)costcosthurt傷害hurthurtbet賭betbet原形與過(guò)去分詞同形，但與過(guò)去式不同的動(dòng)詞come來(lái)camecomerun跑ranrun過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞同形，但與原形不同的動(dòng)詞build建造builtbuiltbring帶來(lái)broughtbroughtbuy買boughtboughtget得到gotgot/gottenfind發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到foundfoundhave有，吃hadhadhear聽見heardheardkeep保持keptkeptlearn學(xué)習(xí)learnt/learnedlearnt/learnedleave離開leftleftlend借出lentlentmake制造mademademeet遇見metmetpay支付paidpaidsay說(shuō)saidsaid

sit坐satsatread[ri:d]讀read[red]read[red]sell賣soldsoldsend送sentsentsleep睡覺sleptsleptsmell聞起來(lái)smelt/smelledsmelt/smelledteach教taughttaughttell告訴toldtoldthink認(rèn)為thoughtthoughtwin獲勝wonwondig挖dugdugspend花費(fèi)spentspent原形、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞三者都不同的動(dòng)詞see看見sawseengo去wentgonedo/does做diddonedrink喝，飲drankdrunksing唱sangsungeat吃ateeatenfly飛flewflowngrow生長(zhǎng)grewgrownforget忘記forgotforgotten/forgotknow知道knewknownride騎roderiddenspeak說(shuō)spokespokensteal偷stolestolentake拿走tooktakenwear穿著worewornwrite寫wrotewritten課后家庭作業(yè)：一、單項(xiàng)選擇。( )1.MustIfinishmyhomeworktoday?No,you.Youcangohomenow.Amustn,tBshouldn,tCneedn,tDcan't( )2.HelikesLanglang,sohelikesplaying.HeplaysitforhalfhoureverydayAthepiano,aBpiano,anCthepiano,anDpiano,a( )3.ThiskindofanimalChina.AiscomefromBisfrom Ccomefrom Darefrom( )4.Lindaisgoodlookingafteroldpeople,sosheisgoodthemAat,atBat,forCfor,at Dat,with( )5.YaoMingisaveryplayer.HecanplaybasketballveryAgood,goodBwell,wellCgoodwellDwell,good( )6.Scotthasaninteresting.Heataradiostation.Ajobs.workBjobs,workCjob,works Djob,work( )7.Sundaymorning,Jimusuallyat7:00AOn,getdressed BAt,getsdressedCIn,getsdressed DOn,getsdressed( )8.YourcakesdeliciousAtastesBtasteCsoundDsounds( )9.doesittakeyoutogethome?AHowfar,toBHowfar,/CHowlong,toDHowlong,/( )10.!Canyouthebirdssinginthetree?AListen,hearBHear,hearCListen,listentoDHear,listento( )11.Hedoesn,tgotoschool,hegoestoschoolhisfather,scarAbybus,byBbythebus,onCbybus,inDbythebus,in( )12.ThereareteachersinourschoolA2hundredsB2hundredC2-hundred D2-hundreds( )13.WewillhaveholidaynextmonthA3dayB3days C3-day D3-days( )14.Johndothedishes?ADo,havetoBDoes,hastoCDoes,havetoDDo,hasto( )15.Idon,tknowtheanswertothisquestion,Jimdoesn,tknow,Atoo Bor CeitherDalso( )16.Let,snotthesecrettoanyoneAtotellBtellCtellingDtotelling( )17.lateforschool.ADon'tbeBDon't CNotbe DNo( )18.doesBoblikethezoo?BecausehelikesanimalsAWhere BWhy CWhich DWhat( )19.Ifyoucan,tfindyourpen,youcanusemine.AThanksalotBOfcourseCYou,rerightDYouarewelcome( )20.WeeatsupperlateintheeveningA.aBanConeD/二、單詞首字母填空。Atthelastm,theplayerkickedtheballin.Thefinal-examistothowyourstudyisinthisterm.She,smygoodfriend.Idon,twanttohurtherf.Mr.Liasksmetoreadasothatallofmyclassmatescanhearmeclearly.ItissaidthatChang,e-6willtakeagofChinesescientiststotheMoonin15years.三、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Ihate(leave)home.Wewereall(please)atthenews.Thisisaprivate(converse)betweenyouandme.He(tidy)uphisbedroomandwentout.Theseeds(grow)ifyouplanttheminthesoil.四、完型填空。Charliecamefromapoorvillage.Hisparentshad__1__moneytosendhimtoschoolwhenhewasyoung.Theboywasverysad.Mr.Kinglivednexttohim.Hefoundtheboy__2__andhadpityonhimandlentsomemoneytohim.Sotheboycouldgotoschool.Hestudiedhardand__3__allhislessons.Whenhefinishedmiddleschool,themanintroducedhimtohisfriendinthetown.Andhebegantowork.OnceMr.Kingwasseriouslyhurtinanaccident.Dying,heaskedCharlietotakecareofhisdaughter,Sharon.Theyoungman__4__andseveralyearslaterhemarriedthegirl.Helovedherverymuchandtriedhisbesttomakeherhappy.Heoftenboughtbeautifulclothesanddeliciousfoodforher.Hewasgoodatcookingandhecooked__5__forher.Soshebecameveryfatandshefeltitdifficulttowalk.Andonedayshefoundtherewassomethingwrongwithherheart.Herhusbandwasn,tathomeandshehadtogoto__6__atonce.Thedoctorslookedheroverandtoldher__7__eatmeat,sugar,chocolateandthingslikethese.Shewasafraid__8__thedoctor,swordsandwroteallthenamesofthefoodonthepaper.Whenshegothome,sheputthelistonthetableand__9__.Whenshereturnedhomethatafternoon,shefoundmanykindsoffood:meat,sugarandchocolateinthekitchen.Charliewasbusy__10__there.Assoonashesawher,hesaidhappily,“I'veboughtallthefoodyoulike,dear!”()1.A.noB.someC.muchD.enough()2.A.lazyB.cleverC.carefulD.hard()3.A.didwellinB.waspooratC.wasworkingD.wasgoodfor()4.A.wasangryB.thoughthardC.agreedD.said“No”()5.A.alittleB.afewC.manyD.alot()6.A.restB.sleepC.hospitalD.work()7.A.shouldB.wouldC.toD.notto()8.A.torememberB.toforgetC.tocatchD.toteach()9.A.sleptB.wentoutC.cookedD.ate()10.A.readingB.seeingC.cookingD.writing五、閱讀理解。ATomwalkedintoashop.Itbadasignoutside:"Second-hand(舊的)clothesboughtandsold."Hewascarryinganoldpairoftrousersandaskedtheowneroftheshop,"Howmuchwillyougivemeforthese?"Themanlookedatthemandthensaid:"Twodollars.""What!"saidTom."Ihadguessedtheywereworthatleastfivedollars.""No,"saidtheman,"theyaren'tworthacentmorethantwodollars.""Well,"saidTom,takingtwodollarsoutofhispocket."Here'syourmoney.Thesetrouserswerehangingoutsideyourshop.Thelistprice(標(biāo)價(jià))ofthemwassixdollarsandahalf.ButIthoughtthatwastoomuchmoney,soIwantedtofindouthowmuchtheywerereallyworth."Thenhewalkedoutoftheshopwiththepairoftrousersanddisappearedbeforetheshopownercouldthinkofanythingtosay.( )1.AtfirsttheowneroftheshopthoughtthatTom.wantedtostealthetrousers B.wantedtosellthetrousersC.wantedtofoolhim D.wantedtobuythetrousers( )2.Theowneroftheshopfortheoldtrousers.A.wouldgiveTomtwodollars B.wouldpaythreedollarsC.wouldpayfivedollars D.wouldgiveTomsixdollarsandahalf( )3.Theshopownerinsistedthatthetrouserswereworthonlytwodollarsbecause.A.hewantedtosellthemcheaply(廉價(jià)地) B.hewantedtobuythemcheaplyC.hedidn'tlikethetrousers D.theywereoldanddirty( )4.Infact,thetrousers.A.werehanginginsidetheshop B.werestolenbyTomfromtheshopC.hadbeentheshopowner's D.hadbeenTom's( )5.Fromthestoryweknowthatcheaperthanthelistprice.A.theownersoldthetrouserstwodollarsTomsoldthetrousersonedollarandahalftheownerboughtth