Unit 4 單詞精講課件 【高效識記+延伸拓展】高中英語人教版（2019）選擇性必修第三冊

Unit4單詞精講1．qualifiedadj.符合資格；具備……的知識(或技能、學(xué)歷等)(1)aqualifiedaccountant/teacher一位合格的會計(jì)師/教師tobehighly/suitably/fullyqualified非常/正好/完全合格bequalifiedforsth.具有做某事的資格，知識或技能be/feelqualifiedtodosth.有資格做某事(2)qualifyvt.使具有資格；證明…合格vi.取得資格；有資格qualifyforsth.有權(quán)；使用權(quán)(做某事)qualifyas…取得……資格；作為……合適qualifysb.forsth.使某人具備做某事的資格(3)qualificationn.資格；資歷；學(xué)歷havethequalificationsfor有資格做某事單句語法填空(1)Allthecolleaguesconsiderhimtobeavery________(qualify)teacherinthisschool.(2)ManypeoplethinkMrLiisquitequalified________(be)headmasterofthisschool.(3)ShegraduatedfromauniversityandIthinksheisqualified________thisposition.(4)MrsWanghastakenacertificateandshequalifies________abusdriver.(5)Hiswifehasthe___________(qualify)forlawyer,butsheisnowworkinginacompany.qualifiedtobeforasqualifications2．enthusiasticadj.熱情的；熱心的(1)beenthusiasticabout…對……熱情/感興趣(2)enthusiasmn.熱心；熱情；熱衷的事物befullofenthusiasm充滿熱情(3)enthusiasticallyadv.熱心地；狂熱地單句語法填空(1)He’salwaysbeenveryenthusiastic________sports.(2)Today,Iamjustas________________(enthusiasm)aboutmyjobasthedayIfirststarted.(3)Everyday,sheworks________________(enthusiastical).aboutenthusiasticenthusiastically3．a(chǎn)ssignvt.分派；布置；分配assignsb.sth.＝assignsth.tosb.分配某物給某人assignsb.tosth./assth.指定/指派某人做某事assignsb.todosth.指定/安排某人做某事They’veassignedtheirbestmantothejob.Thetwolargeclassroomshavebeenassignedtous.Theteacherassignedadifferenttasktoeachofthechildren.Wehavebeenassignedthetwolargeclassrooms.Theteacherassignedeachofthechildrenadifferenttask.UNforceshavebeenassignedtohelpwithpeacekeeping.4．a(chǎn)bandonvt.放棄；舍棄；拋棄(1)abandonsb.(不顧責(zé)任、義務(wù)等)遺棄某人beabandonedby…被……所拋棄abandonsth.tosb./sth.放棄某物給某人或某物abandonaplace/sth.離開某地/某物abandonfaith/hope失去信心/希望abandononeselftosth./doingsth.沉溺于(做)某事abandonone’shope/plan/idea放棄希望/計(jì)劃/主意(2)abandonedadj.被拋棄的；被遺棄的【語境助記】Thechildwasabandonedbyhisparents.Eventuallytheabandonedboywasfoundwanderinginthestreet，abandoninghimselftodespair.abandonvt句中學(xué)1.Eveninhisdarkestmoments,Beethovenneverabandonedhope.譯林新選必①–22.Peoplefindallsortsofexcusesforabandoningananimal.

2010北京3.Snowforcedmanydriverstoabandontheirvehicles.4.Fearingfurtherattacks,mostofthepopulationhadabandonedthecity.放棄遺棄離棄離棄abandon寫出下列句子中畫線部分精準(zhǔn)的漢語釋義。1.Thematchwasabandonedbecauseofbadweather. ___________2.Thesearchforthemissingsailorswasabandonedaftertwodays.___________3.Fearingfurtherattacks,mostofthepopulationhadabandonedthecity.___________4.Themarketmightabandonthestock,andknockdownitsprice.

__________5.Asharedbikeisleftabandonedatabusstop. ___________adj

被遺棄的放棄/終止離棄清理取消完成句子(1)Thecaptainorderedallpeopleto______________________(棄船).(2)Thecountry_______________________________________(不再支持他們的政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人)afterthewar.(3)Thevillagers______________________________________(放棄他們的村莊，把它留給敵人).(4)They________________________________(停止了比賽)becauseofrain.(5)Hefelthopelessand___________________________________________________(整天到處閑逛).abandonshipabandonedtheirpoliticalleadersabandonedtheirvillagetotheenemiesabandonedthematchabandonedhimselftoplayingaroundalldaylong5．belongingsn.[pl.]財(cái)物；動產(chǎn)(1)asenseofbelong歸屬感personalbelongings個人財(cái)產(chǎn)(2)belongvi.屬于belongto屬于，無被動語態(tài)，也不用于進(jìn)行時。單句語法填空(1)Chinaisacountry________(belong)tothethirdworld.(2)Asweknow,lions________(belong)tothecatfamily.(3)Onthetrainallherbelongings____________(steal)lastweek.(4)Thatredcarbelongs________MissLi.belongingbelongtowerestolen6．voyagen.&vi.航行；航海完成句子(1)___________________hasbeenoneofunbrokensmoothness.他的人生旅程一直一帆風(fēng)順。(2)Theydiedofthirst__________________.他們在航行途中因缺水而死亡。(3)____________________tookhim600,000kilometersinorbit.他的太空之旅有600000公里是在軌道上航行。(4)________________________willtakeusaweek.我們航行到英國將歷時一周。ThevoyageofhislifeonthevoyageThevoyagetoEnglandThevoyageinspace7．resolven.決心；堅(jiān)定的信念(1)resolvev.解決；解答；決心；決定resolvesth.解決某事resolvetodosth.決定做某事resolveondoingsth.決定做某事(2)resolutionn.決議；解決；堅(jiān)定單句語法填空(1)Theymadeafirmresolve________(set)upacompanyoftheirowntorealizetheirdream.(2)Mikeresolved________(run)forthemayoroftheircity.(3)Hehasalreadyresolvedon________(ask)Maryformarriage.(4)Theyhaven’tfoundaproper________(resolve)tothatproblem.tosettorunresolutionasking8．turndown

拒絕；調(diào)小(音量)turnto求助于；翻到(書的某頁)；開始從事；查閱；轉(zhuǎn)向turninto…變成……turnup出現(xiàn)；露面；調(diào)大turnout證明是；結(jié)果是；外出turnover打翻；翻身；移交turnoff關(guān)掉(電源等)turnon打開(開關(guān))IfyouturntoPage40,youwillfindit.Whileintrouble,youcanturntoherforhelp.Hedidn’tturnupatthemeetinguntilhalfpastten.Yourfatherisworking,sopleaseturndowntheTValittle.ItturnedouthewastheGeneralManagerofthecompany.Followthemainroaduntilitbranchesandthenturntotheleft.Apieceoficewillturnintowaterifitistakenintoawarmroom.Heturnedoverthethermosbottlebyaccidentandhadhisfootburned.Afterheleftuniversityhebecameateacher,butlaterturnedtojournalism.Heturneddownmysuggestionandturnedoverthebusinesstohisdaughter.WhydidNelsonMandelaturntoviolencetomakeblackandwhitepeopleequal?完成句子(1)Thebookturns____________tobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.(2)Thespeciestheyindirectlyattackwillturn________toppredators(捕食者).(3)Turn________anonlineinstructorforhelp.(4)Mikepromisedtocome,butI’mnotsurewhyhehasn’tturned________yet.(5)Heturned________theTVandsatdownonthesofatowatchthefootballgame.(6)Nowyoumustturn________yourradioandgotobedatonce.outintouponoffto9．crueladj.殘酷的；殘忍的；冷酷的(1)itiscrueltodosth.做某事是殘忍的、殘酷的becrueltosb.對某人殘酷(2)cruellyadv.殘酷地；非常地(3)crueltyn.殘酷；殘忍；殘酷的行為Noanimalescapesthecruelknifeintheend.Douglaswasoftencruellytormentedbyjealoussiblings.It’sextremelycrueltoperformanexperimentonliveanimals.Hislifehasbeencruellyshatteredbyaneventnotofhisownmaking.Thecold,hardcrueltyoftwoyoungmenisvividlybroughttolifeinthistruestory.選用cruel,cruelly或cruelty填空(1)Ican’tstandpeoplewhoare________toanimals.(2)So________isthemanthathenevershowsanymercytowhoeverisagainsthisopinion.(3)Theirbeautifuldreamwasbroken________.(4)Youwillanswerforyour________tothepeoplearoundyou.(5)Bothwere________tired,yetBeckysaidshethoughtshecouldgoalittlefarther.cruelcruelcrueltycruellycruelly10．thoroughadj.深入的；徹底的；細(xì)致的(1)

thoroughcleaning/examination/inspection/checkup/investigation一場徹底的大掃除/檢查/視察/核查/調(diào)查(2)

thoroughlyadv.徹底地；完全地【易混辨析】(1)thoroughadj.深入的；徹底的(2)thoughadv.雖然；可是conj.雖然；盡管(3)throughprep.穿過；通過adv.從頭到尾；直達(dá)地；徹底，完全(4)thoughtn.思想，也是think的過去式及過去分詞形式完成句子(1)________________________________________，fourthingsarenecessary.為了完全掌握一門外語，有四點(diǎn)是必要的。(2)Thisexplanation,ofcourse,__________________________byeveryonepresent.當(dāng)然，在場的每一個人都完全理解這種解釋。(3)Engineerscarriedout_______________________ofthetrack.工程師對軌道進(jìn)行了徹底檢查。(4)Thepolicecarriedout_____________________________.警方展開了全面的調(diào)查。(5)Detectivescarriedout_______________________ofthebuilding.偵探對那棟大樓進(jìn)行了徹底的搜查。Inordertoknowaforeignlanguagethoroughlywasthoroughlyunderstoodathoroughinvestigationathoroughsearchathoroughinspection11．a(chǎn)pplicationn.應(yīng)用；申請；應(yīng)用程序；敷用(1)applyvt.應(yīng)用；敷藥，涂抹vi.申請，適用；專心applyforsth.申請(得到)某物applytosb.forsth.向某人申請某物beappliedto適用于；應(yīng)用于applysth.to…將某物涂抹于……beappliedto應(yīng)用于applyoneselfto致力于(2)applicantn.申請人Theresultsofthisresearchcanbeappliedtonewdevelopmentsintechnology.Studentslearnedthepracticalapplicationofthetheorytheyhadlearnedintheclassroom.單句語法填空(1)Heslowedthebleedingby________(apply)pressuretothewoundsuntilthepoliceandambulancearrived.(2)Sofar,morethanonehundredpeoplehaveapplied________thisposition.(3)Thisnewmedicinecanbeappliedto_____(treat)COVID-19．(4)Hisgrandfatherhasapplied________(he)toteachingallhislife.(5)Twenty________(apply)haveaskedforthisjob,soyouareluckytohavebeenadmitted.(6)Yououghttohandinyour___________bytheendofthismonthifyouwantthisjob.applyingforhimselfapplicationtreatingapplicants12．recreationn.娛樂；消遣；游戲(1)recreationn.娛樂，消遣(不可數(shù))；娛樂活動(可數(shù))(2)recreationaladj.娛樂的；消遣的單句語法填空(1)Thetownanditsenvironmentareinviting,with________(recreation)attractionsandartmuseums.(2)Thereareallkindsof_______________(recreation)inourschoolwhenschoolisover.recreationalrecreations13．guidancen.指導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)；導(dǎo)航(1)underone’sguidance＝undertheguidanceofsb.

在某人的指導(dǎo)下guidanceforsb.onsth.就某事給予某人的指導(dǎo)seekguidancefromsb.向某人尋求指導(dǎo)(2)guiden.指南；指導(dǎo)；導(dǎo)游vt.給某人領(lǐng)路guidesb.to…引導(dǎo)某人到……YoucanseekguidancefromProfessorWangifyouarenotsureinyourwork.However,myfriendandguide,WangPing,wasveryunderstandingandgavemesomegreentabletswhichhelpedalot.14．a(chǎn)dvertisingn.廣告活動；廣告業(yè)(1)advertisevt.&vi.公布；宣傳；做廣告advertisefor征聘；公布beadvertisedas…被宣傳為……advertiseaproduct/abusiness/yourservices

做廣告宣傳產(chǎn)品/企業(yè)/你的服務(wù)項(xiàng)目(2)advertisern.登廣告者；廣告商(3)advertisementn.(以圖片、文字等方式出現(xiàn)的)廣告(4)advertisevt.&vi.分布；宣傳；做廣告單句語法填空(1)Ifyouwanttoattractmorecustomers,try_______________(advertise)inthelocalpaper.(2)Wearecurrentlyadvertising________anewsalesmanager.(3)Sheadvertisesherself________thebestcookinthetown.(4)The___________(advertise)spoketoohighlyoftheirproductsintheadvertisement.(5)Nowwecansee____________(advertise)almosteverywhere.advertisingforadvertiserasadvertisements15．commitmentn.承諾；保證；奉獻(xiàn)(1)commitmenttosb./(doing)sth.對某人/某事的承諾(2)commitmenttosb./sth.

獻(xiàn)身；奉獻(xiàn)；投入(3)commitmentn.(可數(shù))已承諾的事；不得不做的事(4)commitmentn.(不可數(shù))花費(fèi)；使用thecommitmentofresourcestoeducation

對教育的資源投入【拓展提升】(1)commitvt.做，干；多用于錯誤的事、壞事commitamistake犯錯誤

commitacrime犯罪commitsuicide自殺(2)commitvt.承諾commitsb./oneselftosth./todoingsth.承諾；保證寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Thecompany’scommitmenttoprovidingqualityatareasonablepricehasbeenvitaltoitssuccess.___________2.Iwasimpressedbytheenergyandcommitmentshownbytheplayers.___________

3.Womenveryoftenhavetohaveabalancebetweenworkandfamilycommitments.

___________4.Achievingsuccessatthislevelrequiresacommitmentoftimeandenergy.___________奉獻(xiàn)精神

承諾家庭事務(wù)投入commitment寫作同義異構(gòu)：你還能想到哪些表示“專注于/致力于做某事”的表達(dá)？belostindevoteoneselftofocusonbeoccupiedinbe

absorbed

indevote…tobeinvolvedinbeengagedinbededicatedtosthburyoneselfinbeemployedindoingsthconcentrateon完成句子(1)Ihave________________，andthereisnowaytodrawback.我既然已做了保證，就無法收回。(2)Hehas__________________________________them.他答應(yīng)負(fù)擔(dān)他們的生活。(3)Womenoftenhavetojuggleworkwiththeir______________________.婦女經(jīng)常得兩頭兼顧，既要工作又要照管家庭。(4)Toprovidemorejobchancesisthegovernment’s___________________publicservices.提供更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會是政府對公共服務(wù)事業(yè)做出的承諾。committedmyselfcommittedhimselftosupportfamilycommitmentscommitmentto16．makefire

生火beonfire在燃燒underfire受到攻擊catchfire著火lightafire點(diǎn)火putoutafire滅火playwithfire玩火；冒險(xiǎn)beonfirefor因……而激動；充滿激情befulloffire充滿激情setfiretosth.＝setsth.onfire放火燒某物完成句子(1)Tellthechildrennotto________________inthehouse.It’stoodangerous.(2)Thereisabigforestfireonthehill.Alotoffirefightershavebeensentto________________.(3)It’ssocoldintheopenair.Shallwe________________tokeepourselveswarm?(4)Look,thecaris________.Let’sgoandputitout.(5)It’stoodarkonthecountryroad.Wehadto________togivelight.playwithfireputoutthefiremakeafireonfirelightafire17．giveoff

放出(熱、光、氣味或氣體)giveaway贈送；分發(fā)；頒發(fā)；泄露giveback歸還；送回；使恢復(fù)givein屈服；讓步giveout分發(fā)；耗盡；發(fā)出giveup放棄Hemadethechoicetogiveallhismoneyaway.Wegaveaway5,000plasticbagsattheexhibition.Themayorgaveawaytheprizesattheschoolsportsday.In1958hegaveupteachingtobecomeafull-timewriter.Highabove,theskywasfilledwithgasthatgaveofflightlikethesun.完成句子(1)Shedecidedtogivetheseoldclothes________.(2)You’vegiven________agoodchanceofsuccess.(3)Itisn’tmine;Imustgiveit________totheowner.(4)Hewillsoongive________becausehecannotwinthegame.(5)TheEnglishteachergave___________theexaminationpapersat7:50．(6)Ican’tanswerthatpuzzle;Igive________.awaybackin/upout/awayup/inaway18．motiven.動機(jī)；目的；原因amotivefor(doing)sth.做某事的動機(jī)amotivetodosth.做某事的動機(jī)完成/翻譯句子(1)Thepolicearelookingforhis_______________________(犯罪的動機(jī)).(2)_____________________________________________(我不清楚他這樣做的動機(jī)).motiveforthecrime/motivetocommitthecrimeI’mnotawareofhismotiveindoingthat19．signup

注冊；簽名；報(bào)名(1)signup注冊；簽名；報(bào)名；簽雇用合約(2)signupforsth.報(bào)名參加某項(xiàng)活動Youshouldsignupforcreativecourses.Whoeverwantstogotheremustsignuphere.Canyoutellmewheretosignupfortravelling?Excuseme,isthiswhereIsignupfortheAnnualFunRun?20．copewith

應(yīng)付；處理(1)cope是一個不及物動詞。如果接賓語，則必須加上介詞with。(2)todealsuccessfullywithsth.difficult(成功地)對付；處理困難的事情(3)copewithsb.意為“同某人競爭”。(4)toacceptsth.unpleasantorbearit接受或容忍不愉快的事情Suchqualitiescanhelpuscopeinacrisis,nomatterwhatorwhereitis.Shewasabletocopewithbringingupherthreechildrenwithonlythreehundreddollars.完成句子(1)I’msureyoucan______________________.我相信你能夠處理好這個危機(jī)。(2)Youshouldlearnto_________________________________.你應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會與同學(xué)競爭。(3)Ican’t____________________________.我受不了這里的惡劣天氣。(4)ThingshavegonetosuchasituationthatI________________.情況已經(jīng)到了這種境地，我完全應(yīng)付不了。(5)Inourcompanyrobots________________.在我們公司機(jī)器人把所有的事情都處理了。copewiththecrisiscopewiththebadweatherherecan’tcopewithcopewitheverythingcopewithyourclassmates水面“粗糙的”氣流“粗糙的”“粗糙的”思考即不確切“粗糙的”感受即不舒服“粗糙的”環(huán)境即不安全道路“粗糙的”rough語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖粗糙的rough（基本義）

（表面）粗糙的；（道路）崎嶇的（天氣）惡劣的；有暴風(fēng)雨的風(fēng)浪大的粗略的艱難的；難受的多暴力的；犯罪率高的rough一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Becausetheareasusedforplayingfieldsareoftenroughandrocky,millionsofrealballsgoflatwithin24hours.（2013湖南）

__________2.TheAtlanticOceanhaspersonalities:sometimespeacefulandpleasant,onrareoccasionsroughandwild;alwaysitisstrongandstriking.（2013重慶改）__________3.Thefirstyearwasrough,butthingshavegottenbetter.__________4.Wewereonlyabletomakearoughestimateofhowmuchfuelwouldberequired. _________高低不平的風(fēng)浪大的艱難的大致的/粗略的二、根據(jù)所給漢語完成下列句子。1.Cathyfinallyjoinedourlocalswimteam.Theteampractice,however,was_____________（艱難的開始）.（2016天津）2.Thoughthespanofwaterislessthan100mileswide,itis_____________________（風(fēng)浪大且危險(xiǎn)）.（2012天津）

3.Shefoundwritinghelpedher_________________________（度過艱難的日子）.（2011全國）4.Idon’tunderstandwhattheengineermeans,butI’vegota______________（大致知道）oftheprojectplan.（2009浙江）5.Ata

_________________（粗略估計(jì)）,NigeriaisthreetimesthesizeofGreatBritain.aroughstartroughanddangerousgetthroughtheroughdaysroughidearoughestimatesink語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖sink下沉；下落基本義船下沉（具體物）身體下沉（由物及人）情緒下沉（由具體到抽象）程度上下沉（由具體到抽象）降低；減弱高度下沉（高度）消沉；陷入（高度）下降倒下；坐下（使）下沉；（使）沉沒同形異義詞寫出下列句子中畫線單詞的詞性及漢語釋義。1.Maryfoundthatthetable-tennisbatswereprintedwithpatternsoflittlebats.______________________2.WhileGeorgewasshavingoffthebarkofatree,adogcamerunningandbarkedathim.______________________3.Inthemuseumhesawthatthesculptureofasealwassealedinaglassbox.______________________4.Thewomanwearingfineclotheswasfinedfordrivingtoofast.______________________同形異義詞指拼寫相同，但意義不