2021屆高三英語一輪專項復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)題之定位

閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)題之定位提高定位速度的2大技巧細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題占了閱讀理解的三分之二以上。而解答細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題關(guān)鍵是第一步：定位！因為閱讀理解中重要的原則之一就是忠于原文。忠于原文指的是每題題干都需要回原文定位，找到相應(yīng)的對應(yīng)信息才能解題。很多考生解題時只是粗略地看一遍文章，甚至一口氣讀4道題干，以為自己如有神功，能全部記住。不分析題干內(nèi)容就去匆忙讀原文，這些學(xué)生被稱為“印象派”。他們解題的錯誤率極高，究其原因就是題干回原文定位不準(zhǔn)。在沒有搞懂題干內(nèi)容的情況下不對應(yīng)原文，全憑印象和主觀猜測解題，效果可想而知。信息定位有以下兩個常用技巧：一利用題文一致原則定位從近幾年的全國卷高考試題來看，題目答案信息處的順序和文章行文順序基本一致，利用題文一致原則，有助于迅速定位原文?！久}規(guī)律】以2019年全國卷I4篇閱讀理解為例篇章第1題第2題第3題第4題A第5段第8段第10段B第1段第2段第5段全文C第1和2段第2段第4段全文D第1段第2段第4段全文二利用定位詞定位定位詞的選用(1)特殊定位詞在很多題目當(dāng)中會出現(xiàn)人名、地名、數(shù)字、年份和大寫字母縮寫這五類特殊詞。因為它們的特點是在一篇多數(shù)是英文小寫字母的文章里非常的醒目，所以很快就能夠做到精確定位。[示例1]HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears，Gordon'sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey'reclosetoasolution(解決方案).“Wedon'tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers，”saysFlorenceGold，aprojectmanager.33.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.Tosharpenstudents'communicationskills.C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.分析：選D。本題可以根據(jù)特殊定位詞HUNCH可以定位到本段的第一句“HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.”可知，HUNCH項目的目的是把學(xué)校教育與航天技術(shù)聯(lián)系在一起，故答案為D。(2)普通定位詞普通定位詞與特殊定位詞相比，出現(xiàn)的幾率更高。當(dāng)我們看到題中沒有特殊定位詞的情況下，要思考的就是在這道似乎沒有啥重點的詞語中挑選出最能幫助我們快速找到定位的詞語?？梢援?dāng)做定位詞的首選是名詞，其次是動詞。[示例2]InSaveMoney：GoodFood，shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste，whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome，preparingmealsforsons，Sam，14，F(xiàn)inn，13，andJack，11.25.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.Heassistsherincookingmatters.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.分析：選C。由于比較醒目人名MattTebbutt和Susanna在文中出現(xiàn)多次,所以不能作為定位詞。本題可以利用題干中的動詞help來定位，從而找到原文信息“withthehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste”。挑選定位詞的注意點(1)文章中的高頻詞不能作為定位詞定位詞的最大優(yōu)勢就是可以縮小閱讀范圍，如果我們定位了一個在文章中處處可能出現(xiàn)的詞語，那就失去了定位的意義。（2）定位詞和文中詞有可能是詞義轉(zhuǎn)換在實際做題過程中還要注意，不是所有的題目都可以用定位詞來定位的。而且如果是遇到細(xì)節(jié)信息定位題，很多時候定位詞的作用被削弱了，因為題目中的詞和文中的詞會以同義詞替換的形式出現(xiàn)。所以建議考生一方面要掌握如何去找定位詞，另外一方面要提高自己的閱讀詞匯量，尤其是同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換，這樣才能一擊必中，快速找到答案出現(xiàn)的地方解決問題。[示例1]CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington，D.C.Duration：3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington，D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—andthecherryblossoms—disappear!21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington，D.C.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington，D.C.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.分析：選A。本題可以用同義詞定位：bookinadvance=reserve“預(yù)約”。根據(jù)第一條自行車旅行路線中的“Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—andthecherryblossoms一disappear!”可知，選擇這條自行車旅行路線需要提前預(yù)訂。課后練習(xí)（一）Whenwasthelasttimeyoutoldsomeonetheyinspireyoutogotoworkeachmorning?TeachersatOakParkHighSchoolinKansasCity,Missouri,didjustthatthisSeptember,whentheypulledindividualstudentsoutofclasstotellthemjusthowmuchtheyappreciatedthem.Thestudents'reactions,whichwerecaptured（捕捉）onvideoandsharedonYouTuberangedfromshythankstohugsandtears.“Ihavebeenchallengedtofindastudentwhomakesmewanttocometoschooleveryday,”saysoneteacherinthevideo,“andthat'syou.”JamieMcSparin,ateacherinchargeoftheschool'sacademyprogramforat-risksophomores（二年級學(xué)生）andjuniors.posedthechallenge,writesABCNews.“Initiallywhenwepulledthekidsout,theyallthoughttheywereintrouble,”McSparintold

ABCNews."Anyteacher-studentinteraction（互動）alwaysseemstobenegative,andthatwassomethingthatbotheredme,too.Nomatterifthey'reagoodkidoratroublemakeroranything,theyalwaysthoughttheywereintrouble,”shesays.McSparinsaysshegottheideafortheprojectafterattendingaprofessionaldevelopmentworkshopthissummercalled“thepowerofpositivity”.“Iliketheideaoflettingstudentsknowtheyareappreciated,becausewedoappreciatethem.Ijustdon'tthinkwesayitenough,”shetoldlocalnews.It'ssafetosaythechallengewaseffective.“Ifeelspecial,”saidoneoftheboysinthevideo.“Youshould,”saidhisteacher.“Youarespecial.”Whatdoestheunderlinedword“posed”inParagraph5mean?Presented.B.Rejected.C.Ignored.D.Evaluated.Howdidthestudentsprobablyfeelwhenpulledoutoftheclassroomatfirst?Nervous.B.Thrilled.C.Curious.D.Encouraged.WhatinspiredMcSparintochallengetheproject?Thetroublecausedbystudents.Theneedofshootingthevideo.Aseminarnamed“thepowerofpositivity”.Aprogramrelatedtostudents'interactions.Whatmessagedoesthistextmainlyconvey?Challengeisunavoidableinlife.Everyoneneedstobeappreciated.Positivityoutweighsnegativity.Newsmediacontributetostudents'progress.參考答案：AACB課后練習(xí)課后練習(xí)TheflowersarebloomingandthebirdsaresingingasMelindasitsintherosegardenofthenursinghome.Sheisrecallingoldtimesasshewaitsforherfamily'sarrival.ThenursinghomehasbeenMelinda'snewsettlementeversinceThomaspassedawayaweekago.Thomashadfoughtalongandhardbattleagainstlungcancerforthreeyears.Unfortunately,hehasbrokenthepromisethatheandMelindahadmade:tobewitheachotherforeverybirthday.MelindaknewthiswasunrealisticbutagreedtothepromiseforThomas'ssake.“Thomas,youarecompletelyadreamer.”MelindashoutedtoThomasashedraggedonaboutlivingonanislandwithhisbeautifulwife.That'swhatshelovedabouthimmost—hehadavividimagination.Theygotmarriedatageeighteenandbeganhavingchildrenrightaway.Marycamewithintheyear,followedbyThomasBenjaminII,Lilly-Ann,andJoseph“LittleJoey"George.Thefamilylivedanexultantlifefilledwithlaughterandlove.“Mom!”Lillyshouted,butitreallysoundedlikeahowl.Melindahadlostherselfinthinkingaboutthelifeshehadsharedwithherlatehusband.Lillypushedherdownthelongdarkhallsofthenursinghomeuntiltheyarrivedattherecreationalroom.Whenthedoorsopened,Melindaputherhandoverhermouthandwascompletelyspeechless.Theroomwascrowdedwiththepeoplenearestanddearesttoherandthewarmthandlovewasfeltinstantly.Thenightwenton;storiesandcocktailsweresharedandeverythingwasperfect.However,whenMelind