一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別

U4Language1.S+have/has+Vpp現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：IhavebeentoAmerica.IhavevisitedHarvardUniversity.Ihavestayedtherefor4weeks.1.haveyou________beentoBeijing?No_____.2.Ihave______finishedmywork.3.Ihavefinishedmywork_______.4.Haveyoufinishedyourwork______?5.ShehastaughtEnglish_____10years.6.Hehasworkedinthefactory______1yearago.2.關(guān)鍵詞：just,yet;since,for;ever,never;already,beforeandsofar.everneverjustalreadyyetforsince肯定式主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞(pp.)否定式主語(yǔ)+have/hasnot+過(guò)去分詞(pp.)疑問(wèn)式Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞(pp.)FormofthePresentPerfectTense

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)A.Thepresentperfecttenseandthesimplepasttense1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造的影響或結(jié)果。常與下列狀語(yǔ)連用：already,yet,just,recently,before,ever,never或與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)fortwoyears,since1989。用法2.表示到現(xiàn)在為止這一時(shí)期中多次動(dòng)作的總和或所做過(guò)的工作的量的積累。IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.3.have/hasgoneto與have/hasbeento的區(qū)別have/hasgoneto表示“已去（某地）”人已離開(kāi)，不在說(shuō)話現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。have/hasbeento

表示“去過(guò)（某地）”人已回來(lái)have/hasbeenin表示已去，并且還在那里。Heisn’therenow.He______________theUSA.He______________theUSAtwice.He______________theUSAfortwoyears.hasgonetohasbeentohasbeenin現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，瞬間動(dòng)詞不能與持續(xù)性時(shí)間搭配使用，如howlong,for+一段時(shí)間；如要表示該意思，要換成意義相近的持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：1.go-beaway 2.eback-beback 4.leave-beaway5.lose-belost 6.getup-beup 7.die-bedead 8.begin-beon9.finish-beover 10.open-beopen11.close-beclosed 12.become-be13.turnon-beon 14.buy-have15.borrow-keep 16.gettoknow-know17.sitdown-sit/beseated18.join-bein(…)或bea…memberExercisesforthepresentperfecttense:1.IsTomdoinghishomework?No,he___________hishomeworkalready.(finish)2.DoyouknowMissKing?No,butI______________herbefore.(hearof)3.Whataboutthefilm?Sorry,Idon’tknow.I___________ityet.(see)4.________youever_______totheGreatWall?No,never.(go)5.Howdoeshegetonwithhisclassmate?Oh,he___________alotthesedays.(change)6.Helpyourself,please.No,thanks.I’mfull.I_____just_____threeeggs.(eat)hasfinishedhaveheardofhaven’tseenHavebeenhaschangedhaveeaten概念:一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)詞或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。e.g.Hecamehereyesterday.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作（或狀態(tài)）對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響和結(jié)果e.g.Hehasbrokenhisbottle.

一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：1）構(gòu)成不同TomwenttoLondonlastyear.LilyhasbeentoLondontwice.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)用“助動(dòng)詞have/has+過(guò)去分詞”一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：2）用法不同

Ihadsupperanhourago．我一小時(shí)前吃的晚飯。（表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作）Ihavejusthadsupper．我剛剛吃過(guò)晚飯。（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響———我不餓）Hewasateacherthen．他那時(shí)是個(gè)教師。（表示過(guò)去的狀態(tài)）Hehasbeenateachersincethen．他從那時(shí)起一直當(dāng)教師。（她現(xiàn)在還是教師）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，主要說(shuō)明的是現(xiàn)在的情況和狀態(tài)；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間，與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系.nowpastthesimplepasttensethepresentperfecttensee.g.1.Wehaven’tseenhimsincelastyear.

我們自從去年以來(lái)一直未見(jiàn)到他。（現(xiàn)在還未見(jiàn)到）2.Wedidn’tseehimlastyear.

我們?nèi)ツ隂](méi)見(jiàn)到他。（現(xiàn)在不一定未見(jiàn)到）3.Whohasopenedthedoor?

誰(shuí)把門開(kāi)了？（現(xiàn)在門還開(kāi)著）4.Whoopenedthedoor?

誰(shuí)開(kāi)的門？(指過(guò)去，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。現(xiàn)在門是關(guān)著還是開(kāi)著，沒(méi)有說(shuō)明。)5.—Haveyouhadyourlunch?

你吃過(guò)午飯沒(méi)有？（意即你現(xiàn)在不餓嗎？）

—Yes,Ihave.吃了。（意即我現(xiàn)在飽了，不要再吃了。）

—Whendidyouhaveit?你什么時(shí)候吃的？（說(shuō)話人感興趣的是“吃”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在時(shí)。）

一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：3）所用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同ThechildrenwenttothezoolastSunday．上星期天，孩子們?nèi)チ藙?dòng)物園。Ihaven’treadthebookbefore．我以前沒(méi)看過(guò)這本書(shū)。Theylivedherein1980．他們一九八○年住在這里。一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：

yesterday,once,lastweek,...ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow等具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：

for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till,uptonow,always等不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Tips:區(qū)分現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的方法1.如果有過(guò)去的具體時(shí)間，只能用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

eg:HewenttotheUSAin2003.Imethimyesterday.2.如果有already,never,ever,for3hours等短語(yǔ)常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

eg:Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.3.在用when提問(wèn)的句子中，一般都使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。______you______(see)thebookshoponGuangmingStreet?No,I_______.Well,it______(open)thedaybeforeyesterday.I______(go)thereyesterdayandit_____(be)reallygood.I______(buy)somebooksabouttravel.I______(go)toNewZealandduringthesummerholiday,andI______(want)toknowaboutthecountry.Haveseenhaven’topenedwentwasboughtwentwantedExerciseonpage55Wow,I______________(nottravel)forages,actually.I______(useto)travelalotwhenI_______(be)younger.Where_____you______(go)?I________(go)toThailandseveraltimes,andsomeothercountrieslikeFrance,Italy,etc.I_________(be)toThailandtwice.NowI_____really_______(look)forwardtogoingtoNewZealand.haven’ttravelledusedtowasdidgowenthavebeenamlookingMoreExercise1.Ihavewatchedthegame.When____you____it? A.havewatched B.dowatch C.didwatch D.willwatch2.Mr.Green____inChinasincefiveyearsago. A.lived B.haslived C.lives D.isgoingtolive3.Hisgrandma______fortwoyears. A.died B.hasbeendead C.wasdead D.hasdied4.Howlonghaveyou____thisbook?