第十三章法律翻譯

第十三單元

常用文體翻譯

(法律翻譯)翻譯點(diǎn)滴假如說(shuō)，文學(xué)翻譯允許譯者在翻譯的過(guò)程中進(jìn)行“再創(chuàng)造”以“拓展無(wú)限空間”，那么，法律翻譯所注重的就是要“阻塞一切空間”了。藝術(shù)作品講究的是形神兼?zhèn)洌で嚯y寫(xiě)是精神，最重要的是神似而非形似。齊白石說(shuō)自己的作品在“似與不似之間”，歌德說(shuō)美在“真與不真之間”，這兩者的說(shuō)法，也許是藝術(shù)作品及藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造的最佳詮釋，但絕對(duì)不適宜用來(lái)描繪法律條文，因?yàn)殡p語(yǔ)立法時(shí)，“每個(gè)語(yǔ)文本須以同一形式出現(xiàn)”，這一個(gè)基本原則已定，求神似不求形似的說(shuō)法便無(wú)法達(dá)成?？剞q雙方對(duì)簿公堂時(shí)，最主要的是拿出真憑實(shí)據(jù)，而兩邊的代表律師，各就各的呈堂證供來(lái)滔滔雄辯，他們所做的也無(wú)非是在法律條文之中尋找依據(jù)，希望字里行間出現(xiàn)空隙來(lái)迂回周轉(zhuǎn)。因此法律條文訂立得越刻板，越周全，就越有效。此所以歷來(lái)法律文件不論以何種文字寫(xiě)成，都冗長(zhǎng)累贅，不堪卒讀，令一般老百姓望而生畏。

(金圣華,2004)翻譯什么最難？一定有人會(huì)大聲說(shuō)：“法律！”的確，在法律英語(yǔ)中，冗長(zhǎng)的敘述和古英語(yǔ)和拉丁語(yǔ)頻頻出現(xiàn)，要理解它已經(jīng)很不容易。要想把法律英語(yǔ)翻譯得嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、縝密、滴水不漏，更是“蜀道難，難于上青天”啊。請(qǐng)先看一下法律條文中比比皆是的“條”、“款”、“項(xiàng)”、“目”的翻譯。只是這4個(gè)詞，現(xiàn)在的法律文獻(xiàn)中的表述就已經(jīng)相當(dāng)混亂，而相關(guān)的工具書(shū)也沒(méi)有一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的說(shuō)法。一般意義上而言，在英文中能夠表達(dá)法律中“條款”之類的詞匯大概有：article,section,subsection,paragraph,subparagraph,item,clause,rule,regulation,provision,以及stipulation等等。根據(jù)美國(guó)《法律詞典》（ADictionaryoftheLaw.Clapp,2000:36），Article:subdivisionofawritteninstrument;particularlya.asubdivisionofastatuteorconstitution,usuallysubdividedintosections.b.oneoftheitemsorclausesinacontract,treaty,orotheragreement.從此書(shū)對(duì)article的釋義來(lái)看，article是憲法、制定法、或合同中“單獨(dú)的，顯著的部分”。所以，將之譯為我國(guó)法律條文中的“條”是合適的。例如：AnyMemberavailingitselfofthepossibilitiesprovidedinArticle6oftheBerneConvention(1971)orparagraph1(b)ofArticle16oftheRomeConventionshallmakeanotificationasforeseeninthoseprovisionstotheCouncilforTRIPS.

[參考譯文]任何利用《伯爾尼公約》第6條或《羅馬公約》第16條第1款（b）項(xiàng)規(guī)定的可能性的成員，均應(yīng)按這些條款中所預(yù)想的那樣，向TRIPS理事會(huì)做出通知。

Subparagraph1(b)and1(c)ofArticleXXIIIofGATT1994shallnotapplytothesettlementofdisputesunderthisAgreementforaperiodoffiveyearsfromthedateofentryintoforceoftheWTOAgreement.

[參考譯文]自《WTO協(xié)定》生效之日起5年內(nèi)，GATT1994第23條第1款（b）項(xiàng)和（c）項(xiàng)不得適用于本協(xié)定項(xiàng)下的爭(zhēng)端解決。另外，

clause一詞可將其譯為泛指意義上的“條款”。例如，《新英漢詞典》（1985：208）中對(duì)clause這個(gè)詞的解釋就是“條款”，“款項(xiàng)”。比如，clauseofdevolution譯為“義務(wù)承擔(dān)條款”。

13.1法律英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)法律語(yǔ)言有其自身的特點(diǎn)，用詞精準(zhǔn)，制作客觀陳述，不帶主觀色彩。所用詞語(yǔ)，無(wú)論是名詞還是動(dòng)詞，都非人們?nèi)粘Ｊ褂玫目谡Z(yǔ)體，非常正式，體現(xiàn)出了法律文本的嚴(yán)肅性和縝密性。法律英語(yǔ)特別強(qiáng)調(diào)三性：即表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確性、簡(jiǎn)明性和明晰性。如下例：

Theoptionperiodshallbetheperiodof10daysstartingfromthe30thdayaftertheexecutionofthisAgreement.[參考譯文]選擇期為本合同執(zhí)行之日30天后的10天。

Thisconventionshallnotaffect,orbeincompatiblewith,theapplicationofanyinternationalconventionornationallawrelatingtotheregulationandcontroloftransportoperations.[參考譯文]本公約不得影響任何有關(guān)運(yùn)輸業(yè)務(wù)管理的國(guó)際公約或國(guó)家法律的適用，也不得與之相沖突。另外，法律英語(yǔ)在句法方面，長(zhǎng)句、復(fù)雜句比較多，把錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的信息通過(guò)各種連接有邏輯地安排在一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中；為了準(zhǔn)確完整地表達(dá)一個(gè)法律概念和法律事實(shí)，排除錯(cuò)誤的可能性，條件句、定語(yǔ)從句的使用頻率非常高。在翻譯復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)句時(shí)，要先簡(jiǎn)化句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，剔除定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等修飾語(yǔ)，尋找主謂賓，抓住中心意思。如下例：

Everypersonwho,himself,isexercisingordinarycare,hasarighttoassumethateveryotherpersonwillperformhisdutyandobeythelaw;andintheabsenceofreasonablecauseforthinkingotherwise,itisnotnegligenceforsuchapersontofailtoanticipateanaccidentwhichcanbeoccasionedonlybyaviolationoflawordutybyantherperson.[參考譯文]每個(gè)以適當(dāng)謹(jǐn)慎行事的個(gè)人都有權(quán)假定他人將會(huì)履行職責(zé)并遵守法律；在沒(méi)有其他理由做出不同判斷之時(shí)，該個(gè)人未能預(yù)見(jiàn)他人僅在違犯法律或職責(zé)的情況下方可導(dǎo)致事故發(fā)生的，不構(gòu)成疏忽責(zé)任。我們可以看出，上例中修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句非常之長(zhǎng)，并且有定語(yǔ)后置、分隔現(xiàn)象，而且從句之中又套從句，句式結(jié)構(gòu)非常復(fù)雜。但這種句式的復(fù)雜性使得其條文邏輯脈絡(luò)清楚明白，主從分明，又使得表述風(fēng)格嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、莊重。再如：

IftheRespondentappliestothecourtforittoconsidertheRespondent’sfinancialpositionafterthedivorce,thedecreenisicannotbemadeabsoluteunlessthecourtissatisfiedthatthePetitionerhadmadeorwillmakeproperfinancialprovisionfortheRespondent,orelsethatthePetitionershouldnotberequiredtomakeanyfinancialprovisionfortheRespondent.

[參考譯文]倘答辯人提出申請(qǐng)，要求法庭考慮其離婚后的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，則法庭非認(rèn)為呈請(qǐng)人已經(jīng)提供或?qū)?huì)提供予答辯人妥善的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助，或（因任何理由）呈請(qǐng)人無(wú)需為答辯人提供任何經(jīng)濟(jì)援助，否則不可將暫準(zhǔn)離婚令正式確定為最終離婚令。這整段話句式冗長(zhǎng)，但把全句的修飾成分剔除后，我們可以找到主句：Thedecreenisicannotbemadeabsolute.圍繞這個(gè)中心意思，這句話的翻譯也就不難了。我們?cè)诜g法律英語(yǔ)時(shí)，不僅要清楚具體地表達(dá)出法律英語(yǔ)原有的意思和宗旨，還要注意我國(guó)法律術(shù)語(yǔ)的選擇。另外，由于中英法律文化的重大差異和法律文書(shū)的特殊性，要在理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上重寫(xiě)中文的表述方式，在中文的表達(dá)中同樣要注意邏輯清晰，用語(yǔ)莊重。在盡量避免含有感情色彩的詞語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)的同時(shí)，要注意符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。例如：

Theborrowershallnotdoorcauseorsufferanythingtobedonewherebythelender’sinterestmaybeprejudiced.[參考譯文1]借款人不得作出或促使或容許任何事情發(fā)生借以使貸款人的利益可能受損。

[參考譯文2]凡可導(dǎo)致貸款人的利益受損的事情，借款人均不得作出，或促使或容許其發(fā)生。上述兩個(gè)版本的譯文中，譯文1不符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，整個(gè)句子沒(méi)有明顯的層次，容易讓人產(chǎn)生理解困難。但譯文2就很好地解決了這個(gè)問(wèn)題，主次分明，符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)邏輯。13.2法律文書(shū)的翻譯法律文書(shū)多種多樣，有各式法規(guī)條文，起訴書(shū)，答辯狀，證明文件，委托書(shū)，判決書(shū)，各種合同等。其語(yǔ)言都有一個(gè)特點(diǎn)：即用語(yǔ)正式，專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)多，句式結(jié)構(gòu)也比較復(fù)雜。這給法律翻譯設(shè)置了很大的障礙。本小節(jié)將從應(yīng)用最廣泛的合同文書(shū)出發(fā)，探討法律文書(shū)的翻譯技巧。生活中的法律文書(shū)中最常見(jiàn)的就是各種各樣的合同。無(wú)論是公司之間的合作協(xié)議，采購(gòu)合同，還是個(gè)人之間的財(cái)產(chǎn)協(xié)議都以合同的形式出現(xiàn)。如果涉及雙語(yǔ)合同文書(shū)，那么翻譯的責(zé)任就極其重大，稍有不慎，就會(huì)帶來(lái)難以彌補(bǔ)的損失。合同通常有固定的格式，內(nèi)容一般包括陳述、定義解釋、雙方的權(quán)利義、不可抗力條款、管轄的法律、爭(zhēng)議的解決、責(zé)任、賠償?shù)鹊?。另外，合同中常常涉及行業(yè)的專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，這一點(diǎn)在翻譯時(shí)要特別注意，譯者要多咨詢業(yè)內(nèi)人士，查詢各種專業(yè)的工具書(shū)，避免在翻譯中貽笑大方。合同中經(jīng)常使用公文用語(yǔ)，特別是英語(yǔ)中一套慣用的公文副詞，如從此以后，今后：hereafter；此后，以后：thereafter；

在其上：thereon/thereupon；

在其下：thereunder；

對(duì)于這個(gè)：hereto；

對(duì)于那個(gè)：whereto；

在上文：hereinabove/hereinbefore；

在下文：hereinafter/hereinbelow；

在上文中，在上一部分中：thereinbefore；

在下文中，在下一部分中：thereinafter等等。如下例：ThisContractshallcomeintoforcefromthedateofexecutionhereofbytheBuyerandtheBuilder.[參考譯文]本合同自買方和建造方簽署之日生效。TheundersignedherebyagreesthatthenewproductswheretothistradenameismoreappropriatearemadeinChina.[參考譯文]下述簽署人同意在中國(guó)制造新產(chǎn)品，其品牌以此為合適。另外，合同中有一些條款基本內(nèi)容是比較固定的，翻譯是可以有現(xiàn)成的已為大眾所接受的譯文作為參考，如合同中的不可抗力條款和仲裁條款等。翻譯時(shí)只要根據(jù)具體內(nèi)容稍作更改即可。如：ForceMajeure:TheSellersshallnotbeheldresponsibleforlatedeliveryornon-deliveryofthegoodsowingtogenerallyrecognized"ForceMajeure"causes.However,insuchcase,theSellersshallimmediatelycabletheBuyerstheaccidentandairmailtotheBuyerswithin15daysaftertheaccident,acertificateoftheaccidentissuedbythecompetentgovernmentauthoritiesorthechamberofcommercewhichislocatedattheplacewheretheaccidentoccursasevidencethereof.Withtheexceptionoflatedeliveryornon-deliverydueto"ForceMajeure"causes,incasetheSellersfailtomakedeliverywithinthetimeasstipulatedinthecontract,theSellersshouldindemnifytheBuyersforalllossesandexpensesincurredtothelatterdirectlyattributabletolatedeliveryorfailuretomakedeliveryofthegoodsinaccordancewiththetermsofthiscontract.Ifthe"ForceMajeuer"causelastsover60days,theBuyersshallhavetherighttocanceltheContractortheundeliveredpartoftheContract.[參考譯文]不可抗力：由于一般公認(rèn)的人力不可抗拒原因而不能交貨或裝船遲延，賣方不負(fù)責(zé)任。但賣方必須在事故發(fā)生時(shí)立即電告買方并在事故發(fā)生后15天內(nèi)航空郵寄給買方災(zāi)害發(fā)生地點(diǎn)之有關(guān)政府機(jī)關(guān)或商會(huì)所發(fā)給的證件證實(shí)災(zāi)害存在。除因不可抗力致裝船遲延或不能交貨外，如賣方不能按合同規(guī)定期限內(nèi)裝船，則需要賠償買方直接由于延期交貨或不能按合同條件交貨所遭受之一切損失及費(fèi)用。人力不可抗拒事故如繼續(xù)存在60天以上時(shí)，買方有權(quán)撤銷合同或合同中未裝運(yùn)部分。Arbitration:AlldisputesinconnectionwiththisContractortheexecutionthereofshallbeamicablysettledthroughnegotiation.IncasenosettlementcanbereachedbetweenthetwoParties,thecaseunderdisputeshallbesubmittedtotheTradeArbitrationCommissionoftheChinaCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTradeforarbitration.ThearbitrationshalltakeplaceinBeijing,ChinaandshallbeexecutedinaccordancewiththeProvisionalRulesofProcedureofthesaidCommissionandthedecisionmadebytheArbitrationCommissionshallbeacceptedasfinalandbindinguponbothparties.ThefeesforarbitrationshallbebornebythelosingPartyunlessotherwiseawarded.

[參考譯文]仲裁：一切因執(zhí)行本合同所發(fā)生與本合同有關(guān)之爭(zhēng)執(zhí)，雙方應(yīng)友好協(xié)商解決。如雙方協(xié)商不能解決時(shí)，此爭(zhēng)執(zhí)應(yīng)提交中國(guó)國(guó)際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)委員會(huì)對(duì)外貿(mào)易仲裁委員會(huì)，按照該仲裁委員會(huì)仲裁程序暫行規(guī)則進(jìn)行仲裁。仲裁地點(diǎn)在中國(guó)北京。仲裁委員會(huì)的裁決為終局裁決，對(duì)雙方均有約束力，對(duì)仲裁費(fèi)用除非仲裁委員會(huì)另有決定外，均由敗訴一方負(fù)擔(dān)。以下是一篇完整的采購(gòu)合同框架，讀者可體會(huì)一下合同翻譯的用詞，注意翻譯的準(zhǔn)確性。Purchase

Contract

Contract

No.(合同編號(hào)):

_________________

Date(簽訂日期)

________________________Signed

at(簽訂地點(diǎn))

_____________________

The

Buyer(買方)：______________________

Address(地址)：________________________

The

Seller(賣方)：______________________Address(地址)：________________________The

Seller

and

the

Buyer

agree

to

conclude

this

Contract

subject

to

the

terms

and

conditions

statedbelow:

買賣雙方同意按照下列條款簽訂本合同：

1.

Name,

Specifications

and

Quality

of

Commodity（貨物名稱、規(guī)格和質(zhì)量）：

2.

Quantity（數(shù)量）：

_______,_____________more

or

less

allowed(允許＿＿＿＿的溢短裝)3.

Unit

Price（單價(jià)）：

4.

Total

Amount（總值）：

5.

Terms

of

Delivery(交貨條件)

FOB/CFR/CIF＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

6.

Country

of

Origin

and

Manufacturers(原產(chǎn)地國(guó)與制造商

):

7.

Packing（包裝及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）：

Thepackingofthegoodsshallbepreventivefromdampness,rust,moisture,erosionandshock,andshallbesuitableforoceantransportation/multipletransportation.TheSellershallbeliableforanydamageandlossofthegoodsattributabletotheinadequateorimproperpacking.Themeasurement,grossweight,netweightandthecautionssuchas“Donotstackupsidedown”,“Keepawayfrommoisture”,“Handlewithcare”shallbestenciledonthesurfaceofeachpackagewithfadelesspigment.

貨物應(yīng)具有防潮、防銹蝕、防震并適合于遠(yuǎn)洋運(yùn)輸?shù)陌b，由于貨物包裝不良而造成的貨物殘損、滅失應(yīng)由賣方負(fù)責(zé)。賣方應(yīng)在每個(gè)包裝箱上用不褪色的顏色標(biāo)明尺碼、包裝箱號(hào)碼、毛重、凈重及“此端向上”、“防潮”、“小心輕放”等標(biāo)記。

8.

Shipping

Marks（嘜頭）：

9.

Time

of

Shipment(裝運(yùn)期限）：

10.

Port

of

Loading（裝運(yùn)口岸）：

11.

Port

of

Destination（目的口岸）：

12.Insurance（保險(xiǎn)）：

Insurance

shall

be

covered

by

the

________

for

110%

of

the

invoice

value

against

_______

Risks

and

__________

Additional

Risks.

由＿＿＿＿按發(fā)票金額110%投保＿＿＿＿＿險(xiǎn)和＿＿＿＿＿附加險(xiǎn)。

13.

Terms

of

Payment（付款條件）：

(1)LetterofCredit:TheBuyershall,

dayspriortothetimeofshipment/afterthisContractcomesintoeffect,openanirrevocableLetterofCreditinfavoroftheSeller.TheLetterofCreditshallexpire

daysafterthecompletionofloadingoftheshipmentasstipulated.

信用證方式：買方應(yīng)在裝運(yùn)期前/合同生效后＿＿日，開(kāi)出以賣方為受益人的不可撤銷的議付信用證，信用證在裝船完畢后＿＿日內(nèi)到期。

(2)

Documents

against

payment:

After

shipment,

the

Seller

shall

draw

a

sight

bill

of

exchange

onthe

Buyer

and

deliver

the

documents

through

Sellers

bank

and

______

Bank

to

the

Buyer

againstpayment,

i.e

D/P.

The

Buyer

shall

effect

the

payment

immediately

upon

the

first

presentation

ofthe

bill(s)

of

exchange.

付款交單：貨物發(fā)運(yùn)后，賣方出具以買方為付款人的付款跟單匯票，按即期付款交單（D/P）方式，通過(guò)賣方銀行及＿＿＿＿＿銀行向買方轉(zhuǎn)交單證，換取貨物。

(3)

Documents

against

Acceptance:

After

shipment,

the

Seller

shall

draw

a

sight

bill

of

exchange,

payable_____

days

after

the

Seller

delivers

the

document

through

Seller’sbank

and

_________Bank

to

the

Buyer

against

acceptance

(D/A

___

days).

The

Buyer

shall

make

the

payment

on

date

of

the

bill

of

exchange.

承兌交單：貨物發(fā)運(yùn)后，賣方出具以買方為付款人的付款跟單匯票，付款期限為＿＿＿＿后＿＿日，按即期承兌交單(D/A＿＿日)方式，通過(guò)賣方銀行及＿＿＿＿＿＿銀行，經(jīng)買方承兌后，向買方轉(zhuǎn)交單證，買方在匯票期限到期時(shí)支付貨款。

(4)

Cash

on

delivery

(COD):

The

Buyer

shall

pay

to

the

Seller

total

amount

within

______

daysafter

the

receipt

of

the

goods

(This

clause

is

not

applied

to

the

Terms

of

FOB,

CFR,

CIF).

貨到付款：買方在收到貨物后＿＿天內(nèi)將全部貨款支付賣方（不適用于FOB、CRF、CIF術(shù)語(yǔ)）。

14.

Documents

Required（單據(jù)）：

The

Seller

shall

present

the

following

documents

required

to

the

bank

for

negotiation/collection:

賣方應(yīng)將下列單據(jù)提交銀行議付/托收：

(1)Full

set

of

clean

on

board

Ocean/Combined

Transportation/Land

Bills

of

Lading

and

blankendorsed

marked

freight

prepaid/

to

collect;

標(biāo)明通知收貨人/受貨代理人的全套清潔的、已裝船的、空白抬頭、空白背書(shū)并注明運(yùn)費(fèi)已付/到付的海運(yùn)/聯(lián)運(yùn)/陸運(yùn)提單;

(2)

Signed

commercial

invoice

in

______copies

indicating

Contract

No.,

L/C

No.

(Terms

of

L/C)

and

shipping

marks;

標(biāo)有合同編號(hào)、信用證號(hào)（信用證支付條件下）及裝運(yùn)嘜頭的商業(yè)發(fā)票一式＿＿份；

(3)

Packing

list/weight

memo

in

______

copies

issued

by＿＿；由＿＿＿＿＿＿出具的裝箱或重量單一式＿＿份；

(4)

Certificate

of

Quality

in

_______

copies

issued

by＿＿＿＿；由＿＿＿＿＿＿出具的質(zhì)量證明書(shū)一式＿＿份；

(5)Certificate

of

Quantity

in

___

copies

issued

by＿＿＿；

由＿＿＿＿＿出具的數(shù)量證明書(shū)一式＿＿份；

(6)Insurance

policy/certificate

in

___

copies

(Terms

of

CIF)；

保險(xiǎn)單正本一式＿＿份(CIF

交貨條件)；

(7)Certificate

of

Origin

in

___

copies

issued

by＿＿＿＿；＿＿簽發(fā)的產(chǎn)地證一式＿＿份；

(8)The

Seller

shall,

within

____

hours

after

shipment

effected,

send

by

courier

each

copy

of

the

above-mentioned

documents

No.

＿＿.

裝運(yùn)通知(Shipping

advice):

賣方應(yīng)在交運(yùn)后_____小時(shí)內(nèi)以特快專遞方式郵寄給買方上述第＿＿項(xiàng)單據(jù)副本一式一套。

15.

Terms

of

Shipment（裝運(yùn)條款）：

(1)

FOB交貨方式

The

Seller

shall,

30

days

before

the

shipment

date

specified

in

the

Contract,

advise

the

Buyer

by

_______

of

the

Contract

No.,

commodity,

quantity,

amount,

packages,

gross

weight,

measurement,

and

the

date

of

shipment

in

order

that

the

Buyer

can

charter

a

vessel/book

shipping

space.

In

theevent

of

the

Seller's

failure

to

effect

loading

when

the

vessel

arrives

duly

at

the

loading

port,

allexpenses

including

dead

freight

and/or

demurrage

charges

thus

incurred

shall

be

for

the

Seller'saccount.

賣方應(yīng)在合同規(guī)定的裝運(yùn)日期前30天，以＿＿＿＿方式通知買方合同號(hào)、品名、數(shù)量、金額、包裝件、毛重、尺碼及裝運(yùn)港可裝日期，以便買方安排租船/訂艙。裝運(yùn)船只按期到達(dá)裝運(yùn)港后，如賣方不能按時(shí)裝船，發(fā)生的空船費(fèi)或滯期費(fèi)由賣方負(fù)擔(dān)。在貨物越過(guò)船舷并脫離吊鉤以前一切費(fèi)用和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)由賣方負(fù)擔(dān)。

(2)

CIF或CFR交貨方式

The

Seller

shall

ship

the

goods

duly

within

the

shipping

duration

from

the

port

of

loading

to

theport

of

destination.

Under

CFR

terms,

the

Seller

shall

advise

the

Buyer

by

_________

of

theContract

No.,

commodity,

invoice

value

and

the

date

of

dispatch

two

days

before

the

shipment

for

the

Buyer

to

arrange

insurance

in

time.

賣方須按時(shí)在裝運(yùn)期限內(nèi)將貨物由裝運(yùn)港裝船至目的港。在CFR術(shù)語(yǔ)下，賣方應(yīng)在裝船前2天以＿＿＿＿方式通知買方合同號(hào)、品名、發(fā)票價(jià)值及開(kāi)船日期，以便買方安排保險(xiǎn)。

16.

Shipping

Advice（裝運(yùn)通知）：

The

Seller

shall,

immediately

upon

the

completion

of

the

loading

of

the

goods,

advise

the

Buyer

of

the

Contract

No.,

names

of

commodity,

loading

quantity,

invoice

values,

gross

weight,

name

ofvessel

and

shipment

date

by

_________

within

________hours.

一旦裝載完畢，賣方應(yīng)在＿＿小時(shí)內(nèi)以＿＿＿＿方式通知買方合同編號(hào)、品名、已發(fā)運(yùn)數(shù)量、發(fā)票總金額、毛重、船名/車/機(jī)號(hào)及啟程日期等。

17.

Quality

Guarantee（質(zhì)量保證）：

The

Seller

shall

guarantee

that

the

commodity

must

be

in

conformity

with

the

quantity,specifications

and

quantity

specified

in

this

Contract

and

Letter

of

Quality

Guarantee.The

guarantee

period

shall

be

______

months

after

the

arrival

of

the

goods

at

the

port

ofdestination,

and

during

the

period

the

Seller

shall

be

responsible

for

the

damage

due

to

the

defects

in

designing

and

manufacturing

of

the

manufacturer.

貨物品質(zhì)規(guī)格必須符合本合同及質(zhì)量保證書(shū)之規(guī)定，品質(zhì)保證期為貨到目的港＿＿個(gè)月內(nèi)。在保證期限內(nèi)，因制造廠商在設(shè)計(jì)制造過(guò)程中的缺陷造成的貨物損害應(yīng)由賣方負(fù)責(zé)賠償。

18.

檢驗(yàn)（Inspection）

（以下兩項(xiàng)任選一項(xiàng)）：

（1）The

Seller

shall

have

the

goods

inspected

by

______

days

before

the

shipment

andhave

the

Inspection

Certificate

issued

by____.

The

Buyer

may

have

the

goods

re-inspected

by

________

after

the

goodsarrival

at

the

destination.

賣方須在裝運(yùn)前＿＿日委托＿＿＿＿＿＿檢驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)本合同之貨物進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)并出具檢驗(yàn)證書(shū)，貨到目的港后，由買方委托＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿檢驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。

(2)

The

manufacturers

shall,

before

delivery,

make

a

precise

and

comprehensive

inspection

ofthe

goods

with

regard

to

its

quality,

specifications,

performance

and

quantity/weight,

and

issueinspection

certificates

certifying

the

technical

data

and

conclusion

of

the

inspection.

After

arrivalof

the

goods

at

the

port

of

destination,

the

Buyer

shall

apply

to

China

Commodity

InspectionBureau

(hereinafter

referred

to

as

CCIB)

for

a

further

inspection

as

to

the

specifications

andquantity/weight

of

the

goods.

If

damages

of

the

goods

are

found,

or

the

specifications

and/orquantity

are

not

in

conformity

with

the

stipulations

in

this

Contract,

except

when

theresponsibilities

lies

with

Insurance

Company

or

Shipping

Company,

the

Buyer

shall,

within

_____

days

after

arrival

of

the

goods

at

the

port

of

destination,

claim

against

the

Seller,

or

reject

thegoods

according

to

the

inspection

certificate

issued

by

CCIB.

In

case

of

damage

of

the

goodsincurred

due

to

the

design

or

manufacture

defects

and/or

in

case

the

quality

and

performance

arenot

in

conformity

with

the

Contract,

the

Buyer

shall,

during

the

guarantee

period,

request

CCIB

to

make

a

survey.

發(fā)貨前，制造廠應(yīng)對(duì)貨物的質(zhì)量、規(guī)格、性能和數(shù)量/重量作精密全面的檢驗(yàn)，出具檢驗(yàn)證明書(shū)，并說(shuō)明檢驗(yàn)的技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)和結(jié)論。貨到目的港后，買方將申請(qǐng)中國(guó)商品檢驗(yàn)局(以下簡(jiǎn)稱商檢局)對(duì)貨物的規(guī)格和數(shù)量/重量進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)，如發(fā)現(xiàn)貨物殘損或規(guī)格、數(shù)量與合同規(guī)定不符，除保險(xiǎn)公司或輪船公司的責(zé)任外，買方得在貨物到達(dá)目的港后＿＿日內(nèi)憑商檢局出具的檢驗(yàn)證書(shū)向賣方索賠或拒收該貨。在保證期內(nèi)，如貨物由于設(shè)計(jì)或制造上的缺陷而發(fā)生損壞或品質(zhì)和性能與合同規(guī)定不符時(shí)，買方將委托中國(guó)商檢局進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。

19.Claim(索賠):The

buyer

shall

make

a

claim

against

the

Seller

(including

replacement

of

the

goods)

by

thefurther

inspection

certificate

and

all

the

expenses

incurred

therefrom

shall

be

borne

by

the

Seller.

The

claims

mentioned

above

shall

be

regarded

as

being

accepted

if

the

Seller

fail

to

reply

within

______days

after

the

Seller

received

the

Buyer's

claim.

買方憑其委托的檢驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu)出具的檢驗(yàn)證明書(shū)向賣方提出索賠（包括換貨），由此引起的全部費(fèi)用應(yīng)由賣方負(fù)擔(dān)。若賣方收到上述索賠后______天未予答復(fù)，則認(rèn)為賣方已接受買方索賠。

20.

Late

Delivery

and

Penalty(遲交貨與罰款):

Should

the

Seller

fail

to

make

delivery

on

time

as

stipulated

in

the

Contract,

with

the

exception

of

Force

Majeure

causes

specified

in

Clause

21

of

this

Contract,

the

Buyershall

agree

to

postpone

the

delivery

on

the

condition

that

the

Seller

agrees

to

pay

a

penalty

whichshall

be

deducted

by

the

paying

bank

from

the

payment

under

negotiation.

Therate

of

penalty

is

charged

at______%

Forevery

______

days,

odd

days

less

than

_____days

should

be

counted

as

______

days.

But

thepenalty,

however,

shall

not

exceed_______%

of

the

total

value

of

the

goods

involved

in

thedelayed

delivery.

In

case

the

Seller

fail

to

make

delivery

______

days

later

than

the

time

ofshipment

stipulated

in

the

Contract,

the

Buyer

shall

have

the

right

to

cancel

the

Contract

and

theSeller,

in

spite

of

the

cancellation,

shall

nevertheless

pay

the

aforesaid

penalty

to

the

Buyerwithout

delay.

The

buyer

shall

have

the

right

to

lodge

a

claim

against

the

Seller

for

the

losses

sustained

if

any.

除合同第21條不可抗力原因外，如賣方不能按合同規(guī)定的時(shí)間交貨，買方應(yīng)同意在賣方支付罰款的條件下延期交貨。罰款可由議付銀行在議付貨款時(shí)扣除，罰款率按每＿＿天收＿＿%，不足＿＿天時(shí)以＿＿天計(jì)算。但罰款不得超過(guò)遲交貨物總價(jià)的____%。如賣方延期交貨超過(guò)合同規(guī)定＿＿天時(shí)，買方有權(quán)撤銷合同，此時(shí)，賣方仍應(yīng)不遲延地按上述規(guī)定向買方支付罰款。買方有權(quán)對(duì)因此遭受的其他損失向賣方提出索賠。

21.

Force

Majeure(不可抗力)：

The

Seller

shall

not

be

responsible

for

the

delay

of

shipment

or

non-delivery

of

the

goods

due

toForce

Majeure,

which

might

occur

during

the

process

of

manufacturing

or

in

the

course

of

loading

or

transit.

The

Seller

shall

advise

the

Buyer

immediately

of

the

occurrence

mentioned

above

and

within_____

days

thereafter

the

Seller

shall

send

a

notice

by

courier

to

the

Buyer

for

theiracceptance

of

a

certificate

of

the

accident

issued

by

the

local

chamber

of

commerce

under

whosejurisdiction

the

accident

occurs

as

evidence

thereof.

Under

such

circumstances

the

Seller,however,

are

still

under

the

obligation

to

take

all

necessary

measures

to

hasten

the

delivery

of

the

goods.

In

case

the

accident

lasts

for

more

than

_____

days

the

Buyer

shall

have

the

right

to

cancel

the

Contract.

凡在制造或裝船運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中，因不可抗力致使賣方不能或推遲交貨時(shí)，賣方不負(fù)責(zé)任。在發(fā)生上述情況時(shí)，賣方應(yīng)立即通知買方，并在＿＿天內(nèi)，給買方特快專遞一份由當(dāng)?shù)孛耖g商會(huì)簽發(fā)的事故證明書(shū)。在此情況下，賣方仍有責(zé)任采取一切必要措施加快交貨。如事故延續(xù)＿＿天以上，買方有權(quán)撤銷合同。

22.

Arbitration(爭(zhēng)議的解決

):

Any

dispute

arising

from

or

in

connection

with

the

Contract

shall

be

settled

through

friendlynegotiation.

In

case

no

settlement

is

reached,

the

dispute

shall

be

submitted

to

China

International

Economic

and

Trade

Arbitration

Commission

(CIETAC),Shenzhen

Commission

for

arbitrationin

accordance

with

its

rules

in

effect

at

the

time

of

applying

for

arbitration.

The

arbitral

award

is

finaland

binding

upon

both

parties.

凡因本合同引起的或與本合同有關(guān)的任何爭(zhēng)議應(yīng)協(xié)商解決。若協(xié)商不成，應(yīng)提交中國(guó)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易仲裁委員會(huì)深圳分會(huì)，按照申請(qǐng)仲裁時(shí)該會(huì)現(xiàn)行有效的仲裁規(guī)則進(jìn)行仲裁。仲裁裁決是終局的，對(duì)雙方均有約束力。

23.

Notices（通知):

Allnoticeshallbewrittenin

andservedtobothpartiesbyfax/email/courieraccordingtothefollowingaddresses.Ifanychangesoftheaddressesoccur,onepartyshallinformtheotherpartyofthechangeofaddresswithin

daysafterthechange.

所有通知用＿＿＿＿文寫(xiě)成，并按照如下地址用傳真/電子郵件/快件送達(dá)給各方。如果地址有變更，一方應(yīng)在變更后＿＿日內(nèi)書(shū)面通知另一方。

24.ThetermsFOB,CFR,CIFintheContractarebasedonINCOTERMS2000oftheInternationalChamberofCommerce.

本合同使用的FOB、CFR、CIF術(shù)語(yǔ)系根據(jù)國(guó)際商會(huì)《2000年國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則》。

25.

Additional

clause(附加條款

)：

Conflicts

between

Contract

clause

hereabove

and

this

additional

clause,

if

any,

it

is

subject

to

this

additional

clause.

本合同上述條款與本附加條款抵觸時(shí)，以本附加條款為準(zhǔn)。

26.ThisContractisexecutedintwocounterpartseachinChineseandEnglish,eachofwhichshallbedeemedequallyauthentic.ThisContractisin

copies,effectivesincebeingsigned/sealedbybothparties.

本合同用中英文兩種文字寫(xiě)成，兩種文字具有同等效力。本合同共＿＿

份，自雙方代表簽字（蓋章）之日起生效。

Representative

of

the

Buyer

買方代表（簽字）：

(Authorized

signature):

Representative

of

the

Seller

賣方代表（簽字）：

(Authorized

signature):

翻譯法律文件要求忠實(shí)于原文，不但要表意準(zhǔn)確，而且還要符合法律語(yǔ)言的風(fēng)格。文字要精確，洗煉。這就要求法律翻譯工作者除了應(yīng)具備從事一般文字翻譯所必需的能力外，在英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)的功底和寫(xiě)作能力上也有較高的要求，還要具備一定的法律方面的知識(shí)。名家談翻譯賀麟：論翻譯（節(jié)選）今翻譯之職務(wù)，即在于由明道知意而用相應(yīng)之語(yǔ)言文字以傳達(dá)此意表示此道，故翻譯是可能的。因道是可傳，意是可宣的。再則，意與言道與文既是一與多的關(guān)系，則可推知同一真理，同一意思，可用許多不同的語(yǔ)言文字或其他方式以表達(dá)之。意思惟一，而表達(dá)此同一意思之語(yǔ)言文字可以多種。言之多，不妨害意之一。今學(xué)術(shù)上同一的客觀真理，當(dāng)然可以用多種語(yǔ)言文字以表達(dá)之，而不妨害其為同一之真理。今翻譯的本質(zhì)，即是用不同的語(yǔ)言文字，以表達(dá)同一的真理，故翻譯是可能的。從這一番關(guān)于翻譯可能的哲學(xué)原理的討論，我們可以紳繹出下列兩層道理：第一，翻譯既是以多的語(yǔ)言文字，去傳達(dá)同一的意思或真理，故凡從事翻譯者，應(yīng)注重原書(shū)義理的了解，意思的把握。換言之，翻譯應(yīng)注重意譯或義譯。不通原書(shū)義理，不明著者意旨，而徒斤斤于語(yǔ)言文字的機(jī)械對(duì)譯，這就根本算不得翻譯。真切理解原文意旨與義理之后，然后下