2020考研英語：翻譯模擬題答案(三)

2020考研英語：翻譯模擬題答案（三）考研英語有許多題目組成，方便大家及時(shí)了解，下面為你精心準(zhǔn)備了“2020考研英語：翻譯模擬題答案(三)”，持續(xù)關(guān)注本站將可以持續(xù)獲取的考試資訊!2020考研英語：翻譯模擬題答案(三)Economics,asweknowit,isthesocialscienceconcernedwiththeproduction,distribution,exchange,andconsumptionofgoodsandservices.Economistsfocusonthewayinwhichindividuals,groups,businessenterprises,andgovernmentsseektoachieveefficientlyanyeconomicobjectivetheyselect.(1)Otherfieldsofstudyalsocontributetothisknowledge:Psychologyandethicstrytoexplainhowobjectivesareformed,historyrecordschangesinhumanobjectives,andsociologyinterpretshumanbehaviorinsocialcontexts.Standardeconomicscanbedividedintotwomajorfields.(2)Thefirst,pricetheoryormicroeconomics,explainshowtheinterplayofsupplyanddemandincompetitivemarketscreatesamultitudeofindividualprices,wagerates,profitmargins,andrentalchanges.Microeconomicsassumesthatpeoplebehaverationally.ConsumerstrytospendtheirincomeinwaysthatgivethemasmuchpleasureaspossibleAseconomistssay,theymaximizeutility.Fortheirpart,entrepreneursseekasmuchprofitastheycanextractfromtheiroperations.Thesecondfield,macroeconomics,dealswithmodernexplanationsofnationalincomeandemployment.Macroeconomicsdatesfromthebook,TheGeneralTheoryofEmployment,Interest,andMoney(1935),bytheBritisheconomistJohnMaynardKeynes.Hisexplanationofprosperityanddepressioncentersonthetotaloraggregatedemandforgoodsandservicesbyconsumers,businessinvestors,andgovernments,(3)Because,accordingtoKeynes,inadequatetotaldemandincreasesunemployment,theindicatedcureiseithermoreinvestmentbybusinessesormorespendingandconsequentlylargerbudgetdeficitsbygovernment.Economicissueshaveoccupiedpeople'smindsthroughouttheages.(4)AristotleandPlatoinancientGreecewroteaboutproblemsofwealth,property,andtrade,bothofwhomwereprejudicedagainstcommerce,feelingthattolivebytradewasundesirable.TheRomansborrowedtheireconomicideasfromtheGreeksandshowedthesamecontemptfortrade.(5)DuringtheMiddleAgestheeconomicideasoftheRomanCatholicchurchwereexpressedinthelawofthechurch,whichcondemnedthetakingofinterestformoneyloanedandregardedcommerceasinferiortoagriculture.Economicsasasubjectofmodernstudy,distinguishablefrommoralphilosophyandpolitics,datesfromthework,InquiryintotheNatureandCausesoftheWealthofNations(1776),bytheScottishphilosopherandeconomistAdamSmith.MercantilismandphysiocracywereprecursorsoftheclassicaleconomicsofSmithandhis19th-centurysuccessors.答案其他領(lǐng)域的研究也有助于對(duì)此的理解：心理學(xué)和倫理學(xué)試圖解釋目標(biāo)是如何形成的，歷史記錄著人們所追求的目標(biāo)的變化，社會(huì)學(xué)則從社會(huì)環(huán)境的角度來解釋人們的行為。第一個(gè)領(lǐng)域，價(jià)格理論或微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，解釋在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的市場(chǎng)中供需間的相互作用是怎樣導(dǎo)致了大量的個(gè)別價(jià)格、工資率、利潤空間和租金的變化。因?yàn)?，按照凱恩斯的理論，不充分的總體需求會(huì)增加失業(yè)，建議的解決方式是企業(yè)擴(kuò)大投資或政府增加開支，繼而增加預(yù)算赤字。古希臘的亞里士多德和柏圖都在著作中談到財(cái)富、財(cái)產(chǎn)和貿(mào)易問題，兩人都對(duì)商業(yè)持有偏見，認(rèn)為靠生意來謀生是不足取的。在中世紀(jì)，羅馬天主教會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)思想表達(dá)在其教法中，教法譴責(zé)從借貸中獲利的行為，并認(rèn)為商業(yè)地位劣于農(nóng)業(yè)?？傮w分析本文主要介紹了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的研究發(fā)展歷史。第一段：經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的定義及研究對(duì)象。第二、三段：經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的兩大領(lǐng)域：微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)。第四、五段：經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究的古代和現(xiàn)代理論。試題精解［精解］本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：并列分句、后置定語。該句子中冒號(hào)后是并列的三個(gè)簡單句。第一個(gè)分句中how引導(dǎo)的從句做explain的賓語第二個(gè)和第三個(gè)分句中都有介詞in的短語做后置定語，翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)提前。詞匯方面：contributeto意為“是的原因增進(jìn)，有助于”knowledge意為“知識(shí)知曉，了解”，文中活譯為“對(duì)…的理解”。［精解］本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：賓語從句、狀語。句子的主干是Thefirstexplainshow…。主語后的名詞短語pricetheoryormicroeconomics是其同位語，因此翻譯thefirst時(shí)，應(yīng)增譯為“第一個(gè)領(lǐng)域”。how引導(dǎo)賓語從句，其主干是theinterplay…creates…。介詞短語incompetitivemarkets做地點(diǎn)狀語，翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)前置。詞匯方面：interplay意為“相互影響”amultitudeof意為“許多的，大量的”individual意為“個(gè)別的，單獨(dú)的，個(gè)人的"margin意為“（時(shí)間、空間、金錢的）余地”，profitmargin指“利潤空間”。［精解］本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。該句是包含原因狀語從句的復(fù)合句,句子主干是theindicatedcureis…，表語由并列連詞either…or…連接。詞匯方面：indicated是過去分詞用做形容詞，動(dòng)詞indicate意為“表明，暗示，提及，建議”根據(jù)上下文indicated譯為“建議的”。moreinvestment，morespending和largerbudgetdeficits是形容詞比較級(jí)加名詞，根據(jù)漢語習(xí)慣轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞加名詞的搭配，即“擴(kuò)大投資”、“增加開支”和“增加預(yù)算赤字”。［精解］本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：定語從句、分詞做狀語。主句是Aristotleand…wroteaboutproblems…，后面接有bothofwhom引導(dǎo)的定語從句，采用拆譯法單獨(dú)成句。句子最后的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)feelingthat…在定語從句中做狀語，翻譯時(shí)也應(yīng)單獨(dú)成句，that后引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，做feeling的賓語。詞