高考英語語法專項講義：主謂一致難點精講

高考英語語法專項講義：主謂一致難點精講簡明概述：主謂一致即主語與謂語在語法單復數形式上保持一致。本章節(jié)重點羅列了高考中經常會考到且常出現的幾種易錯難點以供大家參考、復習。以“s”結尾的書名、雜志名、國家名、組織名，雖然字面上是“復數”形式，但其實只能作為一個獨立的個/整體。所以作主語時，謂語動詞要為單數。典型例句：TheUnitedStates

has

50states.TheForbes（《福布斯》雜志）was

foundedin1917.TheUnitedNations

has

takenstepsto

ameliorate

thissituation.并列結構作主語例句對比：Studying

and

working

are

bothindispensable

and

shouldbebalancedevenly.（當A和B分別指兩個不同概念的時候，謂語要用復數）Thediplomat

and

universityprofessor

has

taughtmealot.（當A和B由and連接，A前有“the”，B前卻無定冠詞時，兩者表示指代的為同一人或事物，謂語需用單數）就近原則：Therebe“Therebe”中“be”的單復數取決于最靠近它的名詞。比較例句：There

are

two

tables,onechairleftinthatclassroom.There

is

one

chair

and

twotablesleftinthatclassroom.There

is

one

ortwothings

I’d

liketosharewithyounow.就近原則：either…or…;neither…nor…;AorB;連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞的單復數由最靠近它的主語決定對比例句：Eitheryouor

thatboy

is

tobepunished.Neitherthatboynor

you

are

tobepunished.就近原則：notonly…butalso…對比例句：Notonlyyoubutalso

thatgirl

wants

thetoy.Notonlyyoubutalso

I

am

keenonjazzmusic.就近原則：Here…對比例句：Here

is

onepen

and

twodrawingsonthedesk.Here

are

twodrawings

and

onepenonthedesk.就近原則：not…but…

“不是……而是……”例句：Notthesubjectteacherbut

the

colorful

textbooks

whet

myappetiteformorestudy.謂語單數：noneof+可數名詞/不可數名詞+V單neitherof+可數名詞/不可數名詞+V單eitherof+可數名詞/不可數名詞+V單注：在口語中有時上述三種情況也可以用V復（但只是在后跟可數名詞的時候），但是考點大部分是以考查V單為重點總結：noneof+可數名詞+V單/復neitherof+可數名詞+V單/復eitherof+可數名詞+V單/復例句：Noneof

rice

is

tobewasted.Neitherof

thetwohotels

boasts/boast

aswimmingpool.Eitherof

you

takes/take

theresponsibilitytocleantheoven.就遠原則：with,alongwith,togetherwith,like,except,but,morethan,nolessthan,aswellas,inadditionto,asmuchas,ratherthan,etc.例句：Herbody

exceptherfeet

has

beenrecoveredfromtheaccident.Thetwoboys

ratherthanthatgirl

were

giving

aninstrumentalperformance

justnow.Agoodattitude

togetherwithsuperior

English-speakingskills

leads

tothesuccessofthe

competition.Experiencedhealth-careprofessionals

inadditiontostate-of-the-artfacilities

guarantee

thehigh

quality

ofthehospital.謂語單數：主語由every,each,some,no,any,noone,one,thing等構成的復合代詞例句：Each

ofus

enjoys

thefashionshow.Hefeltthat

something

strange

was

leaningtowardshim.謂語單數：表示距離，金錢，時間，度量的復合名詞作主語時，通常把這些名詞看做一個整體，因此謂語要用單數形式例句：Another

twohours

is

enoughtogetfullypreparedforthecontest.Two

centimeters

was

permittedforaverageerrorofmanufacturingthiskindofmachineinancienttimes.看具體情況而定：如果名詞單復數同型，就要根據語境中的實際意義及修飾這些詞的詞來確定其謂語形式。這些詞如：aircraft,species,series,deer,fish,sheep,headquarters,means,etc.例句：Many

possible

means

have

beentriedtosettlethedispute.Each

aircraft

is

equippedwiththemostadvancedtechnology.（根據所修飾的詞each來判斷）Sheep

are

raised

fortheirwoolandmeat.（按語境中的含義）看具體情況而定：some,all,most,any,half,enough,therest,theremainder,etc.和疑問代詞what,who,which,whatever,whoever,whichever,etc.的謂語單復數由其指代的詞的含義來決定。例句：Who

are

shoutingthere?Whatever

was

thematter?Sixstudentswentabroadforfurthereducationfromthekeyhighschool,but

most

are

juniorstudents.Riceflourisoneoftheingredientstomakethecakeand

most

is

cheap.看具體情況而定：集合名詞的謂語單復數要根據所代表的含義來決定。這些詞有：family,audience,crew,crowd,class,company,committee,army,club,couple,enemy,group,government,jury,party,personnel,staff,team,union,etc.當它們表示一個整體的概念時，謂語用單數形式；當表示集體中的每一個成員時，謂語則用復數形式。例句：Her

family

are

happytohelpothers.（她家庭中的每一個成員）The

jury

is

madeupoftwelvepeople.（陪審團作為一個整體的概念）謂語復數：集合名詞people,police,cattle,poultry,folk,youth在任何情況下都用復數形式。例句：The

police

are

onthescene（在現場）.People

lead

asafe

and

happylifeinCanadaduetosoundlaw

and

order.謂語單數：thenumberof+名詞復數+V單anamountof+不可數名詞+V單aquantityof+不可數名詞+V單謂語復數：anumberof+名詞復數+V復amountsof+不可數名詞+V復quantitiesof+不可數名詞+V復就近原則：halfof,partof,mostof,aportionof等詞的謂語單復數通常與of后面的名/代詞保持一致。例句：Aportionof

seafood

was

reservedforhim.Mostof

teenagers

tend

tospendmoneylikewater.Partof

hertime

is

preparedfortakingcareofherchildren.謂語單數：Manya+名詞單數+V單例句：Many

apage

ofthedictionary

has

curledupfromconstant

and

neglectfuluse.謂語單數：Morethanone+名詞單數+V單例句：There

is

morethan

oneoil-producingcountry

threateningtocutoffsuppliestoJapan.Morethan

onechapter

is

broughttoourattentionwhenitcomestoAfrican

literature.謂語復數：以“s”結尾表示群島，瀑布，山脈等專有名詞的謂語要用復數形式。例句：TheAlps（阿爾卑斯山脈）provide

aperfectscenery.謂語復數：在表示姓氏的專有名詞前加the，詞尾加-s，表示一家人時，謂語要用復數例句：TheSmiths

are

veryniceandwilltakecareofmydogwhen

I

spendmyholidaysinforeigncountries.謂語單數：以“-ics”結尾的表示學科或疾病的名詞作主語時，謂語要用單數。這些詞如：linguistics,politics,mathematics,

statistics,optics,economics,physics,electronics,acoustics,mumps（腮腺炎）,measles（麻疹）,etc.注：如果這些名詞表示的是具體的觀點、數據、實踐活動或性能現象時，謂語要用復數。對比例句：Measles

is

knownas

aninfectiousillness.Politics

is

asubject.（政治學）His

politics

pointout

thathewillhavetouseforcein

theworst-casescenario.（政治觀點）Statistics

is

oneofmymajorsinuniversity.（統(tǒng)計學）Statistics

show

thatthenumberofhomelesspeopleisincreasinglyexpandinginthisregion.（統(tǒng)計數據）謂語復數：the+(a.)指代一類人例句：Theold

need

morefreepublichealth-careservicesprovidedfromtheadministration.注：但是當根據上下文語境，the+(a.)指個人時，謂語要用單數形式例句：Theaccused

was

sentencedto

fourteenyears

ofimprisonment.謂語單數：the+(a.)表示某類事物例句：Thebeautiful

makes

usfeelbetterwheninthefaceofpressure.謂語單數：動名詞和不定式由“and”連接，指同一概念或事情時，謂語用單數；若指不同概念的兩件事時，則用復數例句：Weeping

and

wailing

is

uselesstosolveanyproblems.Readingdetectivenovels

and

playingthepiano

are

my

favorite

hobbies.謂語復數：分數或百分數+of+N復

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V復