必修4unit1主謂一致

人教課標(biāo)高一必修4Unit1GrammarWomenofachievement語法詳解：所謂主謂一致是指主語和謂語動詞之間,即主語的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著謂語動詞對應(yīng)的形式。Theboy___diving.They____diving.BothJackandTim___diving.Allofthem____diving.NeitherJacknorTim___walking.isareareisareFinishthefollowingexercises:BobBob_____aworker.isMike

MikeandBob_____workers.areBothMikeandBob____workers.areNeitherMikenorBob___ateacher.isBillNeither

ofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.knows/knowAllofthem______workers.Noneofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.areknows/know主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：語法一致是指句子的主語和謂語在語法形式上一致，即謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式依主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而定。主語為單數(shù)時謂語動詞用單數(shù)，主語為復(fù)數(shù)時謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。語法一致原則1.and連接兩個或兩個以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語的時候,謂語動詞有以下兩種情況：(1)如果指兩個或兩個以上不同的人或事物的時候,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。HeandI____bothstudentsofthisschool.

我和他都是這個學(xué)校的學(xué)生。areThesingeranddancer____goingtogiveusaperformance.那個歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。Theknifeandfork____onthetable.刀叉在桌子上。

isis(2)但如果連接兩個以上的名詞指的是同一個人或物,或者指同一概念的時候,謂語要用單數(shù)。2.如果主語是不定式,動詞ing形式或主語從句的時候,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Whatheisdoingseemsveryimportant.他正在做的事情看起來很重要。Collectingstampsishishobby.收集郵票是他的愛好。3.定語從句的關(guān)系代詞who,which,that在從句中作主語時，要與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。Thosewhoenjoysingingmayjoinus.Tom,whoisyourfriend,shouldhelpyou.4.with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except,but,including如果句子中有這些連接詞和主語連用,謂語動詞的數(shù)隨主語的變化而變化。例如：

Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isplantingtreesinthestreet.老師和他的學(xué)生們正在街道上植樹。鄰近一致是指謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)與它最鄰近的名詞或代詞保持一致。

either...or;neither...nor;notonly...butalso,whether...or在句子中連接主語的時候或者在therebe句型中,謂語動詞要和就近的主語保持一致。就近原則Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher

wishesforaholiday.NeitheryounorIamwrong.Thereis

acupoftea

andsomeapplesonthetable.1．Oneortwodays____enoughtoseethecity．A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．a(chǎn)m D．be2．NeithermywifenorImyself____abletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind．A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．a(chǎn)m D．beExercises:3．NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother．A．is B．a(chǎn)reC．a(chǎn)m D．be4．Nottheteacher，butthestudents____lookingforwardtoseeingthefilm．A．is B．a(chǎn)reC．a(chǎn)m D．be5．NobodybutBettyandMary____lateforclassyesterday．A．was B．wereC．hasbeen D.havebeen6．Awomanwithsomechildren____soon．A．iscoming B.arecomingC．hascome D.havecome11.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks___tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered12.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory___yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecided

D.havenotdecided7．Nooneexceptmyparents____anythingaboutthis。A．know B．knowsC．isknown D．a(chǎn)reknown8．Theteacheraswellasthestudents____thebookalready．A．hasread B．havereadC．a(chǎn)rereading D．isreading9．Allbutone____intheaccident．A．waskilled

B．werekilledC．willbekilled D．a(chǎn)rekilled所謂概念一致原則是指謂語動詞和主語一致不是取決于主語的語法形式,而是其實際意義。有的主語名詞在形式上是單數(shù),但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的主語名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù),但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。概念一致原則1.不定代詞all,more,some,any,none作主語,謂語動詞視情況而定。Alloftheapples____rotten.所有的蘋果都爛了。Alloftheapple____rotten.整個蘋果都爛了。

不定代詞all,more,some,any,none作主語,謂語動詞視情況而定。

are

isNoneofthemoney_____left.沒有剩下一點錢。Noneofthestudents_____there.沒有學(xué)生在那里。

is

is2.therestof;halfof;partof;majorityof;percentof;onethirdof在句子中加名詞作主語的時候,謂語動詞與of后面的名詞保持一致。Halfofthestudents_____finishedtheircomposition.一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。Halfoftheapple____bad.一半的蘋果壞了。About60percentofthestudentsinourschool____boys.我們學(xué)校,大約百分之六十的學(xué)生是男生。haveisare3.集合名詞作主語,動詞可用單數(shù),也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語動詞用單數(shù)；指全體人員時,動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類常見的集合名詞有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。Hisfamily____goingout.Hisfamily____allmusiclovers.集合名詞作主語,動詞可用單數(shù),也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語動詞用單數(shù)；指全體人員時,動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類常見的集合名詞有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。is

are

4.某些名詞如people,police,cattle等,形式上是單數(shù),但意義上是復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。people指“民族”時是例外。Thepolicearesearchingforathief.Thecattleareeatinggrassonthehill.5.復(fù)合不定代詞作主語,謂語動詞要用單數(shù)，如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing。

Someoneisaskingforyou.有人找你。

Nothingisfoundintheroom.在屋子里什么也沒找到。6.某些名詞如clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses等,通常只用其復(fù)數(shù)形式,但當(dāng)它們被apairof修飾時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如:Thepairofshoesiswornout.這雙鞋破了。Theshoesarewornout.鞋子破了。某些名詞以s結(jié)尾如maths,politics,physics,news,plastics等,謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。

Physicsisaveryinterestingsubject.物理是一門很有趣的學(xué)科。8.every...andevery...;each...andeach...;no...andno...在以上短語中and連接的單數(shù)名詞,整個短語在句中作主語時,謂語動詞常使用單數(shù)。

Eachmanandeachwomanisaskedtoattend.Everyboyandeverygirlintheclassisdiligent.班級中的每個男孩女孩都很用功。Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.聽不到任何聲音。9.以anumberof作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);以thenumberof作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Anumberofnewbooksareonthedesk.Thenumberofstudentsinyouclassis50.10.有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣,作主語的時候,其謂語動詞由上下文決定,這一類名詞有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。Noteverymeansisuseful.不是每種方法都好使。Notallmeansareuseful.不是所有的方法都好使。11.manya,morethanone,oneandahalf與單數(shù)名詞組成的短語,謂語用單數(shù)。

Manyaboyhasseenit.許多孩子都看到了。12.書刊名、時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。

Thirtyyearsisnotalongtime.

RootsisafamousAmericannovel.1.thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(這種書),其謂語用單數(shù);短語thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindofmen(口語)(這一類人),但thiskindofmen的謂語用單數(shù),menofthiskind和thesekindofmen的謂語用復(fù)數(shù),allkindsof后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：應(yīng)該注意的幾個問題:Thiskindofmenisdangerous.Menofthiskindaredangerous.2.在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。例如:Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.3.“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,aheapof,heapsof,halfof+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時,其謂語動詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致,這是因為短語中后面的名詞是中心詞,而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語。例如:Lotsofdamagewascausedbyfire.Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Three-fifthsoftheworkersherearewomen.和這種情況類似的還有“anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。但是,“thenumberof+名詞”的中心詞卻是number。試比較：Anumberofstudentshavegonetothecountrysidetohelpwiththeautumnharvest.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookistwohundred.注意:a(large)quantityof修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Alargequantityofpeopleisneededhere.quantitiesof修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.短語inquantity,inlargequantities意為“大量”;insmallquantities意為“少量”。4.agreatdealof,alargeamountof,修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數(shù);largeamountsof修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Alargeamountof(Agreatdealof)damagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.5.表示數(shù)量的oneandahalf后,名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但是其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.6.如果主語由“the+形容詞(或過去分詞)”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時,謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù);這類詞有:thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,thedeafanddub,theoppressed,theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed等;但也有少數(shù)的過去分詞與定冠詞連用時指個別,則用單數(shù)。例如：Theblindstudyinspecialschool.Thedeparted(死者)wasawell-knownengineer.這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個體時,就要與名詞man,person或表示人的單數(shù)連用。例如:anoldman,arichperson,the(a)woundedsoldier.1.Onethirdofthecountry_____coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens_____blackpeople.(湖南2011)A.is;are