2020高考英語閱讀理解解題技巧專項(xiàng)突破四：閱讀理解專題之寫作目的題

專題4閱讀理解專題之----寫作目的題【設(shè)問形式】寫作目的題常見設(shè)問形式：推斷寫作目的題的設(shè)問題干中常有purpose,或后面接表示目的的動(dòng)詞不定式，如:to,inorderto,meantto等?？梢蕴釂枌?duì)整篇文章的目的，對(duì)文章某一段落或某一部分的目的，或者對(duì)某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫作意圖推斷。比如:Whatisthewriter'spurposeinwritingthepassage?Whatisthepurposeofthe...partofthetext?Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?Whatisthemainpurposeof…?...arementionedinthe...paragraphto...【考查方式】高考閱讀理解推斷寫作目的或意圖題要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，推測(cè)作者的寫作意圖及應(yīng)用某種寫作手法的目的。作者一般不會(huì)直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過文章中提供的一些事實(shí)或表述來使讀者信服某種觀點(diǎn)或看法。此類題型主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確理解，分析和歸納總結(jié)作者闡述的問題及寫作手法的能力。推斷作者寫這篇文章的目的，要綜合考慮文章的主旨和文章的文體：1）寫作目的與文章主旨密切相關(guān)，因此，可以用略讀法，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注文章的首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主題句，抓出文章的主旨，然后通過主旨來推斷作者的寫作目的。通常議論文、新聞報(bào)道、說明文等，主題句多在開頭，可以快速推斷出作者的寫作目的。2）作者的寫作目的還和文章的文體密切相關(guān)，所以我們可以通過分析文章的文體來做出推斷。議論文的目的通常是說服讀者接受或贊同作者的某一觀點(diǎn)或倡導(dǎo)某種做法。說明文的目的通常是使讀者獲得某種知識(shí)、提出某種建議、勸告或呼吁對(duì)某種現(xiàn)象或某個(gè)問題給予重視記敘文的目的一般是分享一段有趣的經(jīng)歷，告訴讀者一個(gè)有趣的故事，讀者從中得到樂趣；如果是夾敘夾議的文章，目的一般是表達(dá)作者感悟或給讀者某種啟示。廣告類文章作者一般是推銷某種產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)，所以目的通常是吸引更多的顧客、游客、讀者、觀眾等。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練【例題】1.2017全國卷IIBIfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn'twantmeforthefilm-itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul-hestoodupforme.Idon'tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.Wewererespectfulofcraft（技藝）andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors:humorous,aggressive,andmakingfunofeachother-butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore（核心）ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou'refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback-hewithhisNewman'sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidn'tseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.He'dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas,andwedidn'ttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidn'tneedalotofwords.27.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetest?Toshowhisloveoffilms.B.Torememberafriend.C.Tointroduceanewmovie.D.Tosharehisactingexperience.解析：B根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，尤其是第一段中的“IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968”以及最后一段中的“Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago”可知，該篇文章的目的是回憶以為好朋友，所以選B項(xiàng)。2.2017全國卷1APacificScienceCenterGuide?VisitPacificScienceCenter'sStoreDon'tforgettostopbyPacificScienceCenter'sStorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorrememberyourvisit.Thestoreislocated（（立于）upstairsinBuilding3rightnexttotheLasterDome..HungryOurexhibitswillfeedyourmindbutwhataboutyourbody?Ourcafeoffersacompletemenuoflunchandsnackoptions,inadditiontoseasonalspecials.ThecafeislocatedupstairsinBuilding1andisopendailyuntilonehourbeforePacificScienceCentercloses..RentalInformationLockersareavailabletostoreanybelongingsduringyourvisit.ThelockersarelocatedinBuilding1neartheInformationDeskandinBuilding3.PushchairsandwheelchairsareavailabletorentattheInformationDeskandDennyWayentrance.IDrequired..SupportPacificScienceCenterSince1962PacificScienceCenterhasbeeninspiringapassion（熱情）fordiscoveryandlifelonglearninginscience,mathandtechnology.TodayPacificScienceCenterservesmorethan1.3millionpeopleayearandbeingsinquiry-basedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandcommunityeventsalloverWashingtonState.It'sanamazingaccomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporations,andothersocialorganizations.VtofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.23.Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?Toencouragedonations.Toadvertisecomingevents.Tointroducespecialexhibits.TotellabouttheCenter'shistory.解析：A根據(jù)最后一段的標(biāo)題“SupportPacificScienceCenter”和MVtofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.”可知，本段旨在鼓勵(lì)人們?yōu)樘窖罂茖W(xué)中心的發(fā)展捐款?！九e一反三】AKIPPschoolsworkcloselywithfamiliestocreateawelcomingschoolenvironmentwherestudentscansucceed.Throughphonecalls,emails,homevisits,andparent-teacherconferences,KIPPschoolsregularlycommunicatewithfamiliesabouttheirchild'sacademicdevelopmenttohelpstudentsfromeducationallyunderservedcommunitiesdeveloptheknowledge,skills,character,andhabitsneededtosucceedincollegeandthecompetitiveworldbeyond.Enroll（注冊(cè)）ataKIPPSchoolKIPPschoolsaretuition-free,publicschoolsopentoallstudents.ToenrollyourchildinaKIPPschool,pleasecontacttheschoolinyourcommunitydirectlybyphoneoremail.AsafeandstructuredenvironmentStudentsneedphysicalandemotionalsafetyinordertotakerisksandlearnfromtheirsuccessesandtheirmistakes.Ourschoolsprovideanenvironmentwithminimaldistractions干擾）andmoretimeforacademics,soourstudentsloveschoolandmaximizetheirlearning.Athree-waypartnershipBychoosingKIPP,students,parents,andteachersmakeacommitmenttoexcellence.Allthreepartiesareinittogether.Theysignanagreementcalledthe“CommitmenttoExcellence,”whichensuresthateachwilldowhateverittakestohelpthestudentlearn.AllKIPPschoolsshareacommonapproachandyeteveryKIPPschoolisunique.Touraschooltobetterunderstandtheculture,schedule,andcurriculum.WhoareallowedtobeadmittedtoKIPPschools?Studentsfromallclasses.Studentswithgoodtalents.Studentsfrompoorfamilies.Studentswithspecialeducation.WhydoesKIPPofferastructuredenvironmentforstudents?Tocommunicatewitheachother.Toreduceparents'worries.Tolengthenthetimeinlearning.Tosharetheirexperience.Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?A.Toattracttourists.B.Tomakeasummary.C.Tointroducetheschool.D.Tomakeasuggestion.A篇【解析】本文是一篇廣告布告類短文閱讀。文章主要介紹了KIPP學(xué)校其特色，以及學(xué)校注冊(cè)、環(huán)境和三方合作等方面。A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段KIPPschoolsaretuition-free,publicschoolsopentoallstudents可知，KIPP學(xué)校招收各階層的學(xué)生。故選A。C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段Ourschoolsprovideanenvironmentwithminimaldistractions干擾）andmoretimeforacademics,soourstudentsloveschoolandmaximizetheirlearning可知，KIPP學(xué)校提供約束的環(huán)境是為學(xué)生提供更多的時(shí)間在學(xué)業(yè)上。故選CoD推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段內(nèi)容可知，此段建議如果想更好的了解該學(xué)校，可以到學(xué)校實(shí)地參觀故選DoBNearly20U.S.stateshavestartedcarryingoutformerpresidentBarackObama'sCleanPowerPlan,whichplaceslimitsoncarbondioxideemissionsfrompowerplantsinanefforttoreducetheimpactsofclimatechange.Theplanhasbeeninlegallimbo（邊緣）forthepastyear.Yetscientistshavenowcalculatedanotheroutcomeofthepolicy:harmtocropyields（產(chǎn)量）iftheplaniscancelled.Alongwithcarbonpollution,coal-firedpowerplantsspew（噴出）pollutantsthatformwhatweknowassmog.Thecontributionofsmogtoincreasedratesofasthma（哮喘）andprematuredeathswasalreadyknown.Thenewresearchestimatestheextenttowhichsmog,underair-pollutionpolicies-4nplacebeforetheCleanPowerPlan,wouldlimitproductionin2020offourmajorcrops:corn,cotton,potatoesandsoybeans.LedbyenvironmentalengineerShannonL.Capps,nowatDrexelUniversity,theteamalsosketchedtheextenttowhichthosecropproductionlosseswouldreduceunderthreenationwidescenarios（方案）.Oneimprovedtheefficiencyofindividualpowerplants.AnothermodeledapolicysimilartotheObamaplan,settingstateCO2emissionsgoalsfortheelectricitydepartment.Athirdestablishedataxoncarbonemissions,underwhichemissionsfellthemost.Butthegreatestdropinsmog-formingpollutants—andgreatestgainsincropyields—camefrompoliciessuchastheCleanPowerPlan.Researcherscalculatedhowwelleachscenariowouldreducethepotentialproductivityloss（PPL）ofeachcrop.PPLisaprojectedvaluefor2020andindicateshowmuchcropgrowthwouldsufferbecauseofsmog.Scenario2mostcloselyagreeswithresultsexpectedfromtheCleanPowerPlan.What'sthemainpurposeofTheCleanPowerPlan?A.Tooffercleanpower,B.TolimitCO2emissions.C.Toslowclimatechange.D.Toincreasecropproduction.Thelatestresearchshowsthatsmogmaycause.A.asthmaB.earlydeathsC.heartdiseaseD.cropproductionlossWhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A.Scenario3wasintendedtoincreasetaxes.Scenario2increasedcropyieldsmos