閱讀理解解題技巧主旨大意(公開課)

2009屆高考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)HuangTushengMiddleSchoolTanGuoqiong讀寫模塊２００７年２００８年的新高考中所有的試題都是在語篇中考查，聽力，閱讀，寫作，完型填空，語法填空，無一例外全都突出語篇的重要性，所以在備考中必須高度重視語篇能力．語篇能力－－Howtograspthemainideaofapassage新高考分析Howtograspthemainideaofapassage－－inreadingandwritingPartoneHowtograspthemainideaofapassage----Inreadingpart閱讀中主旨大意題的題型分類主旨題標(biāo)題類文章主旨段落主旨標(biāo)題類試題常見的題干形式(1)Thebesttitleforthispassageis.(2)Thesuitableheadlineforthispassagemaybe(3)Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideaofthepassageis.(4)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?(體現(xiàn)概括性,避免遠(yuǎn)離主題)2.文章主旨類試題常見的題干形式(1)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?(2)Thepassagetalksabout...(3)Thepassagetellsusthat...(4)Thispassagemainlydealswith...(5)What’sthemainidea/topicofthepassage?(體現(xiàn)全面性,避免以偏概全)3.段落主旨類試題常見的題干形式(1)Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyisthat.(2)Whatisthelastparagraphchieflyconcernedwith?(3)WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizeParagraphone?(4)What’sthemainideadiscussedinthefirstparagraph?(體現(xiàn)針對性,避免張冠李戴)

解題技巧技巧一：識別文體技巧二：找關(guān)聯(lián)詞技巧三:抓線索技巧四:找高頻詞技巧一：識別文體新聞報(bào)道導(dǎo)語提攜全文議論文總--分--總（論點(diǎn)－論據(jù)－結(jié)論）說明文主題句（首－－中－－尾）記敘文記敘文六要素

On26January,AustraliaDay,inover200locationsacrossthenation,morethan9,000peoplewillbecomeAustraliancitiziens.

“Bythesecitizenshipceremonieswewelcomethosewhohavecomefromoverseasfrommanydifferentculturalandsocialbackgroundsintoourcommunitiesandournation,”saidtheMinisterforCitizenshipandMulticulturalAffairs.“AustraliaDaycelebrationsthatincludepeoplefromsomanybirthplacesareanezcellentwaytoencouragetolerance,respectandfriendshipamongallthepeopleofAustralia.”Mostcitizenshipceremonieswillbefollowedbydisplaysofsinginganddancingfrommanyofthemigrants’homelandsandthetastingoffoodfromallovertheworld.

OnAustraliaDay,________.

A.peoplesinganddancetogetherB.peopleenjoyAustraliafoodC.somepeoplefromoverseaswereacceptedasthecitizensinAustraliaD.peoplecantravelalloverAustraliaEg.2Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?議論文總--分--總55．Whatisthemainidea?A.cigarettesmokingcancausecancerB.smokingcancausethemostseriousandterribledisease(illness)C.smokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblemsD.smokingisharmful.

DEg.3PassageB(NMET2003)Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills(讀寫能力).Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence(自信心),accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren,withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs(READ).TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea.“Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerself-respect,andregardreadingasaheadache,”saidLisaMyron,managerofthechildren’sdepartment.LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“DogDayAfternoon”inthechildren’sdepartmentofthemainlibrary.About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday-afternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“pawgraphed”bookatthelastclass.TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril,accordingtoDanaThumpowsky,publicrelationsmanager.Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?

eg.3PassageB(NMET2003)Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills(讀寫能力).Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence(自信心),accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren,withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs(READ).

TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea.“Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerself-respect,andregardreadingasaheadache,”saidLisaMyron,managerofthechildren’sdepartment.

LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“DogDayAfternoon”inthechildren’sdepartmentofthemainlibrary.About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday-afternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“pawgraphed”bookatthelastclass.TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril,accordingtoDanaThumpowsky,publicrelationsmanager.

Exampleandsuccessoftheprogram

eg.3PassageB(NMET2003)Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills(讀寫能力).Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence(自信心),accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren,withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs(READ).

TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea.“Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerself-respect,andregardreadingasaheadache,”saidLisaMyron,managerofthechildren’sdepartment.

LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“DogDayAfternoon”inthechildren’sdepartmentofthemainlibrary.About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday-afternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“pawgraphed”bookatthelastclass.TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril,accordingtoDanaThumpowsky,publicrelationsmanager.

Exampleandsuccessoftheprogram59.Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?

A.Children’sreadingdifficulties.B.Advantagesofraisingdogs.C.Serviceinapubliclibrary.D.Aspecialreadingprogram.

eg.4Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only＄79.Twodayssale.Hu--rry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy.Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou”Itcosts＄395.Thissalesmethodiscalled“baitandswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale.Theparagraphcouldbeentitled_________.A.BuyingATVSetB.ASellingMethodC.BuyerBewareD.TVOnSale(detail)(detail)(detail)HoweverButNotonly…butalsoAlthough/thoughAswellas

Eg.5

MrsTurner’stelephonenumberwas3463;thenumberofthecinemainhertownwas3464,peopleoftenmadeamistakeandtelephonedherwhentheyactuallywantedthecinema.

OneeveningthetelephonebellrangandMrsTurneransweredit.Atiredman’svoicecameoverthetelephone:”Atwhattimedoesyourlastfilmbegin?””I’msorry”,saidMrsTurner,“butyouhavethewrongnumber.Thisisnotthecinema.”“Oh,Itbegantwentyminutesago,”saidtheman.”I’msorryaboutthat.Well,goodbye.”

MrsTurnerwasverysurprised,soshetoldherhusband.Helaughedandsaid,”No,thatwasn’tamistake.Theman’swifewantedtogotothecinema,buthewasfeelingtired,sohetelephonedthecinema.Hiswifeheardhim,butshedidn’thearyou.Nowtheywillstayathomethisevening,andthehusbandwillbehappy!”WhywasMrsTurnersurprised?Becausethetiredman_______.A.wantedthecinemabutcalledawrongnumber.B.AskedherasillyquestionwhichsherefusedtoanswerC.Saidsomethingthathadnothingtodowithheranswer.D.Wasangrywithhimselfforhavingmadeamistake.c

Eg.6Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessi--onalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance（so,therefore,thus,inconclusion,inshort,

allinall,overall,clearly,plainly,Infact）技巧二：找關(guān)聯(lián)詞技巧三:從段落中歸納要點(diǎn)抓大意，理清線索.

有些文章或段落無明顯的主題句,只是暗示性地體現(xiàn)主題.這就要求考生在閱讀過程中根據(jù)文中所敘述的事實(shí)或提供的線索來概括總結(jié)主旨大意

eg.7

TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.

Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.

A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryears,movedtoanotheruniversity.

B.Tombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfrom

HarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.

C.Tomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedat

Berlinuniversity.

D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetail技巧四:從段落中尋找高頻率詞

任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞

Eg.9Aneweight-kilometerroadisunderconstructionthatlinkstheportareawithmotorwaysystem.Itisexpectedtocarry20,000trucksandcarsaday,whichgreatlyreducestheovercrowdedtrafficinthecenterofthecity.Aspartoftheproject,twofour-kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity,onefortraffictothenorthandtheotherforthetraffictothesouth.Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meterswide,providingfortwolanesoftrafficineachdirection.Intheupperpartofthetunneltwoair-conditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeepthequalityofairinsidethetunnel.Thelightingisatthetopofthetunnel,practicallyatitshighestpoint.Therewillalsobeelectricsignsatfrequentintervals.Theyshowtrafficconditionsaheadandcanbeseenclearlybydrivers.Thewallismadeupoffourmainelements,whichincludeawaterproofingcoveringand,ontheinsideofthetunnel,aconcretelining.

Eachtunnelisroughlyroundandthelowerpartofthetunnelissomewhatflat.Thesurfaceoftheroadliesonthebase,whichismadeofconcreteandsteel.Thedrainagesystem,justbelowtheroadsurfaceononeside,removesanyextraliquid,particularlywater.Intheeventoffire,thefiremain,whichismadeofsteel,pipeswatertomanyfirehydrantstationsatregularintervalsalongthelengthofthetunnel.Thefiremainisatthesideofthetunnelandattheleveloftheroadsurface.Othersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones.75.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A.theconstructionofaroadB.thedesignofaroadC.theconstructionoftwotunnelsD.thedesignoftwotunnels六．主旨要義題技巧回顧總結(jié)遵循四字原則:準(zhǔn)全新用精煉的語言概括出文章的中心思想要注意文章的內(nèi)涵和外延,把作者的觀點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)出來.要排除掉那些片面的選項(xiàng),選取包含文章的主要內(nèi)容及作者觀點(diǎn)的選項(xiàng),范圍不宜過大或過小.所選擇的標(biāo)題要新穎,對讀者有吸引力,能激發(fā)讀者的閱讀興趣.精ParttwoHowtograspthemainideaofapassage----InTask-Writing?Theskillsareusedinwriting

asummaryHowtowriteasummaryofapassagewithtopicsentencewithoutcleartopicsentence

Inmostcountriesintheworld,advertisingiscommon.Youcanseepostersondoors,signsonbuses,picturesinmagazines,andcommercialsonTV.Though

thesesignsofadvertisingareoftendisliked,Ifeelthat,overall,advertisinghasverypositiveresults.

Theharmfuleffectsofadvertisingareobvious.Whenyouarelisteningtobeautifulmusicontheradio,acommercialisdisturbingwhenitinterruptsyourprogramandchangesyourmood.Televisioncommercialsaretheworstofall.Yourprogramisstopped,andyouareforcedtowatchanadvertisementunlessyouactivelychangethechannelorleavetheroom.Ithinkthatthereshouldbelawstolimittheadvertisers’righttointerruptTVandradioprograms.

Ingeneral,however,thepositiveresultsofadvertisementsarebeneficialtosocietyandindividuals.Whenyoudoshopping,youcanuseadvertisementsinnewspaperstocompareprices,features,andqualityoftheproductthatyouwanttobuy.By

beingmoreinformed,youcanbuysomethingthatwillbenefityouin

thelongrun.Withadvertisements,peoplesavealotoftimeinshopping,lookingforjobsandsoon.

Allinall,forawiseandeducatedshopper,thehelpfuleffectsofadvertisingoutweightheharmfuleffects.PreparationforwritingasummaryFindkeywordsFindkeysentencesFindthemainidea任務(wù)一：概括短文要點(diǎn)常見錯誤應(yīng)對策略1.無法抓住短文要點(diǎn)2.無法擺脫原文句子a.仔細(xì)閱讀全文；b.找出關(guān)鍵詞（句）;c.理清關(guān)鍵詞（句）間的關(guān)系d.借助關(guān)鍵詞，用自己的語言恰當(dāng)?shù)馗爬ㄒc(diǎn)。PracticeReadthepassagecarefullyandfindsomekeywords/sentencesinit.Topic:________________________Effect:________________________Conclusion:______________________theeffectsofadvertisinggoodandbad(harmfulandhelpful)morehelpfuleffectsExpressthemainideaofthepassageinourownwordsusingabout30words.Thepassagemainlytellsustheeffectsofadvertisingwhichareharmfulandhelpful.Butthewriterthinkstherearemorehelpfuleffectsifpeopledon’tblindlyaccepteverythingintheads

Onemorning,Mr.Harewasrunningontheroad.SuddenlyhesawMr.Tortoise,whowasalsorunningontheroadtowardshim.Mr.HareranuptoMr.Tortoiseandlaughedathim.Mr.Tortoisegotangryandwouldn'ttakefailurelyingdown,sohesuggestedhavingaracetoseewhocouldfirstgettothebigtalltreebytheroadsides.Mr.Hareagreedwithhimwithouthesitation.Theracebegan.Mr.HareandMr.tortoisestartedfromthesamelineatthesametime.WhenMr.HarewasfaraheadofMr.Tortoiseandevencouldn'tseeMr.Tortoise,hethoughtthatMr.Tortoisefellbehindandcouldn'tcatchupwithhim.Sohestoppedandlaydowntohaveanap.Butsoonhefellasleep.Atthesametime,Mr.Tortoisekeptonrunningandrunning.WhenMr.Harewokeup,hefoundMr.Tortoisehadalreadysatunderthetreeandwassmilingathim!Expressthemainideaofthepassageinourownwordsusingabout30words.[寫作指導(dǎo)]

(1)認(rèn)真閱讀，概括要點(diǎn)：可按記敘文的六大要素來概括要點(diǎn)，如下:Who(人物)When(時間)Where(地點(diǎn))How(情節(jié))Why(原因)What(事情)What(事情)Mr.HarelostaracewithMr.TortoiseWho(人物)Mr.HareandMr.TortoiseWhen(時間)onemorningWhere(地點(diǎn))ontheroadHow(情節(jié))beproud—liedownandnap—loseWhy(原因)Mr.HarewasproudThefolktalemainlytellsusthatinaraceMrHare

proudlythoughthewouldbesuretobeatMrTortoise,sohelaydowntohaveanap.Asaresult,helosttherace.

Howtoorganizeasummary?Brainstorm搜索(篩選)信息Organize組織信息Sortouttheinformation分類組合信息T+SP主題句+輔助句段落Arrangethestructure安排結(jié)構(gòu)框架及段落銜接SumUp2.Howtocheckthesummary看要點(diǎn)看人稱看時態(tài)看語法看結(jié)構(gòu)Anyquestions?Homework1.Dosomereadingexercises2.Writeasummary

ThankYouGoodluck&Success’sahead!Yourcriticismwillbeappreciated!

eg.9

06湖南)Thecoyote(叢林狼).thatelevenanimalofwide-openspace.hascometothenation’scaptial.Infact,coyoteshavespreadtoeverycomeroftheUnitedStates,changingtheirbehaviorstofitnewenvironmentsandcausingresearcherstodealwithatroublesomenewkindofcreature:thecitycoyote.

Thecoyoteoriginallylivedinthemiddleofthecontinent.Oneofitsmostobviouscharactersisitssmartness,whichhasmadetheanimalanotorious（臭名昭著的）pest.Hunterstrapped,shotandpoisonedmorethanamillioncoyotesinthe1900s.It’sstilloneofAmerica’smosthuntedanimals.Yetthecoyotehassurvived.Howhasthecoyoteshownthisextraordinaryability?”Iguessifyouwantedtouseonewordlist’sbe‘plasticity’.”saysErieGese,anexpertatUtahStateUniversity.Coyotescanlivealong,inpairs,orinlargepackslikewolves,huntatnightorduringtheday,occupyasmallregionoranareaupto40squaremiles,andliveonallsortsoffood,fromlizards（蜥蜴）andshoes,toantsandmelons.detaildetaildetailUnbelievablypeoplehelpedcoyotesincreasewhentheykiltedmostofthewolvesintheUnitedStates.Theshreddingofcoyotesintocityareas,though.is

rccent.Theytravelatnight,crossingsidewalksandbridges.runningalongroadsandduckingintocoiners(鉆入洞andunderpasses.Nooneknowswhycoyotesaremovingintocities.butexpertsexplaithatclevcter,morehuman-tolerant(不怕人的)coyotesareteachingurbansurvivalskillstonewgenerations.

Occasionally.coyotesmightattackhumanbeings.Therehavebeenabout160attacksonpeopleinrecentyearsTherefore,peoplehavebaconconsistentlytoldnotfeedcoyotesorleavepctfoodunseeurcd.That,plusalargetrappingprogramintheneighborhood.hascurdownonthecoyotepopulation.detaildetail64.Theaimofthepassageisto_____________.A.tell

pcoplehowtofightagainstcoyotesB.telluswhythecoyoteisthemosthuntedanimalC.supplythereasonwhythecoyoteisakindofmotoriouspestD.explainhowthecoyotehasspreadtoandsurvivedincities

Magellan’smenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld.Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship.MagellanwasfromPortugal,buthesailedfortheKingofSpain.OnSeptember20,1519,heleftSpainwithfiveshipsand240men.AfterpassingthetipofSouthAmerica,theyreachedthePacificOcean,onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear.Veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelackoffoodandfreshwater.Manyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseases.Theyevenhadtoliveonsawdust.FinallyinApril1521,MagellangottothePhilippineIslands,wherehewaskilled.HismenfledandcontinuedtheirvoyageacrosstheIndianOcean.ItwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheypassedtheCapeofGoodHope.BythetimetheyreturnedtoSpainonDecember21,1521,sevenoutofeveryeightmenhaddied.Magellan’svoyageprovedthatmencouldsailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeball.

Magellan’smenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld.Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship.Magellan’svoyagewasthefirsttriparoundtheworld.

MagellanwasfromPortugal,buthesailedfortheKingofSpain.OnSeptember20,1519,heleftSpainwithfiveshipsand240men.AfterpassingthetipofSouthAmerica,theyreachedthePacificOcean,onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear.Veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelackoffoodandfreshwater.Manyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseases.Theyevenhadtoliveonsawdust.FinallyinApril1521,MagellangottothePhilippineIslands,wherehewaskilled.HismenfledandcontinuedtheirvoyageacrosstheIndianOcean.ItwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheypassedtheCapeofGoodHope.BythetimetheyreturnedtoSpainonDecember21,1521,sevenoutofeveryeightmenhaddied.1.time2.shipsandpeople3.route4.Sufferingsanddifficultiesa.Lackoffoodandfreshwaterb.Hungeranddiseases

c.DeathsTheprocessofMagellan’slongdifficultvoyage5.successMagellan’svoyageprovedthatmencouldsailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeball.Magellan’svoyagedprovedtheearthisround.

Magellan’smenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld.Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship.MagellanwasfromPortugal,buthesailedfortheKingofSpain.OnSeptember20,1519,heleftSpainwithfiveshipsand240men.AfterpassingthetipofSouthAmerica,theyreachedthePacificOcean,onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear.Veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelackoffoodandfreshwater.Manyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseases.Theyevenhadtoliveonsawdust.FinallyinApril1521,MagellangottothePhilippineIslands,wherehewaskilled.HismenfledandcontinuedtheirvoyageacrosstheIndianOcean.ItwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheypassedtheCapeofGoedHope.BythetimetheyreturnedtoSpainonDecember21,1521,sevenoutofeveryeightmenhaddied.Magellan’svoyageprovedthatmencouldsailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeball.Paragraph1:Magellan’svoyagewasthefirsttriparoundtheworld.Paragraph2:TheprocessofMagellan’slongdifficultvoyageParagraph3:Magellan’svoyagedprovedtheearthisround.Magellan’svoyageMagellan’smenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld.Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship.MagellanwasfromPortugal,buthesailedfortheKingofSpain.OnSeptember20,1519,heleftSpainwithfiveshipsand240men.AfterpassingthetripofSouthAmerica,theyreachedthePacificOcean,onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear.Veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceofland