高考英語閱讀理解題解題技巧

高考英語閱理解題解題巧對閱讀理解能力的測試是高考英考試中必不可少的測試項(xiàng)目考學(xué)生對于不同體裁或不同題材語言材料的理解能力及通過材料的閱讀對材料中信息的捕獲能力英語閱讀理解題的難度在不斷增大生們也大多知難而進(jìn)下面北新東方中小學(xué)一對一賀楠老師與大家分享解題技巧。一四一閱高考閱讀不同文體按照題型分類主要分為五大類：細(xì)節(jié)題、推理題大題、詞義句意猜測題、結(jié)構(gòu)順序題。1、細(xì)節(jié)題解題技巧細(xì)節(jié)題名義是針對文章的某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)而設(shè)置的試題節(jié)題的命題方法很多，如可能是對某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)用同義結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換后進(jìn)行考查可是將文章中的幾個(gè)細(xì)通常是四個(gè)放一起要求考生判斷是（選出正確的一項(xiàng)或選出錯(cuò)誤的一項(xiàng)對幾個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行排序等解這類試題時(shí)一個(gè)常的方法就是運(yùn)用定位法根據(jù)題干或選項(xiàng)中的線索詞從原文中找到相關(guān)的句子選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較從而確定答此要特別注意一些常見的同義轉(zhuǎn)換）?，F(xiàn)在圍繞上述的定位理論，引申出幾個(gè)小的技巧：（1）關(guān)信息定位法。這個(gè)主是細(xì)節(jié)題，如涉及到數(shù)字（日期、時(shí)間、價(jià)格等），就可以在文章中快速圈出數(shù)字找出目標(biāo)數(shù)字及相對應(yīng)的細(xì)節(jié)作息還有人物姓名地點(diǎn)名詞等等他還包括一些提示情節(jié)發(fā)展綱性關(guān)鍵字眼First，，F(xiàn)inally等等。AsayounggirlgrowingupintheIalwayswantedflya，butbackthenitwasalmostunheardofforwomantodothat.Igotatasteofthatdreaminmyhusbandarrangedmetorideinahotairballoonformybirthday.（2011年高英語北京A）Whathappenedtoauthorin2011SheflewanairplaneSheenteredacompetitionShewentonahotairballoonrideShemovedintoaretirementcommunity解析：此題屬典型細(xì)節(jié)題，通過題干中的時(shí)間in2011不難定位到文中粗體字部分，很容易可以鎖定正解為C。（2）同定位法。英文中可以Paraphrase表。同義定位就是指問題所用的關(guān)鍵詞和文中的不一致，但屬于同義性質(zhì)，同義轉(zhuǎn)換其實(shí)是在關(guān)鍵間的基礎(chǔ)上拐了個(gè)彎。Helongsforconversationsaneditorwhowillhelpturnhisgoodideasintogreatones.Hewantstogetaboutwhathe'sdoingandtohelp1/himturnhisstoryideaupsidedowninsideoutexploringthebestwaystoreportit.Hewantstobemorevaluableforyourpaper.年高考英語北京B篇Whatdoesthereporterwantmostfromhiseditorsintheir？Findingthenewsvaluehisstories.Givinghimfinancialsupport.Helpinghimtofindissues.Improvinghisgood解析題屬細(xì)節(jié)題方為義定位法中的talks文章中conversations對應(yīng)，而wantmost和longs對應(yīng)，這樣不難得出答案為。小結(jié)在閱讀中精快速的定位加上正確的理解力才能保證做題的量與質(zhì)位是需要在做題的過程中有意識的培養(yǎng)的題的技巧也是可以總結(jié)的鍵要自覺培養(yǎng)這種分析歸納和總結(jié)的意識以及能力。2、推理題解題技巧推斷題定義解文字面意思的基礎(chǔ)上對篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析和細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，做出一定的判斷和推理，從而得到文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過程。出現(xiàn)特征：在考題中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的詞有，implyindicate，conclude，learnfrom，probably，mostlikelyprove/according等SheupatthedoorstepofmyhouseinCornwall.NowaycouldIhavesentheraway.Noway，notmeanyway.Maybehadkickedheroutoftheircarthenightbefore.“We'removinghouse.'；“Nospaceforheranymorewiththebabycoming.”“Weneverreallywanted，butwhatcouldwe？Shewasa”Peoplefindsortsofexcusesforabandoningananimal.AndshewasoneofthemostbeautifuldogsIhadseen.HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutGoldiewhentothe？（2010年高考英語北京A篇A.Shocked.B.Sympathetic.C.Annoyed.D.解析：由題目得知：是考察作者的態(tài)度題。首先定位到文章作者的話語和行為，即（1）NowaycouldIhavesentaway.No，meanyway.Weneverreallywantedher，couldwehavedonewasapresent.“Peoplefindallsortsofexcusesforabandoningananimal.shewasoneofthemostbeautifuldogsIhadseen.可知作者對它是正的情感，排除，D.由作者對它的不舍，答案選B3、主旨大意題解題技巧型使逆推法要在閱讀原文基礎(chǔ)上，仔細(xì)考慮選項(xiàng)是否與文章主題有密切聯(lián)系再看選項(xiàng)對文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何2/要注意題目是否過大或者過小要避免下列三種錯(cuò)誤概括不夠（多表現(xiàn)為部分代整體，導(dǎo)致范圍過?。┻^度概括（多表現(xiàn)為擴(kuò)大范圍）以事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)代替抽象概括的大意。FederalregulatorsWednesdayatocreateanationwideemergencyalert（警）systemusingmessagesdeliveredtocellphones.messageshavebeenpopularinrecentyears，particularlyamongyoungpeople.Theindustry'stradeassociationCTIA，estimates（估計(jì)）morethan48billiontextmessagesaresenteachmonth.TheplancomesfromtheWarningAlertandResponseNetworkAct，a2006federallawthatrequiresimprovementstotheemergencyalertsystem.TheacttaskedtheFederalCommunicationsCommission（FCCwithcomingupwithnewwaystoalertthepublicaboutemergencies.“TheabilitydeliveraccurateandtimelywarningsandalertsthroughcellphonesandothermobileservicesisanimportantnextstepinoureffortsensurethattheAmericanpublichastheinformationtheyneedtotakeactiontoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies，andduring，disastersandotheremergencies，F(xiàn)CCChairmanKevinMartin，followingtheplan.Participationinalertsystembycarriers-telecommunicationscompaniesisvoluntary，butitreceivedsupportfromthewirelessindustry.Theprogramwouldbeoptionalforcellphoneusers.TheyalsomaynotchargedforreceivingTherewouldbethreedifferenttypesofmessagesaccordingtotherules.Thefirstwouldbeanationalalertfromthepresidentlikelyinvolvinganaturaldisaster.Thesecondwouldinvolve“approachingthreats”whichcouldincludenaturaldisasterslikehurricanesstormsoruniversityshootings.Thethirdwouldbeforchildabduction（綁架）emergencies，orso-calledAmberAlerts.Theservicecouldbeinplaceby2010.（年高考英語山東卷篇66.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthe？CellPhoneAlertsProtectingStudentsCellPhoneAlertsWirelessIndustryCellPhoneAlertsNationalDisastersCellPhoneAlertsComingSoon3/解析：。主旨大意題。第一段開門見山，提出將創(chuàng)建一個(gè)全國性的短信警報(bào)系統(tǒng)；最后一段重申主題，對這種新系統(tǒng)的未來進(jìn)行展望。因此最準(zhǔn)確的標(biāo)題是D。A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在protectingstudents；B項(xiàng)在bywirelessindustry；C錯(cuò)在NationalDisasters。4、詞義句意題解題技巧要求考生通過閱讀上下文，結(jié)合中學(xué)生應(yīng)有的賞識來推測尚不熟悉的詞或者詞組的意思。出現(xiàn)特征：劃線或者引號解題方法之一：根據(jù)上下文，往往是本句中的同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測。Weekslater，standingthisunfriendlymasswastotallylost.Ohwell，IloweredthepaperandsatdownatmyburningtofindoutwhatIhadwrong.Asaclassmatebeganhisitallbecame，“MyreportisonGeorge，themanstartedtheAmericanRevolution.”Thewholeworldbecamequite！HowcouldIknowthatmeantthatGeorgeWashington？62.Theunderlinedword“burninginPbablymeans（2012年北京，篇，62，答案D）A.annoyedB.ashamedC.readyD.eager解析：從burning這詞來說，意為“發(fā)熱的，強(qiáng)烈的，燃燒的”，后面緊跟動詞詞組“findout”明在尋找時(shí)刻的情是很緊張和急迫的，最后是一個(gè)賓語從句，是我曾經(jīng)做錯(cuò)過什么，那么這個(gè)題目顯然就是選擇和“渴望的，熱切的”詞義，顯然為D選。5、結(jié)構(gòu)順序題解題技巧常見提問方式：HowisthepassageorganizedWhichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage？Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainly….解題思路：注意主題段。主題段通常在文章的開頭，簡要概括文章的中心思想，找出或者總結(jié)每段的主題句主句可能在段落的開頭，也可能出現(xiàn)在段落的中間或末尾。如何確定主題句的方法見主旨題之mainidea。最后根據(jù)每段主題確定段與段之間的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系，承上啟下，使文章行文連貫，邏輯嚴(yán)密。為突出主題，作者可能采用不同的寫作手法來組織文章，通過舉例、比較、類比等手法來透徹闡明主題觀點(diǎn)。TheDiet：ADangerousPlaceDiet，dietPepsi，dietpillsno-fatdietvegetablediet…Wearesurroundedbytheword”everywherewelookandlisten.Wehavesoeasilybeenattractedbythepromiseandpotentialofdietproductsthatwehavestoppedthinkingaboutwhatdietaredoingtous.Wearepayingproductsthatharmuspsychologicallyandphysically（身體上.4/Dietproductssignificantlyweakenuspsychologically.Onone，wearenotallowingourbraintoadmitthatourweightproblemslienotinactuallytheweight，butcontrollingtheoffatty，high-calorie，unhealthyfoods.Dietproductsallowustojumpoverthethinkingstageandgostraightforthescale（秤）instead.Allwetoistoswalloworrecognizetheword“diet”infoodlabels.Onanotherlevel，dietproductsgreaterpsychologicaleffects.Everytimewehaveazero-caloriedrink，wearetellingourselveswithoutourawarenessthatwedon'ductsmakepeoplebelievecomeswithoutpain，andthatlifecanbewithoutresistanceandstruggle.Thedangerofdietproductsliesnotonlyinthepsychologicaleffectstheyhaveon，butalsoinphysicalharmthattheycause.foodscanindirectlyharmourbodiesbecauseconsumingtheminsteadhealthyfoodsmeanswearepreventingourbodiesfromhavingbasicnutrients營養(yǎng)成分.Dietfoodsanddietpillscontainzerocaloriesonlythedietindustryhascreatedchemicalstoproducethesewonderproducts.Dietproductsmaynotbe，andthechemicalthatgointodietproductsarepotentiallydangerous.Nowthatweareawareoftheeffectsthatdietproductshaveonus，itistimetoseriouslythinkaboutbuyingthem.Losingweightliesinthepowerofminds，notinthepowerofchemicals.Oncewerealizewebebetterabletoresistdiet，thereforepreventthepsychologicalharmthatcomesfromusingthem.高英語北京卷E篇75.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofpassage？5/解析第段點(diǎn)明節(jié)食產(chǎn)品誤導(dǎo)人們段明節(jié)食產(chǎn)品對人們心理上的影響；第三段說明節(jié)食產(chǎn)品誤導(dǎo)人們認(rèn)為不費(fèi)勁就可以減肥對人們身體上的危害四說明節(jié)食產(chǎn)品的危害五說明人應(yīng)該慎重對待節(jié)食產(chǎn)品從文章結(jié)構(gòu)上看應(yīng)該是B項(xiàng)正確。二、七選五型閱讀考生需要在語篇信息存在缺失的情況下確理解整篇文章別是設(shè)題部位前后句的邏輯關(guān)系，通過上下文的線索進(jìn)行判斷，預(yù)測下文，然后做出正確判斷。命題分析們?nèi)绻颜恼驴闯梢粋€(gè)信息群個(gè)息群實(shí)際上是由兩大信息版塊構(gòu)成的：已知信息：原文在五處空缺之外的沒有被挖掉的信息待選信息：七個(gè)待選選項(xiàng)中的信息這兩個(gè)信息板塊間絕不是孤立的是緊密的互動邏輯關(guān)系起是一篇完整的文章?？荚囶}型對學(xué)生的考察能力來看無外乎兩個(gè)方面：把握整篇文章的布局和邏輯層次關(guān)系把握微觀信息間關(guān)聯(lián)性（即空格前后句間關(guān)系）解題方法：詞匯同現(xiàn)、詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)、代詞妙用、數(shù)字線索、邏輯線索。MuzakThetimeyougointoabank，astore，orasupermarket，stopandlisten.Whatdoyouhear？_____（71）It'ssimilartothemusicyoulistento，butit'snotexactlythesame.That'sbecausethismusicwasespeciallydesignedtorelaxyou，ortogiveextraenergy.Sometimesyoudon'teventhemusicplaying，butyoureacttothemusicanyway.Quietbackgroundmusictobecalled“elevator（電梯）music”becauseweoftenhearditinelevators.Butlatelyhearitinmoreandmoreplaces，andithasanew“MuzakAboutone-thirdofthepeopleinAmericato“Muzak”everyday.Themusicplaysminutesat，withshortpausesinbetween.Itisalwaysmorelivelybetweentenandinmorning，andbetweenthreeandfourintheafternoon，whenpeoplearemoretired.______（72）IfyoutoMuzakcarefully，youwillprobablyrecognizenamesofmanyofthesongs.Somemusiciansorsongwritersdon'twanttheirsongstobeusedasMuzak，butothersarehappywhentheirsongsarechosen.？_____（73）Musicisoftenplayedpublicplacesitisdesignedtopeoplefeellesslonelywhentheyareinanairportahotel.IthasbeenMuzakdoeswhatitdesignedtodo.TiredofficeworkerssuddenlyhavemorewhentheyhearthepleasantsoundofMuzakin_____（74）Supermarketshoppersbuy38percentgroceries.6/_____（75sayit'sboringtohearthesamesongsallthetime.ButotherpeopleenjoyhearingMuzakinpublicplaces.Theysayithelpsthemrelaxandfeelcalm.Onewayoranother，Muzakaffectseveryone.farmersevensaytheircowsgivemoremilkwhentheyhear?。?010高考英語北京卷）Somepeopledon'tlikeMuzak.Themusicgivesth