新編英語教程5-unit1-教學課件

HittheNailontheHeadAlanWarnerI.Pre-readingQuestionsHaveyoueverhitanailintoabox?What’sthecorrectwayofdoingit?Canyouseetheconnectionbetweentheproverbandourwriting?SuggestedAnswers

ForcethenailtotherightplaceItmeansexactlyrightinwordsoractionE.g.:(1).Yourcriticismreallyhitthenailonthehead.你的批評確是一針見血。

(2).Insosaying,youhittherightnailonthehead.你這樣說確是擊中要害。

TheauthoradvisesthattheEnglishstudentsshouldtrytogetthewords,phrasesandsentencescompletelyrightfortheirpurposesintheirwriting.II.LibraryWork1.GustaveFlaubert(1821–1880),Frenchnovelist,wasassociatedwiththemovementofnaturalismandknownasoneofthegreatestrealistsof19th-centuryFrance.Hedevotedhislifetolonghoursspentinheavytoiloverhiswork.Hiswritingismarkedbyexactnessandaccuracyofobservation,extremeimpersonalityandobjectivityoftreatment,andprecisionandexpressivenessinstyle,ortheprincipleofthemotjuste.2.Mrs.MalapropisafamouscharacterinSheridan’scomedyTheRivals(1775).Sheisnotedforherblundersintheuseofwords.Shehasgivenusthewordmalapropism（asanameforsuchmistakes.用詞錯誤，尤指誤用發(fā)音相似而意義全非的詞）

i.e.,theunintentionalmisuseofawordbyconfusingitwithonethatresemblesit,suchashumanforhumane,singularityforsingleness.3.Hindi（印地語）isaliteraryandofficiallanguageofnorthernIndia.Swahili（斯瓦希里語）isaBantu（班圖)languagethatisatradeandgovernmentallanguageovermuchofEastAfricaandintheCongoregion.BantusarepeoplebelongingtoagroupoftribesfoundinequatorialandsouthernAfrica.III.OrganizationoftheText

1.Ananalogybetweentheunskilleduseofthehammerandtheimproperchoiceofwords(Paragraph1)2.Thesignificanceoffindingtherightwords(Paragraphs2---3)3.Semanticdifferencesbetweenwordshavingthesameroot(Paragraphs4---7)(1).Example1(humanvs.humane)(Paragraph4)(2).Example2(anxietyvs.eagerness)(Paragraph5)(3).Example3(singularityvs.singleness)(Paragraphs6–7)4.Wrongchoiceofwordscausedbyfailuretorecognizetheirconnotations(Paragraph8)Examples:imprison,contain,sumup,epitomizeanddistill5.Stylisticdifferencesbetweensynonyms(Paragraph9)6.TheabundanceofspecificwordsinEnglishforgeneralnotions(Paragraph10)7.Conclusion(Paragraph11):theimportanceofagoodcontrolandcommandoverknownwords(Agoodwriterisnotmeasuredbytheextentofhisvocabulary,butbyhisskillinfindingthewordthatwillhitthenailcleanlyonthehead.)IV.KeyPointsoftheText1.drivesomethinghome:force(thenail)intotherightplace;makesomethingunmistakablyclear把（釘子等）打入；使明確無誤E.g.(1).Heslammedthedooranddrovethebolthome.他砰地關(guān)上門，把門閂插好。(2).driveone’spointhome講清楚自己的觀點(4).為了闡明他的政策，總統(tǒng)又寫了第二封信。Todrivehomehispolicy,thepresidentwrotehissecondletter.(5).你必須使約翰明白我們錢確實不夠。

YoumustdriveithometoJohnthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.2.deft:skillful&quick熟練的,靈巧的E.G.,(1)Sheisdeftatdealingwithreporters.

她善於與記者周旋.(2)Thedeftfingersmassagedhisscalp.3.ambiguous:beconfusingbecauseitindicatesthepresenceoftwoormorepossiblemeanings.Eg.,(1)Frustratedbyambiguousinstructions,theparentswereneverabletoassemblethenewtoy.(2)Thewordingoftheclauseisambiguousandneedsclarification

該條款的措詞模棱兩可，需要澄清4.vague:unclearinmeaningbecauseit’sexpressedinindefiniteformorbecauseitreflectsimprecisionofthoughts.E.g.,(1)‘What’shappened?’ ‘Oh,alotofthings.’Shesaidvaguely.(2)Myplansareveryvague.

我的計劃非常含糊。Paraphrase1Awordthatismoreorless…atcleanEnglish.(para.1)AwriterwhoisparticularabouttheexactnessofanexpressioninEnglishwillneverfeelhappywithawordwhichfailstoexpressanideaaccurately.5.ScrupulousTakegreatcaretodowhatisfair,honest,ormorallyright.E.g.,Thepaperwasnotentirelyscrupulousinsettingoutitsassumptions.There’salotofpressureonmanufacturerstobehavescrupulously.2)

thorough,exactandpayscarefulattentiontodetailE.G.,Thenursetreatedhimwiththemostscrupulouscare.

那位護士悉心盡力地照料他。unscrupulous:

不擇手段的,肆無忌憚的,theoppositeofscrupulous,seemstobemoreoftenusedtodescribepeoplewhodonotcareabouthonestyandfairnessingettingwhattheywant,orwhoarecompletelywithoutprinciples.Paraphrase2Choosingwordsispartof…whohearorreadourwords.(para.2)Toacertainextent,theprocessoffindingtherightwordstouseisaprocessofperfectionwhereyoutrytosearchforwordsthatmaymostaccuratelyexpressyourthoughtsandfeelings,andwordsthatmaymosteffectivelymakeyourlistenersandreadersunderstandyourthoughtsandfeelings.Paragraph2Question2:Doyouagreewiththeauthorthatthereisagreatdealoftruthintheseeminglystupidquestion“HowcanIknowwhatIthinktillIseewhatIsay”?

Whyorwhynot?conceptvs.conception:concept:

anideaofacategoryorkind…generalizedfromparticularinstances.Thus,“cat”arisesformthemanycatswesee.ItalsoreferstoawidelyheldideaofwhatsomethingisorshouldbeConception:theideaofwhatathingisorshouldbeisheldbyanindividualorsmallgroupandisoftencoloredbyimaginationandfeeling:Achild’sconceptionoftheuniverseisformedbyhislimitedexperienceandhisownfancies.paraphrase3Itishardwork…thatfindingthembrings.(para.3)Findingthemostsuitablewordisinnosenseeasy.Butthereisnothinglikethedelightweshallexperiencewhensuchawordislocated.Paragraph4humanvs.humane:human:relatingtoorcharacteristicofhumankindorpeopleE.g.:humanaction:actiontakenbyman

人的行為

Toerrishuman;toforgive,divine.犯錯人皆難免；寬恕則屬超凡。humankiller:apersonoramachinethatkillshumans殺人兇手；殺人機器humane:havingorshowingcompassionorbenevolence;characterizedbykindness,mercy,sympathyE.g.:humaneaction:mercifulaction人道的行為humanekiller:thatwhichkillsbutcauseslittlepain;instrumentforpainlessslaughterofanimals牲口無痛屠宰機，牲口麻醉屠宰機Paragraph65.rife:widespread,common（流行的，普遍的）.anadj.…sthnegative.E.g.:(1).Crimeandviolencewererife

inthiscitybeforeliberation.(2).Superstitionisrifeamongthesavagetribes.

迷信盛行于蠻族之間。singularityvs.singleness:singularity:strangeness,oddity,peculiarity奇特,特性,非凡E.g.:singularityofmind思想奇特；標新立異singleness:completedevotionto;holdingsteadfastlytoE.g.:singlenessofmind思想專一,專心致志Paragraph7holdto:

(causeto)followexactly,keepto(sthsuchasapromise);adhereto堅持，遵守，忠于

E.g.:(1).Whateveryourargument,Ishallholdtomydecision.

(2).Thepriestheldtohisbeliefsinspiteofcrueltreatment.(3).Heholdstoasimplelife.drawaside:(causeto)movetoonesideE.g.:(1).Drawingthecurtainaside,helookeddownintothestreet.

(2).Thecrowddrewasidetolettheprisonerpass.6.coercion:

pressure,compulsion;governmentbyforce強迫，壓制；高壓統(tǒng)治E.g.:thecoercionofpublicopinion輿論的壓力coercionandbribery威脅利誘Hepaidthemoneyundercoercion.他被迫付錢。coercesbintodoingsomethingcoerceuniformity強求一致7.epitomize:

betypicalof;serveasthetypicalexampleof代表，象征，寫…的梗概，E.g.:(1).Hewasthemanwhoepitomizedblackresistancetothecolonialgovernment.他代表著黑人對殖民地政府的反抗。(2).Hernovelepitomizedboththegoodandtheevilinvictorian。epitomen.:①athingorpersonthatshowsaqualityorsetofqualities典型，象征；縮影②ashortaccountofabookorspeech梗概；縮寫，節(jié)錄E.g.:(1).Sheistheepitomeofarrogance.她是傲慢的典型。(2).Mycatistheepitomeoflaziness(=Mycatisverylazy.).Paragraph10march:walkwithfirmregularstepslikeasoldier齊步前進,行軍pace:walkwithslow,steadysteps,especiallybackwardsandforwards踱方步patrol:goatregulartimesround(anarea,building,etc.)toseethatthereisnotrouble,thatnooneistryingtogetinoroutillegally,etc.巡邏，巡查stride:walkwithlongstepsorcrosswithonelongstep大踏步地走，跨stalk:walkstiffly,proudly,orwithlongsteps高視闊步地走strut:walkproudlyorstiffly,especiallywiththechestpushedforwardandtryingtolookimportant趾高氣揚地走，大搖大擺地走tread:stepon踩,踐踏Paragraph10tramp:walk(throughorover)withfirmheavysteps用沉重的腳步行走stepout:(AmE)gooutsideorgosomewhere(美口)暫時走開prance:movequickly,happilyorproudlywithaspringingordancingstep歡躍地走prowl:(ofananimallookingforfood,orofathief)moveabout(anarea)quietly,tryingnottobeseenorheard潛行，暗中徘徊E.g.:beastsprowlingaftertheirprey四處覓食的野獸Paragraph10sidle:(up)walkasifreadytoturnandgotheotherway,especiallysecretivelyornervously（尤指鬼鬼祟祟地或膽怯地）悄悄地走E.g.:Hesidleduptothestrangerinthestreetandtriedtosellhimthestolenring.在街上，他鬼鬼祟祟地走到陌生人面前企圖向他兜售偷來的戒指。Paragraph10creep:moveslowlyandquietlywiththebodyclosetotheground匍匐前進，爬行；躡手躡腳地走E.g.:Thecatcreptsilentlytowardsthemouse.貓悄悄地向老鼠爬過去。

Thepolicemancreptuponthecriminalandseizedhimfrombehind.警察偷偷逼近罪犯，從后面將他一把抓住。Paragraph10plod:(especiallyalong,on)walkslowly,especiallywithdifficultyandgreateffort;trudge

沉重緩慢地走，步履艱難E.g.:Theoldmanplodsalong,hardlyabletolifteachfoot.那老人步履艱難地走著，雙腳幾乎都提不起來。Paragraph10trudge:walkwithheavysteps,slowlyandwitheffort(plod)步履艱難地走,跋涉E.g.:Hehadtotrudge(for)20milestogethome.他要跋涉20英里才回到家。shuffle:walkbydraggingone’sfeetslowlyalong曳足而行，拖著步子走stagger:walkormoveunsteadilyandwithgreatdifficulty,almostfalling蹣跚，搖晃，踉蹌E.g.:Hewasstaggeringalongasifdrunk.他搖搖晃晃地向前走，好像喝醉了酒一樣。toddle:walkwithshortunsteadysteps,asasmallchilddoes