七選五解讀課件

試題模式：給出一篇缺少5個(gè)句子的文章，對(duì)應(yīng)

有7個(gè)選項(xiàng)，要求同學(xué)們根據(jù)文章結(jié)

構(gòu)、內(nèi)容，選出正確的句子，填入相

應(yīng)的空白處。考查重點(diǎn)：主要考查考生對(duì)文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)

構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：主旨概括句（文章整體內(nèi)容）過渡性句子（文章結(jié)構(gòu)）注釋性句子（上下文邏輯意義）題型解讀空白處的位置可能在段首、段中、段未，選項(xiàng)部分為7段文字，每段可能是一個(gè)句子，可能是兩三個(gè)短句。

出題位置1.描述性結(jié)構(gòu):主要介紹事物、問題或傾向的特點(diǎn)，對(duì)人

物的描述如傳記，包括人身體特征、家庭

背景、成長(zhǎng)過程、個(gè)性愛好、成就貢獻(xiàn)等

內(nèi)容進(jìn)行描述，因此時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)往往是出

題重點(diǎn)2.釋義性結(jié)構(gòu):解釋某一理論、學(xué)科、事物，主要用例子

比喻類比闡述3.比較性結(jié)構(gòu):把兩個(gè)人或事物功能、特點(diǎn)、優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行

對(duì)比4.原因性結(jié)構(gòu):這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要分析事物的成因，客觀的、

主觀的、直接的、間接的5.駁斥性結(jié)構(gòu):這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要是先介紹一種觀點(diǎn)，然后對(duì)

其評(píng)論或駁斥，然后分析其優(yōu)點(diǎn)缺點(diǎn)、

危害性、最后闡明自己的觀點(diǎn)文章結(jié)構(gòu)解題步驟1)快速閱讀全文要點(diǎn)詞句，包括首尾段、首尾句以及獨(dú)

立成段的句子和文章中帶轉(zhuǎn)折詞的句子等，目的是掌

握文章的主要內(nèi)容。2)然后再邊讀邊做題，重點(diǎn)閱讀各個(gè)問題附近的句子，

圈定線索詞，然后從選項(xiàng)中尋找相關(guān)的特征詞，以確

定答案。3)重新閱讀相關(guān)詞句，重點(diǎn)做剛才沒做出的題或不確定

的題，此時(shí)可將已選出的答案代入原文，利用排除法。4）比較兩類關(guān)鍵詞：將7個(gè)選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞與5個(gè)空的前

后句中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行比較，匹配的是正確答案。51

_____Youdon’tshowyoursecretpersonalitywhenyouareawakebecauseyoucancontrolyourbehavior,butwhenyouareasleep，yoursleepingpositionshowstherealyou．52_____.Theimportantpositionistheonethatyougotosleepin．

A.You’requiteshyandyouaren’tquitesureofyourself．B.Youknowyourstrengthsandweakness．C.NormallypeopleseldomchangetheirsleepingpositionD.Everyonehasgottwopersonalities—theonethatis

showntotheworldandtheotherthatissecretandreal．E.Maybeyoudon’twanttomakefriendswithaperson

whosleepscurledup.F.Youusuallylivefortodaynottomorrow．G.Inanormalnight,ofcourse,peoplefrequently

changetheirpositions．

DG

Ifyougotosleeponyourback，you’reaveryopenperson．Younormallytrustpeopleandyouareeasilyinfluencedbyfashionornewideas．Youdon’tliketodispleasepeople．Soyouneverexpressyourrealfeelings．53_______A.You’requiteshyandyouaren’tquitesureofyourself．B.Youknowyourstrengthsandweakness．C.NormallypeopleseldomchangetheirsleepingpositionD.Everyonehasgottwopersonalities—theonethatis

showntotheworldandtheotherthatissecretandreal．E.Maybeyoudon’twanttomakefriendswithaperson

whosleepscurledup.F.Youusuallylivefortodaynottomorrow．G.Inanormalnight,ofcourse,peoplefrequently

changetheirpositions．A

Ifyousleeponyourstomach，youarearathersecretiveperson．Youworryalotandyou’realwayseasilyupset．Youalwayssticktoyourownopinionsorjudgment，butyouaren’tveryambitious(上進(jìn)心)．54__________.Thismeansthatyouenjoyhavingagoodtime．

FA.You’requiteshyandyouaren’tquitesureofyourself．B.Youknowyourstrengthsandweakness．C.NormallypeopleseldomchangetheirsleepingpositionD.Everyonehasgottwopersonalities—theonethatis

showntotheworldandtheotherthatissecretandreal．E.Maybeyoudon’twanttomakefriendswithaperson

whosleepscurledup.F.Youusuallylivefortodaynottomorrow．G.Inanormalnight,ofcourse,peoplefrequently

changetheirpositions．

Ifyousleeponyourside．yonhaveusuallygotawell-balancedpersonality．55__________.Yon’reusuallycareful．Youbelieveinyourself．Yonsometimesfeelanxious，butyoudon’toftengetsad．Youalwayssaywhatyouthinkevenifitmakespeopleratherangry.A.You’requiteshyandyouaren’tquitesureofyourself．B.Youknowyourstrengthsandweakness．C.NormallypeopleseldomchangetheirsleepingpositionD.Everyonehasgottwopersonalities—theonethatis

showntotheworldandtheotherthatissecretandreal．E.Maybeyoudon’twanttomakefriendswithaperson

whosleepscurledup.F.Youusuallylivefortodaynottomorrow．G.Inanormalnight,ofcourse,peoplefrequently

changetheirpositions．B七選五的解題策略1）從意思上判斷

2）從詞匯上鎖定線索

3）從關(guān)聯(lián)詞上查找

1）從意思上判斷在做題時(shí)最重要的是要讀懂空白前后的句子，明白這幾句話的確切意思，然后根據(jù)意思的連貫性或邏輯性從選項(xiàng)中選取正確答案。在讀懂意思的基礎(chǔ)上，再利用線索特征詞等進(jìn)一步確認(rèn)答案。2）從詞匯上鎖定線索做題時(shí)很重要的一點(diǎn)是保持對(duì)一些線索詞的敏感，最主要的線索特征詞是空白前后的名詞和動(dòng)詞，尋找答案時(shí)注意在選項(xiàng)中查找同義詞、近義詞、反義詞或表示同一類事物的詞語(yǔ)等。其次是代詞、數(shù)詞、表示時(shí)間/年代的詞、地點(diǎn)/名稱等專有名詞等。尤其是在讀不懂句子的情況下，利用這樣的線索詞尋找答案是很有效的方法。3)從關(guān)聯(lián)詞上查找由于英語(yǔ)的句段之間經(jīng)常會(huì)運(yùn)用關(guān)聯(lián)詞表示銜接和過渡，使文章邏輯更清楚和連貫，因此文章中和選項(xiàng)中表示各種邏輯關(guān)系的路標(biāo)性信號(hào)詞在選擇答案時(shí)都是很重要的線索.在做題時(shí)可將這三個(gè)層面的線索很好地結(jié)合起來(lái)。細(xì)節(jié)類題型解題技巧解題技巧1)詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法復(fù)現(xiàn)是保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用的一種寫作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置對(duì)同一個(gè)概念進(jìn)行重復(fù)描述，從而使得同樣的意思在文章中不同的地方重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。復(fù)現(xiàn)的形式主要是指主要是指同詞（同源詞）復(fù)現(xiàn)、同（近）義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。

詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)（同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)）

…Duringmyfirstmeeting,Ipresentedandthenopenedthefloortoquestions.71.Myfirstreactionwastoanswerdefensively.

…B.Restatethequestionwithrespect.C.Someideascanbequiteconcrete.D.Thereweremanydifficultquestions.詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)（反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)）

Therearetimesinourlivessuchaswhenwehaverecentlymovedintoanewtown,orchangedourjobsorschools.Suchchangesoftenleavesuswithoutafriend71.Butformanyofustheprocessisdifficultandrequirescourage….D.Trynottofindfaultwithyourfriends.E.Makingnewfriendscomeseasyforsomepeople.F.Forafriendshiptodevelopyouneedtostayin

touch.

2)詞匯同現(xiàn)法

詞匯同現(xiàn)是指屬于同一詞匯搭配范疇或者某一領(lǐng)域的詞匯在文章中同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，達(dá)到語(yǔ)義銜接的目的。你可以在選項(xiàng)中找到與此詞匯最接近的詞，從而達(dá)到快而準(zhǔn)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，上下文中詞匯的范疇越小，上下文的銜接關(guān)系越緊密。Parentsshouldhelptheirchildrenunderstandmoney.71soyoumaystarttalkingaboutmoneywhenyourchildshowsaninterestinbuyingthings,candyortoys,forexample.D.Talkyourselfwhatthingsthatcostmoneyare

mostimportanttoyou.E.Askyourselfwhatthingsthatcostmoneyare

most

importanttoyou.G.Thebesttimetoteachachildanythingabout

moneyiswhenheshowsaninterest.詞匯同現(xiàn)（同一詞匯范疇）3）代詞線索法英語(yǔ)表達(dá)中，代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞的作用是用來(lái)指代前面面提及的名詞或句子。代詞線索

（2012全國(guó)課標(biāo)卷）Trytakingthesefoursteps.thenexttimeyouarestressed:(1)Getsupport.Whenyouneedhelp,reachouttothepeoplewhocareaboutyou.Talkto“trustedadult,suchas“parentorotherrelatives.72Theymighthavehadsimilarproblems,suchasdealingwithatest,orthedeathofabelovedpet.

D.Ah,itfeelssogoodwhenthestressisgone.E.Youneedtofigureoutwhattheproblemis.F.Anddon'tforgetaboutyourfriends.Thenexttimeyougointoabank,astore,orasupermarket,stopandlisten.Whatdoyouhear?

71

It’ssimilartothemusicyoulistento,butit’snotexactlythesame.That’sbecausethismusicwasespeciallydesignedtorelaxyou,ortogiveyouextraenergy.Sometimesyoudon’tevenrealizethemusicisplaying,butyoureacttothemusicanyway.

A.Somepeopledon’tlikeMuzak.

B.Themusicgivesthemextraenergy.

C.Musicisplayinginthebackground.

Butlatelywehearitinmoreandmoreplaces,andithasanewname"Muzak".Aboutone-thirdofthepeopleinAmericalistento"Muzak"everyday.Themusicplaysfor15minutesatatime,withshortpausesinbetween.Itisalwaysmorelivelybetweentenandeleveninthemorning,andbetweenthreeandfourintheafternoon,whenpeoplearemoretired.

72

A.Somepeopledon’tlikeMuzak.

B.Themusicgivesthemextraenergy.

C.Musicisplayinginthebackground.

4）邏輯關(guān)系線索法層遞關(guān)系：and,also,further,moreover,

what’smore,either…or…,

neither…nor,notonly…but

also,

因果關(guān)系：so,therefore,thus,accordingly,

consequently,asaresult；轉(zhuǎn)折與讓步關(guān)系：however,nevertheless,though,yet,inspiteof,onthecontrary,otherwise,while,ratherthan,even

if,despite,luckily,fortunately平列關(guān)系:first,second,third…;

firstly,secondly,thirdly…;

first,next,then…;

inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace…;

foronething,foranotherthing…;

tobeginwith,toconclude；邏輯關(guān)系線索

（并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系）Thebestwaytoenjoyyourfriendshipistoallowyourfriendstobethemselves.75Trynottochangethemfromwhotheyaretowhatyouwantthemtobe.Becomethekindoffriendyouwillwantyourfriendtobetoyou.B.Dothingstogether.C.Donotwaittobespokento.D.Trynottofindfaultwithyourfriends.

75

.Theysayit’sboringtohearthesamesongsallthetime.ButotherpeopleenjoyhearingMuzakinpublicplaces.Theysayithelpsthemrelaxandfeelcalm.Onewayoranother,Muzakaffectseveryone.SomefarmersevensaytheircowsgivemoremilkwhentheyhearMuzak!

A.Somepeopledon’tlikeMuzak.

B.Themusicgivesthemextraenergy.

C.Musicisplayinginthebackground.邏輯關(guān)系線索

（因果關(guān)系）

Itisagoodthingtostayintouch.However,trynottopressyournewfriendwithcalls,messagesorvisitsasthiswouldlikelywearhimorheroutandfinallyyoumayloseyourfriend.74.Thebestfriendshipsaretheonesthatgrownaturally.E.Makingnewfriendscomeseasyforsomepeople.F.Forafriendshiptodevelopyouneedtostayin

touch.G.Soyouwillneedtogiveyourfriendtimetoreact

toyou.邏輯關(guān)系線索

（轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系）

Everyoneisforgetful,butasweage,westarttofeellikeourbrainsareslowingdownabit—andthatcanbeaveryannoyingthing.

71Readonforsometechniquesworthtrying.D.Sotakeafewminuteseachdaytodosomereading.F.Luckily,researchshowsthereisalotyoucando

toavoidthosemoments.G.Inotherwords,whenyoutakecareofyourbody,

youtakecareofyourbrain.IfyoulistentoMuzakcarefully,youwillprobablyrecognizethenamesofmanyofthesongs.Somemusiciansorsongwritersdon’twanttheirsongstobeusedasMuzak,butothersarehappywhentheirsongsarechosen.Why?

73

E.Muzaktendstohelppeopleunderstand

musicbetter.F.Theygetasmuchas$4millionayearif

theirsongsareused.G.Muzakisplayedinmostofthebig

supermarketsintheworld.解題技巧篇章結(jié)構(gòu)類題解題技巧根據(jù)空格所在位置確定不同的解題策略

1)如果空格在段首或?yàn)槎温錁?biāo)題

通常是段落主題句。認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。關(guān)注每段首尾句，了解大意知主題。

2)如果空格在段尾

通常是結(jié)論、概括性語(yǔ)句。注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總