FallprotectionPresentation-高處作業(yè)安全

0Fall

Prevention/Protection

高處墜落

預(yù)防/保護(hù)

1WELCOME歡迎Introduction介紹Time時(shí)間Breaks休息Phones/Pagers電話/對(duì)講機(jī)Questions問題Quiz測(cè)試2Workingatheighthasalwaysbeenahazardousbusiness…高空作業(yè)一直都是一項(xiàng)危險(xiǎn)的事情Gravityhadmuchthesamestrengthinthe1930’sasithasnow…1930年的重力和如今的重力一個(gè)樣Then,asnow,limbswerejustaspronetobreakinafall,Vitalorganstotearandcrush...因此，如今發(fā)生高空墜落的話，一樣會(huì)肢體折斷、器官破裂Skulls–tocrack...頭骨粉碎Brains–tosplatter...腦漿四溢Butyouwouldn’tnecessarilyknowitfromthefollowingpictures:但是從如下圖片中，你看不出這些問題來：3EmpireStateBuilding帝國(guó)大廈Lifting4EmpireStateBuilding帝國(guó)大廈Riveting5SlingingEmpireStateBuilding帝國(guó)大廈6ElectricalworkEiffelTower艾菲爾鐵塔7GoldenGateBridge金門大橋LiftingWhatdoweaccepttodaythatwewillnotaccepttomorrow?RockefellerCenter,洛克菲勒中心19329Statistics統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)…..Onethirdofallconstructionfatalitiesarefallrelated.1/3的建筑施工死亡事故與墜落有關(guān)Theconstructionindustryaverages115,000fallrelateddisablinginjurieseachyear.68,000arefallsfromanelevationand54,000ofthoseinjuriescouldhavebeenpreventediffallprotectionmeasureswereused.建筑業(yè)平均每年發(fā)生115000起墜落致殘事故，其中68000起是高處墜落事故，54000件通過采取預(yù)防措施可以避免。Ifyoudon’tusefallprotection,itwon’twork!如果不采取墜落保護(hù)措施，將不允許開工屋頂Roofs33%其他Other4%腳手架Scaffold5%吊籃Manlifts7%房頂開口RoofOpenings8%梯子Ladders11%結(jié)構(gòu)施工Structures23%跳板Catwalks12%FatalFallsToday,byTypeofAccident高處墜落死亡事故的類型分布10Objectives目標(biāo)Aftercompletingthistrainingcourse,participantswillbeableto:完成本次課程培訓(xùn)后，參與人員將能夠：Identifypotentialfallhazards識(shí)別潛在墜落危險(xiǎn)Selectappropriateprotection選擇適當(dāng)?shù)谋Ｗo(hù)措施Demonstratespecificinspectionactivitiesforfallprotectionequipment進(jìn)行墜落防護(hù)用品的專項(xiàng)檢查。Demonstrateproperuseofpersonalfallarrestsystem正確使用個(gè)人墜落保護(hù)系統(tǒng)Describetheirrolesandresponsibilitiesregardingfallprevention描述墜落防護(hù)相關(guān)的角色和責(zé)任11FallPrevention/Protection

Policy墜落預(yù)防/保護(hù)政策WhatarethetopthreethingstorememberinourProject’sfallprotectionpolicy:本項(xiàng)目要記住的3條最重要的墜落保護(hù)政策：100%FallPreventionorProtection100%的墜落預(yù)防或保護(hù)政策100%FallPreventionorProtection100%的墜落預(yù)防或保護(hù)政策100%FallPreventionorProtection100%的墜落預(yù)防或保護(hù)政策12DynamicsofaFall墜落動(dòng)力學(xué)Fallsfromelevationsusuallyoccurwithoutwarning.高處墜落通常沒有預(yù)警就發(fā)生了Afteronesecond,youwillhavefallenover15ft.(4.6M)1秒后掉落的高度是4.6米Afallingobjectacceleratesat32ft(9.8M)persecond.墜物每秒速度增加9.8米/秒Thefurtheryoufall,thefasteryouaremovingwhenyouhittheground.墜落的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，撞擊地面的速度就越快Ittakesanaverageperson3/4ofasecondtoreact!10ft(3M)havealreadypassed!人平均要3/4秒才能反應(yīng)過來?。?米/10英尺）(3M)(4.6M)(19.8M)(44.8M)(33.8kph)(67.6kph)(96.6kph)(0M)13GeneralRequirements一般要求Planningmustinclude:計(jì)劃必須包括JobHazardAnalysisand工作危險(xiǎn)分析

SafetyTaskAnalysisRiskReductionTalk安全任務(wù)分析和降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)談話Breakthejobintologicalsteps將工作按邏輯分步Identifythehazardsand辨識(shí)危險(xiǎn)Communicatewithall, theplantoeliminate thehazardsor與所有人員交流危險(xiǎn)消除的計(jì)劃Developsuitablesolutions制定合適的解決辦法Includeemployeesinallpre-taskplanning將全部人員考慮到工作計(jì)劃中JobHazardAnalysisEliminatesHazards14ControllingFallHazards墜落危險(xiǎn)控制SupervisorsResponsibility主管職責(zé)Supervisorsmustcarefullyreviewandplaneachjob…主管必須認(rèn)真計(jì)劃和審核每項(xiàng)工作Lookforfallexposures查找墜落危險(xiǎn)Trytoengineeroutfallexposures努力用技術(shù)消除墜落暴露Consideralloptions/methodstoeliminateand/orreducefallexposures…考慮所有消除或減少墜落暴露的選擇和方法Sequenceofwork工作順序Alternativeaccess可供選擇的通道Alternativeprotection可供選擇的保護(hù)措施ThesearecalledEngineeringControls

這些被稱為工程技術(shù)控制措施15SafeguardingAgainstFalls墜落防護(hù)措施EngineeringControls:工程技術(shù)控制Providewalking/workingsurfaceinelevatedareas-Guardrailsystems:高處提供行走/工作面—圍欄系統(tǒng)

-Scaffold–Stationary/Mobile腳手架—固定的、移動(dòng)的

-Ladders梯子

-Temporaryworkplatforms臨時(shí)工作平臺(tái)

-Manlifts吊籃1st-MethodsofPrevention第一類保護(hù)方法16SafeguardingAgainstFalls墜落防護(hù)措施2nd-MethodsofProtection第二類保護(hù)方法Personalfallarrestsystem:人身防墜系統(tǒng)-Fullbodyharness全身式安全帶-Lanyard系索-Anchorage,connectors系掛點(diǎn),連接器 -Decelerationdevices減速器-Lifelines生命線*Maybeincludedorsomecombination可以全部使用,也可以部分使用17SafeguardingAgainstFalls防墜落措施basicstepstofollow:基本步驟Identifyexposure識(shí)別暴露危險(xiǎn)Removehazard移除危險(xiǎn)Protectworkerfromhazard保護(hù)工人免受傷害Selectappropriatefallprotectionsystem選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膲嬄浔Ｗo(hù)系統(tǒng)Followproperconstructionandinstallationmethods遵守正常的施工和安裝方法Communicateclearlywithemployees與員工充分交流Haveacompleteunderstandingofrequirements,procedures,etc完全明白要求、程序等Usesafeworkpractices沿用安全工作實(shí)踐18TotalSystemsApproach系統(tǒng)的全部方法Employeescanberescuedfrom:下面作業(yè)的工人需要營(yíng)救Overheadwork/steelerection高空作業(yè)/鋼結(jié)構(gòu)施工Confinedspaces密閉空間Excavations/trenches開挖/挖掘作業(yè)Planshouldinclude:計(jì)劃應(yīng)包括Activation活化作用Rescuepersonnel(SafetyTeam)營(yíng)救人員（安全小組）Rescueequipment（營(yíng)救設(shè)備）Responsetraining(SafetyTeam)應(yīng)急培訓(xùn)（安全小組）19ControllingFallHazards墜落控制措施Selectionshouldbecompatiblewithtypeofworkandparticularhazard.系掛點(diǎn)的選擇要與工作和具體危險(xiǎn)相適應(yīng)Tie-offaboveyourshoulders掛點(diǎn)高于肩部Tie-offpointshallberatedat2268kg/5,000poundsperperson系掛點(diǎn)要能承受每個(gè)人2268KG/5000磅的沖擊力

DONOTTIE-OFFTO:不要系掛在

-Cabletray電纜盤上

-Conduit管道上

-Weldedpipelessthan2”小于2英寸的電焊管上

-Rebar螺紋鋼筋

-ANYTHINGTHATWILL NOTHOLD5000#任何不能承受5000磅的物體2021Anchorage系掛點(diǎn)AreYOUtiedofftosomethingthatwillsupportME?你是否系掛在可以掛我的地方。REMEMBER….ItMUSTsupport5000lbs(2268kg)!記?。罕仨毮艹惺?268KG22ControllingFallHazards墜落控制措施2TYPES:HorizontalandVertical兩種：水平的和垂直的Mustbedesigned,installed,andusedundersupervisionofqualifiedperson必須在合格人員監(jiān)督下設(shè)計(jì)、安裝和使用Musthaveminimumbreakingstrengthof 5,000lb./2268kg破斷拉力不少于2268KGMustbeprotectedagainstbeingcut,abraded,orburnt必須防割傷、磨損或火燒InspectALLlinesbeforeeachuse每次使用前檢查整條救生繩23Horizontallinesshallbe1/2in(12.7mm)cableminimum,securedwithatleastthree

cableclamps直徑不少于12.7mm，要用至少3個(gè)夾子固定MusthaveHorizontalLifelineTagInspected–Signature必須要有標(biāo)牌——經(jīng)過檢查簽名ControllingFallHazards墜落控制措施24HORIZONTALLIFELINETAG水平救生繩標(biāo)牌ControllingFallHazards墜落防護(hù)措施DateInstalled:安裝日期:CompetentPerson:

安裝人:MAXIMUMOF2EMPLOYEESONLY最多2個(gè)人使用FRONT正面BACK背面25ControllingFallHazards危險(xiǎn)控制措施FRONT正面BACK背面●HORIZONTALLIFELINE(2PersonMaximum)InspectionRecordDate:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Signature:

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________26Verticallinesrequireindividuallinesforeachemployee垂直救生繩要求1人使用1條繩ControllingFallHazards墜落控制措施27ControllingFallHazards墜落控制措施Properinstallationanduse:正確安裝和使用Securewithshackles,carabineers,andwireropeslings;mustbecapableofsupporting2268kg/5,000#Impactloading用卡環(huán)、鋼絲繩等固定，必須能承受2268KG的沖擊力Attachtaglineropetoextenddevicetoelevationsbelowpointofattachment在系掛點(diǎn)下系拉繩以延長(zhǎng)設(shè)備長(zhǎng)度Usedduringsteelerectionbeforeinstallationofotherfallprotectionsystems沒安其他墜落保護(hù)措施時(shí)，鋼絲繩要保持豎直使用Onlyoneworkercanbeattachedtoaretractable1條防墜器只能系1個(gè)人Secureddirectlytobackd-ring直接系掛在D環(huán)上CorrectIncorrect28ControllingFallHazards墜落控制措施Whileclimbingorworkingfromladders:爬梯子或在梯子上工作時(shí)：Wearanduseapprovedfallprotection穿戴和使用經(jīng)過批準(zhǔn)的墜落保護(hù)Temporaryconstructionladderswillextendatleast3ft(.9m)abovelandingandshallbesecured—haveanother

employeeholdtheladderatthebottomuntilitissecured臨時(shí)施工用梯子頂部要高出作業(yè)面3英尺，并且有人在梯子底部扶住。Usebothhandsanddo Notcarrymaterial使用兩只手爬梯子，不要手里拿材料

29ControllingFallHazards墜落控制措施Whenriding/workingfromthesedevices:在這些設(shè)施上作業(yè)時(shí)：Donottieofftoanyadjacentpoleor

structureoutsidethedeviceyouoccupy不要將安全帶系掛在工作設(shè)施鄰近的桿上或外面的結(jié)構(gòu)上WearfallprotectionequipmentPlaceliftonsolidandlevelsurfaceRespectthedevicelimitations

Onlyauthorized,qualified,andtrained

personnelarepermittedtouseaerial/scissorlifts

30AerialLift高空起升車100%Tie-offtoManufacturedinstalledanchoragepoints.100%將系掛點(diǎn)掛在廠家指定的地方Gatessecured.門要固定Inspectpriortoeveryuse.每次使用前進(jìn)行檢查31ScissorLift剪刀式起升車100%Tie-offtoManufacturedinstalledanchoragepoints.Gatessecured.Inspectpriortoeveryuse.points.100%將系掛點(diǎn)掛在廠家指定的地方門要固定.每次使用前進(jìn)行檢查32ControllingFallHazards墜落控制措施Whenriding/workingfromthesedevices:在這些設(shè)備上作業(yè)時(shí)Wearapprovedfallprotection穿戴經(jīng)過批準(zhǔn)的墜落保護(hù)用品Securelanyardtothebasket’sanchoragepointatalltimes任何時(shí)候都將安全帶掛在吊籃Observetheloadlimit注意載重量Reviewrequirementsin

suspendedpersonnelplatformsifnecessary必要時(shí)，審核吊籃作業(yè)平臺(tái)Ensurethatsuspendedpersonnelplatformchecklistiscompleted–LiftPlan確保完成吊籃檢查表——起吊計(jì)劃

33ControllingFallHazards墜落控制措施Whiletraveling/workinginelevatedskeletalsteel/openstructuresmorethan6ft/2maboveground,youmustwearandusepersonalfallprotectionequipment—在高度離地面超過2米的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)上行走或作業(yè)，必須穿戴使用正確的個(gè)人墜落保護(hù)用品Determinethecombinationofequipmentthatisbestsuitedforthelocation確定最適合作業(yè)位置的設(shè)備組合方法Laddersandpersonnelhoist

shouldbeusedwhenever

possible只要有可能，應(yīng)使用梯子和吊人設(shè)備Lifelinesystemsshallbe

installedforfallprotection應(yīng)為墜落防護(hù)安裝救生索系統(tǒng)

34ControllingFallHazards墜落危險(xiǎn)控制

Determinethestability,placement,andmethodofoff-loadingthematerial確定材料卸載的穩(wěn)定性、放置及方法。Watchfootplacement,andinspecttrailerfloorsforholesandrotten/weakdecking觀察底層的放置，檢查拖車上的空洞及腐蝕/脆弱的甲板。Donotstandbetweenloadsbeinghoistedandthehoistingdevice,truckcab,bulkheadsetc.不要站在吊物/吊具與卡車駕駛艙，擋板之間。Useladderstoaccessandegressdeckbeds使用梯子做平臺(tái)進(jìn)、出通道Anchorageratedat5000lbs(2268kg)2Xmaximumload6ft/1.83m3.5ft/1.07m.3ft/.91m18.5ft.5.64m6ft/1.83m36IMPACTLOADING:影響承載Equipmentsubjectedtoimpactloadingoranactualfallmustbeimmediatelyremovedfromserviceandnotusedagainunlessinspectedanddeterminedbyacompetentpersontobeundamagedandsuitableforreuse.承載受到限制的設(shè)備或?qū)е聣嬄涞脑O(shè)備必須立即移走并停止使用，直到被勝任人員檢查并確定可以重新使用為止IMPORTANT重點(diǎn):Somemanufacturerswillnotguaranteeharnessesorlanyardswillprovideadequateprotectionduringasecondfall.Manyofthesemanufacturersstateontheequipmenttodestroytheharnessandlanyardafterafallhasbeensustained.有些廠家不擔(dān)保安全帶或緩沖器在1秒的墜落內(nèi)產(chǎn)生足夠的保護(hù)。很多廠家申明設(shè)備在墜落持續(xù)一秒后破壞安全帶或緩沖器。ImpactLoadingofEquipment影響承載的設(shè)備37PROPERUSE正確使用38PROPERFIT松緊適合39InspectionandMaintenance檢查和維護(hù)Youareresponsibleforinspectingyourpersonalfallarrestsystembeforeyouuseit.Donotuseequipmentthathas:你有責(zé)任在使用前檢查你的人身墜落保護(hù)設(shè)備，不要使用以下裝備：

-Nonfunctioningparts失效的部件

-Tonguesthatdon‘tfittheshoulderofbuckles帶子與帶扣不適合的

-Signofcontactwithfire,acid,orothercorrosives有接觸過火、酸或其他腐蝕物跡象的

-Alterationsoradditions更改或增加的-Cuts,tears,orabrasions有切口、破口或磨損的-Unduestretching不正常拉長(zhǎng)的-Mold鑄型的-Signofdeterioration有變壞跡象的-Distortedhooksorfaultyhooksprings扭曲的吊鉤或缺損吊鉤彈簧的PLEASEbeawarethatNOTusingyourfallProtectionEquipmentisgroundsforTermination要意識(shí)到不使用人身墜落保護(hù)設(shè)備墜地將導(dǎo)致死亡。

41Birdsfalldownandfly,

鳥兒掉下去是飛行，Menfalldownanddie

!人掉下去是死亡！42

WeCoveredALotofInformation,

AnyQuestions?我們涵概了很多內(nèi)容，還有疑問嗎？QUIZ測(cè)試1.)TorFBechtelprovidesfallprotectionequipmentwhenhazardsexist—andrequiresemployeestousetheequipment.Bechtel在危險(xiǎn)的時(shí)候提供人身防墜落保護(hù)設(shè)備，并要求工人使用該設(shè)備。2.)TorFAfterreceivingtraining,youmustproperlyselect,inspect,maintain,andusepersonalfallprotectionequipment.接受本培訓(xùn)后，你必須正確的選擇、檢查、維護(hù)和使用人身防墜落保護(hù)設(shè)備。3.)TorFPeopleneverdiefromaccidentalfalls.人決不會(huì)在墜落事故中死亡TFT4.)TorFBechtelusesasystematicapproachtohandlingfalls–identifyinghazard,supervisorplanoutfallsandfocusonprevention,engineeringcontrolstoremovefallhazards,selectionoffallprotection,trainingofrequirements,inspectionandmaintenance.Bechtel應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)方法處理墜落——識(shí)別危險(xiǎn)，監(jiān)督人員策劃墜落預(yù)防、工程控制及消除墜落風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，選擇墜落防護(hù)設(shè)備，訓(xùn)練要求、檢查及維護(hù)。5.)TorF Supervisorsplayakeyroleinplanningthefallpreventionmethodsforajobandmustcommunicatetheplantotheworkers.主管角色很重要，要策劃墜落預(yù)防計(jì)劃，必須將計(jì)劃與工人溝通。6.)Thefirstoptiontoprotectagainstfallsshouldbe:防墜落的首選措施是： __FallProtection墜落保護(hù) __EngineeringControls技術(shù)控制措施TTEngineeringControlsB7.)TorFBechtelrequires100%fallprotectionwhileexposedtounprotectedfallsgreaterorequalto6ft(1.8m)?當(dāng)暴露在無防護(hù)、高度等于或超過6英尺的地方時(shí)，Bechtel要求100%的防墜落保護(hù)措施。8.)TorF Aguardrailsystemisamethodofprotection

fromfalls?圍欄系統(tǒng)是防止墜落的一種方法。9.)TorF ASTARRTCardisrequiredpriortoeachjob.開始每項(xiàng)工作前，都需要STARRT卡。TTT10.)Youshouldinspectallfallprotectiondeviceswhen?在什么時(shí)候你要檢查人身防墜落保護(hù)設(shè)施。 __Dailyorbeforeeachuse日?；蛎看问褂们?__Weekly每周11.)Ifyouare6ft(1.83M)tall,andhavea6ft(1.83M)lanyardhowhighupmustyoutieoftobesafe?如果你1.83米高，有1.83米長(zhǎng)的系索，你必須要掛多高才能保證安全