《物流專業(yè)英語》PPTUnitLogisticsDecisionMaking

Discussion1）Whatisthedefinitionofasupplychain?

2）Whataspectsdoesasupplychaininclude？3）Whatistheroleoflogisticsinthesupplychain?

4）WhatisSCMconcernedwith?

5）WhatisthetaskofSCM?6）Inyouropinion,whyisSCMimportant?7)WhataretheobjectivesofSCM?單詞學(xué)習(xí)petitorn.hierarchicalstructure等級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)hierarchyn.等級(jí)制度，階層，層次flatstructure扁平結(jié)構(gòu)executiveadj.n.executev.seniorjunioradministrativea.行政的，管理的administrationn.管理，經(jīng)營administratorn.管理人，行政官員單詞學(xué)習(xí)advancedadj.高級(jí)的，先進(jìn)的advancingadj.前進(jìn)的，向前推進(jìn)的developedadj.發(fā)達(dá)的developinga.發(fā)展中的schedulingn.行程安排schedulen.計(jì)劃，日程表techniquen.方法，技巧technicala.技術(shù)的extendv.extendeda.延長的，擴(kuò)大的extensiveadj.廣泛的

Module1Unit6

Logisticsdecision-making

物流決策Decision-making決策決策，就是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)一定的目標(biāo)，提出解決問題和實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的各種可行方案，依據(jù)評(píng)定準(zhǔn)則和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在多種備選方案中，選擇一個(gè)方案進(jìn)行分析、判斷并付諸實(shí)施的管理過程。決策無處不在?。▊€(gè)人決策、企業(yè)決策、政府決策……)Text課文講解Themodernorganizationinafreemarketplaceneedstobeanagileone,abletomakerapiddecisions,inordertorespondto

thechangingcircumstancesandthereby

gainanadvantageoveritscompetitors.在一個(gè)自由市場(chǎng)里，現(xiàn)代組織需要成為一個(gè)反應(yīng)敏捷的組織，能夠作出快速的決定，以便能對(duì)不斷變化中的情況作出反應(yīng)，并因此而超過其競(jìng)爭對(duì)手的優(yōu)勢(shì)。Agility靈敏度Agilityimpliestheabilitytomovequicklyandtomeetcustomer’sdemandsooner.Inafast-changingmarketplaceagilityisactuallymoreimportantthanlong-termstrategyinatraditionalbusinessplanningsense.靈敏度意味著加快動(dòng)作的速度，更快地滿足客戶需求。在快速變化的市場(chǎng)中，靈敏度其實(shí)比傳統(tǒng)商業(yè)規(guī)劃中的長期戰(zhàn)略更加重要。Organizationstructure組織結(jié)構(gòu)傳統(tǒng)等級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)高級(jí)執(zhí)行層中高級(jí)管理層低級(jí)管理層行政層/運(yùn)營層職能部門Foranumberofyears,therehasbeenatendencyforanorganizationto‘delayer’andcreatewhatisknownasa‘flatstructure’.Thismeansthatsomelayersofmanagementappearinginthetraditionalorganizationstructurehavebeenremoved.許多年來，有一種在機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)‘減少層次’、并創(chuàng)立一個(gè)人們所熟悉的‘扁平結(jié)構(gòu)’的傾向。這就意味著在傳統(tǒng)組織結(jié)構(gòu)中的某些管理層次已經(jīng)被消除。扁平管理結(jié)構(gòu)減少管理層次高級(jí)執(zhí)行層管理層行政層/運(yùn)營層部門/業(yè)務(wù)單位鐵道部鐵路企業(yè)的扁平化

集團(tuán)公司（鐵路局）總公司站、段鐵道部集團(tuán)公司站、段

弗里德曼先生以它獨(dú)特的視角講述了世界正在變平的過程。他在書中援引了很多熱點(diǎn)話題，介紹了諸多令人矚目的市場(chǎng)和炙手可熱的行業(yè)。開放源代碼、外包、離岸生產(chǎn)、供應(yīng)鏈和搜索技術(shù)等被描述成為鏟平世界的10大動(dòng)力，而中國、印度等國家和一些站在全球頂尖位置的公司和機(jī)構(gòu)，則被描述成變平的世界中舉足輕重的角色。書中寫到的許多現(xiàn)象新鮮但不陌生，更有一些是我們工作中接觸過甚至直接參與的商業(yè)行為。ThestrategicaimThisisthehighestlevelstatementabout

whattheorganization’sleaderswishtoachieve.ItwillusuallybedraftedbytheBoardandwillbeinthemostgeneralforms.戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)這是關(guān)于單位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)希望達(dá)到的最高水平的陳述。它將由董事會(huì)來起草并將以最通用的形式出現(xiàn)。ThemissionstatementThenextleveldowninvolvesthedevelopmentofmissionstatements.Whiletherecanbeonlyonestrategicaim,therecanbemanymissionstatementswithinanorganizationatavarietyoflevels.Amissionstatementalwaysgivesaclearindicationofwhatistobedone.

崗位職責(zé)（使命陳述）接下來的一個(gè)層次涉及到崗位職責(zé)的制訂。崗位職責(zé)可以有許多個(gè)，而戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)卻只能有一個(gè)。崗位職責(zé)總是清楚地指出該做的事情。ThetaskstobecarriedoutThetasksprovidethedetailofhowthemissionistobeachieved.待執(zhí)行的任務(wù)各項(xiàng)任務(wù)提供了如何完成使命的細(xì)節(jié)。Thestrategicaimandmissiondonotnecessarilyremainthesameforever.Newaimsandmissionscanbeintroducedtocoverspecificrequirements.Inthediagrambelow,theBoardhaveconceivedanaimtoraisethecompany’sprofileandfromthatdecisionflowaseriesofmissionsandtasks.戰(zhàn)略目的和使命不一定永遠(yuǎn)維持不變。可以引入新目的和使命來覆蓋具體的要求。在下圖中，董事會(huì)提出了一個(gè)可以提升公司檔次的目標(biāo)，從這個(gè)決定里，派生出一系列的使命和任務(wù)。StrategicAimTobeamongthetop10performingcompaniesinthesectorwithin5yearsManagingDirector’sMissionincreaseturnoverby20%reducecostsby30%within5yearsinordertobeamongthetop10performingcompaniesinthesectorTransportDeptMissionReducetransportcostsby20%inordertoreduceoverallcostby30%WarehouseDeptMissionReduceinventoryby10%inordertoreduceoverallcostby30%SalesDeptMissionIncreasesalesby20%戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)在五年內(nèi)成為業(yè)內(nèi)10佳績優(yōu)公司執(zhí)行董事使命增加營業(yè)額達(dá)20%五年內(nèi)降低成本達(dá)30%以便成為業(yè)內(nèi)10佳績優(yōu)公司運(yùn)輸部門使命

降低運(yùn)輸成本達(dá)20%以便降低總成本達(dá)30%倉庫部門使命

降低庫存成本達(dá)10%以便降低總成本達(dá)30%銷售部門使命

增加銷售量達(dá)20%TrafficOfficeMissionReducedeadmilesby10%inordertoreducetransportcostby20%MaintenanceDeptMissionReducevehicledowntimeby20%inordertoreducetransportcostby30%TasksImplementadvancedroutingandschedulingtechniques.TasksOperateextendedworkinghours.交通辦使命降低無效里程（空駛里程）達(dá)10%以便降低運(yùn)輸成本達(dá)20%維護(hù)部門使命降低車輛停歇時(shí)間達(dá)20%以便降低運(yùn)輸成本20%任務(wù)實(shí)施先進(jìn)的線路和行程安排技巧任務(wù)實(shí)行延時(shí)工作制3.Keytotheexercises練習(xí)答案

1.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish:

1)Whydoesamodernorganizationneedtobeanagileone?Themodernorganizationinafreemarketplaceneedstobeanagileone,abletomakerapiddecisions,inordertorespondtothechangingcircumstancesandtherebygainanadvantageoveritscompetitors.2)Canyoudescribethedifferencebetweenatraditionalhierarchicalstructureandaflatstructure?Atraditionalhierarchicalstructurefocusesonverticalcontrolfromthetop.Acompanywithsuchastructureismoreorlesslikeagovernmentdepartmentfeaturingrigidrulesandregulations.Andthebosshasthefinalsayforeveryvitalissuewithlessparticipationbytheemployees.Whereasaflatstructurefocusesonperformanceandacompanywithsuchstructureisusuallytarget-orientedwithaviestounleashthecreativityofitsemployees.3)Howdoyouunderstandtheword‘delayer’?Whenusedinacompanystructure,theword“delayer”usuallymeanstoremovetheunnecessaryorinefficientdepartmentsatcertainlevelsinordertomakethecompanymoreproductiveandcompetitive.4)Whatisastrategicaimandinwhatwaysisitimportantforacompany’sdevelopment?Thisisthehighestlevelstatementaboutwhattheorganization’sleaderswishtoachieve.Itisimportantbecauseitisaguidelineforthecompany’slong-termdevelopment.5)WhatisthedifferencebetweentheBoardandthemanagement?TheBoard,knownastheBoardofDirectors,iscomposedofdirectorswhoownthecompany’sshares,wherethemanagementisagroupofpeopleappointedbytheBoardtomanagethecompanyandtoexecuteinstructionsfromtheBoard.Itispossiblethatadirectorisalsoamemberofthemanagement.

2.PutthefollowingwordsorphrasesintoChinese:functionaldepartmentslowermanagementsenior/middlemanagementtraditionalhierarchicalstructuregainanadvantageoverthechangingcircumstancesanagileorganizationdecision-making職能部門下層管理部門中高層管理部門傳統(tǒng)等級(jí)型結(jié)構(gòu)取得對(duì)…的優(yōu)勢(shì)變化中的環(huán)境快速靈活的機(jī)構(gòu)決策

3.PutthefollowingwordsorphrasesintoEnglish:戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)董事會(huì)使命陳述減少層次構(gòu)想一個(gè)目標(biāo)提升公司形象業(yè)內(nèi)前十位績優(yōu)公司提高營業(yè)額達(dá)20%降低30%成本線路管理和日程管理庫存總量銷售量strategicgoaltheboardofdirectorsmissionstatementtodelayertoc