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山西省忻州市原平大林鄉(xiāng)聯(lián)合校高一英語期末試卷含解析一、選擇題1.Iffarminggoes________nature,allkindsofdisastersaretheresults.
A.against
B.for
C.with
D.to參考答案:A略2.Plantsneedwaterandsunlighttogrowwell._____,ahealthybodyrequiresabalanceddiet.
A.Formally
B.Generally
C.Similarly
D.Scientifically參考答案:C3.Justinkickedtheballintohisowngoal.Itwas______hisstupidity_______wewonthegame.A.thanksto;that
B.thanksfor;that
C.thanksto;which
D.thanksfor;which參考答案:A4.Ihaven’treadanyofthesebooksbefore,but_____fromtheoneIhavejustread,Ithinkheisaverypromisingwriter.A.judged
B.judgingC.determined
D.determining參考答案:B5.Hearingthenewsshe______.A.burstintolaughing
B.burstouttearsC.burstintolaughter
D.burstcrying參考答案:C6.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_____.A.willrain
B.rains
C.rained
D.israining參考答案:B7.語音知識(shí)(共5小題;每小題1分,滿分5分)從每小題的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,找出所給單詞的正確讀音,并在答題卡上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。1.generate A.global B.equator C.ash D.forecast2.blood A.flood B.toothache C.cartoon D.neighbourhood3.income A.welcome B.coffin C.tropical D.govern4.thunderstorm A.feather B.strength C.breathe D.leather5.citizen A.crowded B.cliff C.carbon D.cemetery參考答案:8.
Itisapitythatnoneofthe______stopped______thepoormanlyingthere,begging.
A.passer-bys;tohelp
B.passers-by;helping
C.passer-bys;helping
D.passers-by;tohelp參考答案:D9.John'scarelessdrivingnearly______himhislife.A.cost
B.caused
C.took
D.lost參考答案:A10.Theroad
anditwillbefinishedbytheendofnextyear.A.isbuilt
B.isbeingbuilt
C.hasbeenbuilt
D.wasbuilt參考答案:B11.______withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.
A.Compare
B.Whencomparing
C.Comparing
D.Whencompared參考答案:D12.IhavepromisedtoattendyourpartyandI'll_____myword.A.keep
B.hold
C.follow
D.take參考答案:A略13.Areyou________ofthemistakesyoumadeinyourfinalEnglishtest?A.awared
B.unforgettable
C.awaring
D.aware參考答案:D14.TheexcitingdayalltheAmericanbasketballfanslookedforwardto____atlast.A.coming B.came
C.come D.becoming參考答案:B15.Howlongdoyouthink______theMicrosoftbringsoutanewproduct?A.itwillbebefore
B.willitbeuntil C.willitbewhen
D.itwillbethat參考答案:A16.—Thereisstillacopyofthebookinthelibrary.Willyougoandborrow________?
—No,I'dratherbuy________inthebookstore.A.it;oneB.one;oneC.one;itD.it;it參考答案:a略17.Whenaskedwhattheywouldvolunteertodo,halfof
saidtheywerewillingtodosomethingtheycould.A.what B.which C.whom D.them參考答案:D18.LittleTomdidn’tget___hiscompositiontestbecausehewasnotabletoget___totheteacherwhathemeant.
A.through,across
B.over,across
C.across,through
D.through,over參考答案:A考察介詞,getthrough通過;到達(dá);做完;(電話)接通;getover克服;getacross(使)被理解。二、填空19.填空每空一詞(共5小題,每小題1分,滿分5分)76.我爺爺雖然八十多歲了,但仍然精力充沛。Althoughmygrandfatherisovereighty,heisstill_____________.77.Therearemany____________oftransportationforyoutochoosefrom,suchasplanes,trains.78.Ifyouwanttogetajob,youmayhavetogoforajob________________first.79.Thirty______________bysixisfive.80.Studentsshouldshow_______________forteachers.參考答案:76.energetic
77.means
78.interview
79.divided
80.respect111.We______________________(迫不及待)toseethem!(用hardly)112.We_______________________andthenweeat.(搭建帳篷)113.WangWeisoon___________________(讓他們對(duì)…感興趣)cyclingtoo.114._________________________(大學(xué)畢業(yè)以后),wefinallygotthechancetotakeabiketrip.115.Sheinsistedthat________________(她組織這次旅行)properly.參考答案:111.canhardlywait112.putupourtents113.gottheminterestedin114.Aftergraduatingfromcollege
115.she(should)organizethetrip【學(xué)法指導(dǎo)】insist+that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句1)如果insist翻譯為“堅(jiān)持說某個(gè)事實(shí)”,即that從句表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí),則賓語從句使用陳述語氣,即從句該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)態(tài),當(dāng)然還要和主句時(shí)態(tài)保持呼應(yīng).如:Sheinsistedthatshewasright.Sheinsisted(that)shehadbeentoBeijingtheyearbefore.2)如果insist翻譯為“堅(jiān)持要求/堅(jiān)持主張”,即that從句的動(dòng)作當(dāng)時(shí)尚未發(fā)生的話,則賓語從句必須使用虛擬語氣,即從句謂語動(dòng)詞由“should+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成,且should可以省略.如:Heinsistedthatshe(should)saysorrytohimfirst.三、閱讀理解21.Friendshipscanbedifficult—becauseoftenpeoplearen'tashonestandopenastheyshouldbe.Sometimes,peoplefinallygethurt.Mostproblemswithfriendshipscomeupbecausepeoplearejusttooselfishtocareaboutthethingsthattheirfriendsneed.Theycareabouttheirownneedsmuchmore,whichmakesithardforfriendshipstowork.However,beingselfishispartofhumannature.Apersonisputtogetherinordertotakecareofthemselvesandtheirownneeds,notnecessarilythoseneedsofotherpeople.Eventhoughbeingselfishissomethingthatallhumansarebornwith,itissomethingthateveryoneshouldbeagainst.
Thebestthingtorememberwhenyouareafriendtoanyoneisthatyouneedtotreatyourfriendsthesamewaythatyou'dliketobetreated.Thisiswonderfuladviceforafriendship,becauseitisreallytheonlywaytomakesurethatyouaregivingyourfriendseverythingyouwouldwanttobegiveninafriendship.Wheneveryouhaveaquestionabouthowyoushouldtreatafriend,itiseasytofindananswersimplybyaskingyourselfwhatyouwouldlikeyourfriendtodoforyou,ifheorshewasinyourshoes.
Evenifyou'realwaysthinkingabouthowyou'dliketobetreated,andyourfriendsaretoo,thereareproblemsthatcomeupfromtimetotimeineachfriendship,anditisimportanttounderstandhowtodealwiththeseproblemssothatyoucanbuildstrongerandhealthierfriendships.Problemslikefriendsgettingboyfriendsorgirlfriendsandnotspendingenoughtimewiththeirfriends,orevenfriendsfindingnewfriendsandleavingoldfriendsbehindareproblemsthatwillprobablycomeupwithoneormoreofyourfriendships.Itisimportanttoknowhowtodealwiththesefriendproblemssothatyoucankeepyourfriendsandmakenewones.Noonewantstohaveabrokenfriendship.
25.Thispassagemainlytalksabout________.A.theimportanceoffriendshipB.theadvantagesoffriendshipC.theproblemsoffriendshipD.thedisadvantagesoffriendship26.Accordingtothewriter,problemswithfriendshipmayappearwhen________.A.oneishonest B.oneisselfish C.oneisopen D.oneiskind27.Accordingtothepassage,thefirstandmostimportantthingtobeotherpeople'sfriendis________.A.totreatyourfriendasyouliketobeB.togiveyourfriendswhateveryouhaveC.nottohurtyourfriends'feelingsD.nottothinkofyourownneedanymore28.What'sthepurposeofunderstandinghowtodealwithfriendshipproblems?A.Tohaveacomfortablelife.B.Tobuildstrongerandhealthierfriendships.C.Tobetreatedthewayyouwant.D.Togetaboyfriendorgirlfriendmorequickly.參考答案:25-28.CBAB22.AsArtificialIntelligence(AI)becomesincreasinglysophisticated(先進(jìn)的,尖端的),therearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscouldbecomeathreat(威脅).Thisdangercanbeavoided,accordingtocomputerscienceprofessorStuartRussell,ifwefigureouthowtoturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode.Russellarguesthatasrobotstakeonmorecomplicatedtasks,it'snecessarytotranslateourmorals(道德)intoAIlanguage.Forexample,ifarobotdoeschoresaroundthehouse,youwouldn'twantittoputthepetcatintheoventomakedinnerforthehungrychildren."Youwouldwantthatrobotpreloadedwithagoodsetofvalues,"saidRussell.Somerobotsarealreadyprogrammedwithbasichumanvalues.Forexample,mobilerobotshavebeenprogrammedtokeepacomfortabledistancefromhumans.Obviouslythereareculturaldifferences,butifyouweretalkingtoanotherpersonandtheycameupcloseinyourpersonalspace,youwouldn'tthinkthat'sthekindofthingaproperlybrought-uppersonwoulddo.Itwillbepossibletocreatemoresophisticatedmoralmachines,ifonlywecanfindawaytosetouthumanvaluesasclearrules.Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanbehavior.Theyaredangerousonlyifprogrammersarecareless.Thebiggestconcernwithrobotsgoingagainsthumanvaluesisthathumanbeingsfailtodosufficienttestingandthey'veproducedasystemthatwillbreaksomekindoftaboo(禁忌).Onesimplecheckwouldbetoprogramarobottocheckthecorrectcourseofactionwithahumanwhenfacedwithanunusualsituation.Iftherobotisunsurewhetherananimalissuitableforthemicrowave,ithastheopportunitytostop,sendoutbeeps(嘟嘟聲),andaskfordirectionsfromahuman.Ifwehumansaren'tquitesureaboutadecision,wegoandasksomebodyelse.Themostdifficultstepinprogrammingvalueswillbedecidingexactlywhatwebelieveismoral,andhowtocreateasetofethical(道德倫理的)rules.Butifwecomeupwithananswer,robotscouldbegoodforhumanity.8.Howdorobotslearnhumanvalues?A.Byinteractingwithhumansineverydaylifesituations.B.Bypickinguppatternsfrommassivedataonhumanbehavior.C.Byfollowingthedailyroutinesofcivilizedhumanbeings.D.Byimitatingthebehaviorofproperlybrought-uphumanbeings.9.Whatwillawell-programmedrobotdowhenfacinganunusualsituation?A.Keepadistancefrompossibledangers.B.Doenoughtestingbeforetakingaction.C.Startitsbuilt-inalarmsystematonce.D.Stoptogetadvicefromahumanbeing10.Whatisthemostdifficulttodowhenweturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode?A.Determinewhatismoralandethical.B.Designsomelarge-scaleexperiments.C.Setrulesforman-machineinteraction.D.Developamoresophisticatedprogram.參考答案:8.B
9.D
10.A【分析】本文屬于說明文。文章開篇提到人工智能(AI)未來潛在的危險(xiǎn)是可以通過編程避免的,由此展開對(duì)于如何避免人工智能(AI)的潛在危險(xiǎn)的論述。筆者借由專家的角度表示了人類在為人工智能輸入指令、甚至情感和價(jià)值觀的時(shí)候,需要慎重。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段中的“Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanbehavior”可知,機(jī)器人通過從人類行為的海量數(shù)
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