語言學(xué)語言學(xué)教程 測試題及答案

1.判斷題：Wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegeneticallytransmitted.正確錯誤參考答案：錯誤2.單選題：__________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.A.LinguistictheoryB.PracticallinguisticsC.ComparativelinguisticsD.Appliedlinguistics參考答案：D3.單選題：Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman__________A.contactB.communicationC.relationD.community參考答案：B4.判斷題：Onlyhumanbeingsareabletocommunicate.正確錯誤參考答案：錯誤5.填空題：Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts._____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.參考答案：langue6.判斷題：TheconventionalnatureoflanguageisillustratedbyafamousquotationfromShakespear’splayRomeoandJuliet:“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet”.正確錯誤參考答案：正確7.填空題：LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s_______參考答案：competence8.判斷題：Speechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhumanhistory.正確錯誤參考答案：錯誤9.填空題：Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa_______study.參考答案：diachronic10.填空題：Linguisticsisthe______studyoflanguage.參考答案：scientific11.填空題：Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof_______overwriting.參考答案：speech12.填空題：Modernlinguisticsis_______inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.參考答案：descriptive13.單選題：Whichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary?A.treeB.typewriterC.crashD.bang參考答案：A14.判斷題：F.deSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.正確錯誤參考答案：錯誤15.單選題：__________referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.A.PerformanceB.CompetenceC.LangueD.Parole參考答案：A16.判斷題：Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.正確錯誤參考答案：錯誤17.單選題：Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?A.TransferabilityB.DualityC.DisplacementD.Arbitrariness參考答案：C【quiz2phonology】測試總分：18分【jenny1027】的測試概況：(得分：18分)1.填空題：Inphonologicalanalysisthewordsfail/veilaredistinguishablesimplybecauseofthetwophonemes/f/-/v/.Thisisanexampleforillustrating_______參考答案：minimalpairs2.填空題：Speechtakesplacewhentheorgansofspeechmovetoproducepatternsofsound.Thesemovementshaveaneffectonthecoming______fromthelungs.參考答案：airstream3.判斷題：Accordingtothelengthortensenessofthepronunciation,vowelscanbedividedintolongvs.shortortensevs.lax.正確錯誤參考答案：正確4.判斷題：InEnglish,allthebackvowelsarerounded.正確錯誤參考答案：錯誤5.填空題：InEnglishthereareanumberof_________,whichareproducedbymovingfromonevowelpositiontoanotherthroughinterveningpositions.參考答案：diphthongs6.填空題：Accordingtothefeatureofvoicing,consonantsoundscanbeeither____or____,whileallvowelsoundsare____.參考答案：voicedvoicelessvoiced7.單選題：Pitchvariationisknownas__________whenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.A.intonationB.toneC.pronunciationD.voice參考答案：A8.單選題：Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?A.[n]B.[m]C.[b]D.[p]參考答案：A9.判斷題：InEnglish,allthefrontvowelsandthecentralvowelsareunrounded.正確錯誤參考答案：正確10.單選題：Whichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?A.AcousticphoneticsB.ArticulatoryphoneticsC.AuditoryphoneticsD.Noneoftheabove參考答案：B11.單選題：Whatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?A.VoicelessB.VoicedC.GlottalstopD.Consonant參考答案：B12.填空題：Consonantsdifferfromvowelsinthatthelatterareproducedwithout______.參考答案：obstruction13.判斷題：Suprasegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegment-phoneme,suchassyllable,wordandsentence.正確錯誤參考答案：正確14.判斷題：[p]isavoicedbilabialstop.正確錯誤參考答案：錯誤15.判斷題：Acousticphoneticsisconcernedwiththeperceptionofspeechsounds.正確錯誤參考答案：錯誤16.單選題：Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?A.[i:]B.[u]C.[e]D.[i]參考答案：B【quiz3Morphology】1.填空題：Boundmorphemesareclassifiedintotwotypes:______and______.參考答案：derivationalmorphemesinflectionalmorphemes2.填空題：______isareverseprocessofderivation,andthereforeisaprocessofshortening.參考答案：Back-formation3.單選題：Thethreesubtypesofaffixesare:prefix,suffixand__________.A.derivationalaffixB.inflectionalaffixC.infixD.back-formation參考答案：C4.單選題：Nouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassifiedas__________.A.contentwordsB.grammaticalwordsC.functionwordsD.formwords參考答案：A5.填空題：______isextremelyproductive,becauseEnglishhadlostmostofitsinflectionalendingsbytheendoftheMiddleEnglishperiod,whichfacilitatedtheuseofwordsinterchangeablyasverbsornouns,verbsoradjectives,andviceversa.參考答案：Conversion6.單選題：__________isawayinwhichnewwordsmaybeformedfromalreadyexistingwordsbysubtractinganaffixwhichisthoughttobepartoftheoldword.A.affixationB.back-formationC.insertionD.addition參考答案：B7.填空題：Asmallsetofconjunctions,prepositionsandpronounsbelongto______class,whilethelargestpartofnouns,verbs,adjectivesandadverbsbelongto______class.參考答案：closedopen8.單選題：Thewordslikesmogandmotelareformedby__________.A.blendingB.clippingC.back-formationD.acronymy參考答案：A9.單選題：InEnglish–iseand–tionarecalled__________.A.prefixesB.suffixesC.infixesD.stems參考答案：B10.填空題：Awordformedbyderivationiscalleda______,andawordformedbycompoundingiscalleda______.參考答案：derivativecompound11.單選題：ThewordDINKisformedinthewayof__________.A.acronymyB.clippingC.compoundingD.blending參考答案：A12.單選題：Thereare__________morphemesintheworddenationalization.A.threeB.fourC.fiveD.six參考答案：C13.單選題：Morphemesthatrepresenttense,number,genderandcasearecalled__________morpheme.A.inflectionalB.freeC.boundD.derivational參考答案：A【quiz4-syntax】1.填空題：Wordswhichintroducethesentencecomplementaretermed______參考答案：complementizers2.判斷題：Minorlexicalcategoriesareopenbecausethesecategoriesarenotfixedandnewmembersareallowedfor.正確錯誤參考答案：錯誤3.填空題：______is"asyntacticunitthatfunctionsaspartofalargerunitwithinasentence"參考答案：Constituent4.填空題：Therearetwolevelsofsyntacticstructures.Thefirst,formedbytheXPruleinaccordancewiththehead’ssub-categorizationproperties,iscalled______.Thesecond,correspondingtothefinalsyntacticformofthesentencewhichresultsfromappropriatetransformations,iscalled______.參考答案：deepstructuresurfacestructure5.填空題：Inflistheshortformof______,anabstractcategorywhichindicates______and______.參考答案：inflectiontenseagreement6.填空題：Majorlexicalcategoriesplayaveryimportantroleinsentenceformation.Theydifferfromminorlexicalcategoriesinthattheyareoften______assumedtobethearoundwhichphrasesarebuilt.參考答案：heads7.判斷題：InEnglishsyntacticanalysis,fourphrasalcategoriesarecommonlyrecognizedanddiscussed,namely,nounphrase,verbphrase,infinitivephrase,andauxiliaryphrase.正確錯誤參考答案：錯誤8.判斷題：Anounphrasemustcontainanoun,butotherelementsareoptional.正確錯誤參考答案：正確9.填空題：______istheinversionoperationinvolvingthemovementofawordfromtheheadpositioninonephraseintotheheadpositioninanotherphrase.參考答案：headmovement10.填空題：Sentencehead----______positioncanbetakenbyan______oranabstractcategoryencodedinaverbwhichindicatesthesentence’s______.參考答案：Inflauxiliarytense11.填空題：Syntaxis______thatstudieshowwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesandthe______theformationofsentences.參考答案：abranchoflinguisticsrulesthatgovern12.判斷題：Constituentsthatcanbesubstitutedforoneanotherwithoutlossofgrammaticalitybelongtothesamesyntacticcategory.正確錯誤參考答案：正確13.判斷題：Inacomplexsentence,thetwoclausesholdunequalstatus,onesubordinatingtheother.正確錯誤參考答案：正確14.判斷題：Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,butthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.正確錯誤參考答案：正確15.填空題：theXPrule(revised):XP-->______+______+______參考答案：(Specifier)X(Complement*)16.填空題：Wh-movement:Moveawh-phrasetothepositionunderCP.參考答案：specifier【quiz5semantics】1.填空題：_______oppositesmaybeseenintermsofdegreesofthequalityinvolved.參考答案：Gradable2.單選題：Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“man”canbeexpressedas________.A.+human,+male,-adultB.+human,-male,-adultC.+human,+male,+adultD.+human,-male,+adult參考答案：C3.填空題：_______analysisisbaseduponthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcanbedividedintomeaningcomponents.參考答案：componential4.單選題：Awordwithseveralmeaningiscalled___________.A.anabnormalwordB.apolysemicwordC.asynonymouswordD.Noneoftheabove參考答案：B5.單選題：Whatisthemeaningrelationshipbetweenthetwowords“flower/tulip”?A.PolysemyB.HomonymyC.HyponymyD.Antonymy參考答案：C6.填空題：Thesemanticcomponentoftheword_______are+Human,+Adult,+male,-Married.參考答案：bachelor7.填空題：Accordingtothe“semantictriangle”presentedbyOgdenandRichards,thesymbolor_______referstothelinguisticelements(words,sentences,etc.),the_______referstotheobjectintheworldofexperienceandthethoughtorreferencereferstoconcept.參考答案：formreferent8.單選題：Wecalltherelationbetween“animal”and“cow”as___________.A.polysemyB.antonymyC.homophonyD.hyponymy參考答案：D9.單選題：Whichdescriptionofcomponentialanalysisfortheword“woman”isright?A.+human,-adult,-maleB.+human,+adult,-maleC.+human,+adult,+maleD.+human,-adult,+male參考答案：B10.單選題：Whatisthemeaningrelationshipbetweenthetwowords“rose/tulip”?A.polysemyB.hyponymyC.homophonyD.co-hyponyms參考答案：D11.單選題：Thepairofwords“wide/narrow”arecalled__________.A.gradableoppositesB.complementaryantonymsC.co-hyponymsD.relationalopposites參考答案：A12.單選題：Thepairofwords“borrow/lend”arecalled__________.A.relationaloppositesB.synonymsC.complementariesD.gradableopposites參考答案：A【quiz6Pragmatics】1.單選題：Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaning_________isconsidered.A.referenceB.speechactC.practicalusageD.context參考答案：D2.單選題：AccordingtoSearle,theillocutionarypointoftherepresentativeis______.A.togetthehearertodosomethingB.tocommitthespeakertosomething’sbeingthecaseC.tocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionD.toexpressthefeelingsorattitudetowardsanexistingstateofaffairs參考答案：B3.填空題：A(n)_______actistheactofutteringwords,phrases,clauses.Itistheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexiconandphonology.參考答案：locutionary4.單選題：Asentenceisa_________concept,andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedinisolation.A.pragmaticB.grammaticalC.mentalD.conceptual參考答案：B5.填空題：A(n)_______actistheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention;itistheactperformedinsayingsomething.參考答案：illocutionary6.填空題：Therearefourmaximsunderthecooperativeprinciple:themaximof_______,themaximofquality,themaximofrelationandthemaximofmanner.參考答案：quantity7.判斷題：Themeaningofasentenceisabstract,butcontext-dependent正確錯誤參考答案：錯誤8.填空題：_______weresentencesthatdidnotstateafactordescribeastate,andwerenotverifiable.參考答案：Performatives9.判斷題：Itwouldbeimpossibletogiveanadequatedescriptionofmeaningifthecontextoflanguageusewasleftunconsidered.正確錯誤參考答案：正確10.單選題：Whenanyofthemaximsunderthecooperativeprincipleisflouted,_______mightarise.A.impolitenessB.contradictionsC.mutualunderstandingD.conversationalimplicatures參考答案：D11.判斷題：Themeaningofanutteranceisdecontexualized,thereforestable.正確錯誤參考答案：錯