人體正常結(jié)構(gòu)-消化系統(tǒng)

Splanchnology內(nèi)臟學(xué)夏青人體解剖學(xué)教研室天津醫(yī)學(xué)高等專科學(xué)校Composition:Digestivesystem消化系統(tǒng)Respiratorysystem呼吸系統(tǒng)Urinarysystem泌尿系統(tǒng)Reproductivesystem生殖系統(tǒng)DigestiveSystem

消化系統(tǒng)Composition消化系統(tǒng)組成Digestivetract消化管

Mouth口腔

Pharynx咽

Esophagus食管

Stomach胃

Smallintestine小腸

Largeintestine大腸

Duodenum十二指腸Jejunum空腸Ileum回腸Digestivegland消化腺：大消化腺，小消化腺Superiordigestivetube

上消化道Inferiordigestivetube

下消化道Majorsalivaryglands大唾液腺Liver肝Pancreas胰

Function:ingestion,digestion,absorption,egesting

Mouth

Pharynx

Esophagus

StomachDuodenumJejunumIleumLargeintestine

Liver

PancreasMajorsalivaryglandsReferencelinesofthorax胸部標(biāo)志線Anteriormedianline前正中線Midclavicularline鎖骨中線Midaxillaryline腋中線Scapularline肩胛線Posteriormedianline后正中線腋中線肩胛線后正中線Theabdominalregions腹部分區(qū)

Nineregions九區(qū)法Fourquadrants

四區(qū)法

Fourquadrants

四區(qū)法TheEsophagus食管

Generalfeatures位置及形態(tài)

amusculartuberabout25cmlong,connectingthepharynxatlevelofC6vertebra,atlevelofT11vertebraentersthestomach.Division:Cervicalpart頸部Thoracicpart胸部Abdominalpart腹部Threeconstrictions食管3個(gè)狹窄第一狹窄：起始部Atitsbeginning,15cmfromincisors,liesatlevelofC6,isthenarrowestpartoftheesophagus第二狹窄：

與左主支氣管交叉處Whereitiscrossedbyleftmainbronchus,25cmfromincisors,liesatlevelofintervertebraldiscbetweenT4andT5.第三狹窄：穿膈處

Whereitpassesthroughtheesophagealhiatusofdiaphragm,40cmfromincisors,atlevelofT10TheStomach胃

Shape形態(tài)、分部

Twosurface兩壁:

anterior前壁andposterior后壁.Twocurvatures兩緣Lessercurvature胃小彎

:short,concaveanddirectedtotherightandupward,Greatercurvature

胃大彎:long,convexanddirectedtotheleftanddownward.Twoopenings兩口Cardia

賁門Pylorus幽門Fourparts四部Cardiacpart賁門部Fundusofstomach胃底Bodyofstomach胃體Pyloricpart幽門部Pyloricantrum

幽門竇

Pyloriccanal幽門管Cardiacpart賁門部Fundusofstomach胃底

Bodyofstomach胃體Pyloricantrum

幽門竇Pyloriccanal幽門管Pyloricpart幽門部Position胃的位置－Mainlypartsissituatedinthelefthypochondriacregion左季肋區(qū),smallintheepigastricregion腹上區(qū);TheSmallIntestine小腸About5-7mlong,DividedintoDuodenum十二指腸

Jejunum空腸Ileum回腸DuodenumJejunumIleum

Duodenum十二指腸Fourparts

Superiorpart上部Duodenalcap十二指腸球Superiorduodednalflexure十二指腸上曲Descendingpart降部Majorduodenalpapilla

十二指腸大乳頭Minorduodenalpapilla十二指腸小乳頭Inferiorduodenalflexure十二指腸下曲Horizontalpart

水平部Ascendingpart

升部duodenojejunalflexure十二指腸空腸曲十二指腸懸韌帶

(ligamentofTreitz),asurgicallandmark,descendsfromtherightcrusofdiaphragmtoduodenaltermination.Jejunum空腸

andileum回腸

Jejunumandileum空腸，回腸區(qū)別Characteristic特點(diǎn)Jejunum空腸Ileum回腸Position位置Upper2/5Lower3/5Diameter管徑GreaterLessWall管壁ThickerThinCircularfolds環(huán)狀襞Larger,numerousFewer，smallerVascularity血管分部GreaterLess

Colour顏色DeeperredPalerpink

Lymphaticfollicles淋巴濾泡SolitaryAggregatedLargeIntestine大腸

Approximately1.5mlong,Fiveparts:Cecum

盲腸Vermiformappendix闌尾Colon結(jié)腸Rectum直腸

Canal肛管LargeIntestine大腸FeaturesColicbands結(jié)腸帶Haustraofcolon結(jié)腸袋Epiploicappendices

腸脂垂Cecum

盲腸Blindsac,firstpartoflargeintestine,withlargestdiameterandthinnestwallLiesinrightiliacfossaTheiliumentersthececumobliquely,andpartiallyinvaginatesintoit,formingtheileocecalvalve－consistsoftwofolds,probablydelaysflowofilealcontentsintolargeintestineVermiformappendix闌尾位于右髂窩，長(zhǎng)約6-8cm。闌尾根部體表投影（MacBurney麥?zhǔn)宵c(diǎn))右髂前上棘與臍連線的中、外1/3交點(diǎn)處。Surfacemarkingofthebaseisattheso-calledMcBurney’spointwhichisatjunctionoflateralandmiddlethirdsoflinejoiningrightanteriorsuperioriliacspineandumbilicusColon

結(jié)腸Ascendingcolon

升結(jié)腸rightcolicflexure

結(jié)腸右曲Transversecolon橫結(jié)腸leftcolicflexure

Descendingcolon降結(jié)腸descendsalmostverticallyfromleftcolicflexuretosigmoidcolonatleftiliaccrest.Sigmoidcolon乙狀結(jié)腸－extendsfromdescendingcolontorectumatlevelofS3.Rectum直腸Position:withinpelviccavity,extendsfromS3topelvicdiaphragm.Curves兩個(gè)彎曲：SagittalplaneSacralflexure直腸骶曲

convexbackward

Perinealflexure直腸會(huì)陰曲

convexforward.骶曲會(huì)陰曲肝Liver

概述Introduction肝的功能:合成分泌膽汁；參與物質(zhì)代謝,蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪和糖；代謝解毒，藥物、激素轉(zhuǎn)化分解；吞噬及免疫防御；

一、肝的形態(tài)肝呈不規(guī)則的楔形，分膈面、臟面和上下緣。（一）膈面DiaphragmaticSurfaceRightLobeofLiver肝右葉LeftLobeofLiver肝左葉鐮狀韌帶肝圓韌帶

肝圓韌帶裂

左側(cè)縱溝靜脈韌帶裂“H”溝

橫溝：肝門、肝蒂

膽囊窩

右側(cè)縱溝

腔靜脈溝分葉:左葉、右葉、方葉、尾狀葉肝的位置和毗鄰（二）臟面VisceralSurface右葉肝門肝固有動(dòng)脈肝左、右管肝門靜脈肝圓韌帶裂靜脈韌帶膽囊下腔靜脈左葉方葉尾狀葉下緣三、肝的體表投影肝的上界與膈的穹窿一致，肝最高點(diǎn)。在右側(cè)相當(dāng)于右鎖骨中線與第五肋的交點(diǎn)處。在左側(cè)相當(dāng)于左鎖骨中線與第五肋間隙的交點(diǎn)處，肝的下界，右側(cè)大致與右肋弓一致，在腹上區(qū)可達(dá)劍突下３－５ｃｍ。

膽囊

gallbladder形態(tài)

位置分部底、體、頸、管膽囊底體表投影膽囊三角(Calot三角)

輸膽管道

BileDuct包括肝左管、肝右管、肝總管、膽囊Gallbladder與膽總管。肝左管肝右管CommonHepaticDuct肝總管Gallbladder膽囊Cysticduct膽囊管CommonBileDuct膽總管FundusofGallbladder膽囊底BodyofGallbladder膽囊體NeckofGallbladder膽囊頸HepatopancreaticAmpulla肝胰壺腹膽汁排泄途徑平時(shí)

肝肝左管、肝右管肝總管膽囊管膽囊進(jìn)食

膽囊膽囊管膽總管肝胰壺腹肝肝左管、肝右管肝總管十二指腸大乳頭十二指腸小結(jié)肝的形態(tài)肝的位置肝的體表投影肝外管道第八節(jié)胰Pancreas2.胰分胰頭、胰體、胰尾BodyofPancreas胰頭Bodyofpancreas胰體Tail