中考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解 科普環(huán)保類一（含答案）

…………○…………外…………○…………裝…………○…………外…………○…………裝…………○…………訂…………○…………線…………○…………※※請※※不※※要※※在※※裝※※訂※※線※※內(nèi)※※答※※題※※…………○…………內(nèi)…………○…………裝…………○…………訂…………○…………線…………○…………一、閱讀理解（共5題）1、

TheWorld’sWaterShortage

Theworldisnotonlyhungry,butitisalsothirstyforwater.Thismayseemstrangetoyou,sincenearly70percent（百分比）oftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Butabout97percentofthishugeamountisseawater,orsaltwater.Mancanonlydrinkandusetheother3percent－thefreshwaterfromrivers,lakes,underground,andothersources（資源）.Andwecannotevenuseallofthat,becausesomeofitisintheformoficebergsandglaciers（冰川）.Evenworse,someofithasbeenpolluted.

However,asthingsstandtoday,thissmallamountoffreshwaterisstillenoughforus.Butourneedforwaterisincreasing（增加）rapidly－almostdaybyday.Onlyifwetakestepstodealwiththisproblemnowcanweavoid（避免）asevere（嚴(yán)重的）worldwidewatershortagelateron.

Weallhavetolearnhowtostopwastingourvaluablewater.Oneofthefirststepsistodevelopwaysofreusingit.

Todayinmostlargecities,waterisusedonlyonceandthensentoutintoasewersystem（下水道）.Fromthereitreturnstotheseaorrunsintoundergroundstoragetanks.Butitispossibletopipeusedwatertoapurifying（凈化）plant.Thereitcanbetreatedwithchemicalssothatitcanbeusedagain,justasifitwerefreshfromaspring.

Butevenifeverylargecitypurifiedandreuseditswater,westillwouldnothaveenough.Allwe’dhavetodotomakeuseofthevastreserves（貯備）ofseawaterintheworldistoremovethesalt.

Ifwetakethesestepswe’llbeinnodangerofdryingup.

1.Theworldisthirstyforwaterbecausewecanonlyuse_________percentofthewatercoveringthesurfaceoftheearth.

A.3

B.morethan3

C.lessthan3

D.97

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNottrue?

A.Asthingsremainunchanging,thissmallamountoffreshwaterisstillenoughforus.

B.Ourneedforwaterisbecominglargerandlarger.

C.Therewillbenowatershortageinthefuture.

D.Weshouldtakestepstodealwiththewatershortageproblem.

3.Toreusewater,weshould__________.

A.treatitwithchemicals

B.useitonlyonce

C.senditoutintoasewersystem

D.makeitflowintoundergroundtanks

4.Inordertohaveenoughwater,weshouldalsomakeuseof_________.

A.icebergsandglaciers

B.seawater

C.riversandlake

D.undergroundwater

5.Inthepassage,thewritertellsus________.

A.tomakeenoughwater

B.topaymoreattentiontothewatershortageproblem

C.topipeusedwatertoapurifyingplant

D.toreusethewater2、Pollution

Hundredsofyearsago,lifewasmuchharderthanitistoday.Peopledidn’thavemodernmachines.Therewasnomodernmedicine,either.

Lifetodayhasbroughtnewproblems.Oneofthebiggestispollution（污染）.Waterpollutionhasmadeourriversandlakesdirty.Itkillsourfishandpollutedourdrinkingwater.Noisepollutionmakesustalklouderandbecomeangrymoreeasily.Airpollutionisthemostseriouskindofpollution.It’sbadtoalllivingthingsintheworld.

Cars,planesandfactoriesallpolluteouraireveryday.Sometimesthepollutedairissothickthatitislikeaquiltoveracity.Thiskindofquiltiscalledsmog（煙霧）.

Manycountriesaremakingrulestofightpollution.Factoriesmustnowcleantheirwaterbeforeitisthrownaway,theymustn’tblowdirtysmokeintotheair.

Weneedtodomanyotherthings.Wecanputwastethingsinthedustbinandnotthrowitontheground.Wecangotoworkbybusorwithourfriendsinthesamecar.Iftherearefewerpeopledriving,therewillbelesspollution.

Rulesarenotenough.Everypersonmusthelptofightpollution.

1.Hundredsofyearsago,lifewasmuchharderthanitistodaybecause_______.

A.therewerenotanymodernmachines

B.therewasnomodernmedicine

C.bothAandB

D.therewerenotmanypeople

2.Whatisthebiggestproblemintoday’slife?

A.Waterpollution

B.Airpollution

C.Noise

D.Pollution

3.Themostseriouskindofpollutionis________.

A.noisepollution

B.airpollution

C.waterpollution

D.A,BandC

4.Factoriesmustcleantheirwater________.

A.beforetheyarethrownaway

B.whentheyarethrownaway

C.afteritisthrownaway

D.beforeitisthrownaway

5.Fromthepassageweknowthat________.

A.afewyearsago,therewasnosmogatall

B.todaypeopledon’thavetotalktoeachotherinaloudvoice

C.wecandrinkwaterfromthepollutedriversandlakes’

D.peoplearemakingrulesinordertofightpollution3、Therehavebeenmanygreatinventionsthatchangedthewaywelive.Thefirstgreatinventionwasonethatisstillveryimportanttoday-thewheel.Thisinventionmadeiteasiertocarryheavythingsandtotravellongdistances.Intheearly1800stheworldstartedtochange.Therewaslittleunknownlandintheworld.Peoplebegantoworktomakelifebetter.Inthe19thcentury,manygreatinventionsweremade.Amongthemwerethecamerasandthelightbulbs.Thereweremoregreatinventionsintheearly20thcentury,suchasthehelicoptersin1907,movieswithsoundin1910andjetplanesinthe1930s.Thiswasalsoatimewhenanewmaterialwasfirstmade.Nyloncameoutin1935.Itchangedthekindofclothespeoplewear.Bythistimemostpeoplehavehadaverygoodlife.Manhasadesiretoexploremore.Theworldwasknowntomanbutthestarswerenot.Manbeganlookingforwaystogointospace.Russiamadethefirststep.Sincethenothercountries,includingtheUnitedStatesandChina,havemadetheirstepsintospace.In1969mantookhisbiggeststep.AnAmericanfirstwalkedonthemoon.Thisiscertainlyjusta

beginning.Newinventionswillsomedayallowustodothingswehaveneverdreamedof.1.Thispassagemainlytalksabout________.A.whycarswereveryimportantB.whenthelightbulbwasinventedC.whichcountrymadethefirststepintospaceD.theprocess(進(jìn)程)ofinventions2.Nyloncameoutnearlyatthesametimeas_______.A.thehelicopterB.thecameraC.jetplanesD.movies3._______madethefirststepintospace.A.RussiaB.ChinaC.AmericaD.Japan4.Whatdoes"adesire"meaninParagraph4?A.agoodwayB.anewinventionC.astrongwishD.awonderfulidea5.WhichofthefollowingsisNOTtrue?A.Thewheelwasthefirstgreatinvention,butitisnotveryimportanttoday.B.AnAmericanfirststeppedonthemoon.C.Intheearly1800stherewaslittleunknownland.D.Newinventionswillchangeourlivesgreatlyinthefuture.4、Manyofusbelievethataperson’smindbecomeslessactiveashegrowsolder.Butthisisnottrue,accordingtoDrJarvik,professorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia.Shehasstudiedthementalfunctioningofagingpersonsforseveralyears.Forexample,oneofherstudiesconcerns136pairsoftwins(雙胞胎),whowerefirstexaminedwhentheywerealready60yearsold.AsDrJarvikcontinuedthestudyofthetwinsintotheir70sand80s,theirmindsdidnotgenerallydecline(衰弱)aswasexpected.However,therewassomedeclineintheirpsycho-motorspeed.Thismeansthatittookthemlongertofinishmentaltasksthanitusedto.Butwhenspeedwasnotafactor,theylostverylittleintellectual(智力的)abilityovertheyears.Ingeneral,DrJarvik’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlywiththoseintheir30sand40s,butwiththoseintheir60sand70saswell.Itistruethatolderpeoplethemselvesoftencomplainthattheirmemoryisnotasgoodasitoncewas.However,muchofwhatwecall“l(fā)ossofmemory”isnotthatatall.Thereusuallywasincompletelearninginthefirstplace.Forexample,theolderpersonperhapshadtroublehearing,orpoorvision,orwastryingtolearnthenewthingattoofastaspeed.Inthecaseswheretheolderperson’smindreallyseemstogetworse,itisnotnecessarilyasignofdeclineduetooldage.Oftenitissimplyasignofasademotionalstate.小題1:Thispassageismainlyabout_______.A．whatcausedmentaldeclineB．a(chǎn)newdiscoveryaboutmentaldeclineC．thedifferencebetweenmiddle-agedandolderpersonsD．howDrJarvikstudiedmentalfunctioningofthetwins小題2:Theword“psychiatry”inparagraph1mostprobablymeans_______.A．thestudyofdiseasesofthemindB．thestudyofphysicaldiseasesC．thestudyoftwins’growthD．thestudyofhumanbehavior小題3:Moreoftenthannot,whatwecallmentaldeclineisactuallyasignof_______.A．a(chǎn)worseningstateofhealthB．oldageC．nervoustensionD．a(chǎn)stateofunhappiness5、Everymorning,thenewspaperchiefeditor(主編)holdsameetingwiththereporters.Theydiscussthemainevents(事件)oftheday.Reportersarethensenttocovertheevents.Assoonasthereportersknowwhattowriteabout,theygetdowntowork.Theytelephonepeopleandfixatimeforaface-to-faceinterviewwiththem.Sometimestheydotelephoneinterviews.Checkinginformationisveryimportant.Theygotothenewspaper’sownlibrarytolookupanyinformationthattheyneed.Thisiscalled“doingone’shomework”.Atthesametime,thepictureeditordecideswhichphotographswillbeusedforthenextday’spaper.Allthepeoplewhoworkonanewspapermustbeabletoworkfast.Reportershavetostopworkingononestoryandstartworkingatonceontheimportantnewone.Theymustfindoutthenewinformationasquicklyaspossible.Laterintheday,everythingisputtogetheratthenewsdesk.Reportersreturn,typetheirstoriesintothecomputerandhandthemtotheeditor.Thechiefeditordecideswhichwillbethemostimportantstoryonthefrontpage.Sometimesthiswillhavetobechangedifsomethingmoreimportanthappenslateintheday.Othereditorsreadthestorieswhichthereportershavewrittenandmakeanynecessarychanges.Finally,thereisnomoretimeleftforaddingnewstories,andthetimeforprinting(印刷)thenewspaperhascome.Thisisdoneonfast-movingprintingmachines.Thenewspapersarethendelivered(發(fā)送)bytruck,planeorrail.Speedisimportant.Peoplewanttobuythelatestnewspaper;nobodywantstobuyyesterday’s.小題1:Whatistheworkinanewspaperofficelike?A．InterestingandconfusingB．Importantandpatient.C．Particularandnecessary.D．Fastandbusy.小題2:Accordingtothepassage,therightorderforareporter’sworkis____________.a.writingstoriesb.doinginterviewsc.joininginadiscussiond.doinghomeworke.handingstoriestotheeditorA．cbadeB．cdeabC．cbdaeD．cadbe小題3:Thefrontpagecontents(內(nèi)容)aredecidedby___________.A．theimportanceoftheeventsB．howwellthestoriesarewrittenC．theknowledgeofthechiefeditorD．whethertheyarethelatest小題4:Wordeditors’workisto____________.A．helpthechiefeditorwiththemorningdiscussionB．decidewhenandhowthepaperscanbeprintedC．readthestoriesandmakenece