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中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)方案語(yǔ)法部分狀語(yǔ)從句復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句2.條件狀語(yǔ)從句3.比較狀語(yǔ)從句4.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句5.原因狀語(yǔ)從句6.目的狀語(yǔ)從句7.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句8.方式狀語(yǔ)從句9.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句
TheAdverbialClause狀語(yǔ)從句
狀語(yǔ)從句是副詞性從句,其句法功能是修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、其他動(dòng)詞、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或整個(gè)句子等,在句中作狀語(yǔ),通常由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。
狀語(yǔ)從句不僅是初中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn),而且也是每年中考必考的內(nèi)容之一。命題主要集中在引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞、狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)等方面;從九大狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)看,應(yīng)將復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)放在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句和比較狀語(yǔ)從句這四種上。一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有:while,when,as,assoonas,till,until,not…until,before,after,since,etc.當(dāng)主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或表示將來(lái)含義時(shí),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。
I’lltellyouthenewswhenIcomeback.ShewillcallmeassoonasshearrivesinShanghai.難點(diǎn)鏈接1、在when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,動(dòng)作可以是表示延續(xù)的,也可以是表示瞬間的;while引導(dǎo)的從句中,動(dòng)作一定是表示延續(xù)的
IwaswatchingTVwhenTomcamein.TomcameinwhileIwaswatchingTV.2、as“當(dāng)…….時(shí);一邊….一邊…..”,引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作與從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,when與while也有此用法。另外when和as常表示從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作,有時(shí)when還可以表示從句動(dòng)作在主句動(dòng)作之后。
Asshewasdancing,shewassinging.It’sgettingcolderandcolderasthewintercomes.3、before“在….以前”,表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之前;after“在……之后”,表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之后。
Shewassointerestedinthebookthatshehadreaditforthreehoursbeforesherealizedit.IwenttobedafterIfinishedhomework.4、until/till表示主句動(dòng)作結(jié)束的時(shí)間。在肯定句中表示“直到…..為止”,主句要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
Mymotherwaitedtill/untilIcameback.
在否定句中,until/till表示“直到…..才”,主句通常用瞬間動(dòng)詞。這時(shí)until可用before替換。常構(gòu)成:not…until結(jié)構(gòu),有時(shí)可用never,nothing代替not.Hedidn’tleaveuntil/beforeIcameback.5、since,eversince引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,表示主句動(dòng)作開(kāi)始的時(shí)間,譯為“自….以來(lái)”。主句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí),常用句型為:Ithasbeen…since從句;Itis+一段時(shí)間+since從句。(對(duì)since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn)要用howlong).
It’stenyearssinceIworkedinthehospital.Hehastaughtusmathssincehecamehere.
WherehaveyoubeensinceIsawyoulast?6、由bythetime引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句注意時(shí)態(tài)的變化:在一般情況下,如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí),主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí);如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。
Bythetimeyoucameback,Ihadfinishedthisbook.
Bythetimeyoucomeheretomorrow,Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.7、由eachtime,everytime和whenever引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
EachtimeshecametoHainan,shewouldcallonme.
Wheneveryougo,Iwillfollowyou!YougrowyoungereverytimeIseeyou.8、assoonas
表示主句發(fā)生的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之后,意為“一…就…”。如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形或祈使句時(shí),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:MybrotherwentoutassoonasIgothome.
I'llphoneyouassoonasIarriveinTonghua.
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中較難掌握的幾點(diǎn):①u(mài)ntil(till)直到,在用
until表達(dá)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子中,主句中的動(dòng)詞是要十分小心去選擇。如動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,它要用肯定句,如:
Istudiedharduntil12o'clocklastnight.如果動(dòng)詞是瞬間截止性動(dòng)詞,則要用否定句,如:
Hedidn'tgotobeduntilhismothercameback②由since,
for,
by,
before來(lái)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的開(kāi)始時(shí)間,如:
IhavestudiedEnglishsince1990.
而由
by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)通常是動(dòng)作的結(jié)束時(shí)間,如:
Ihadlearned25Englishsongsbytheendoflastterm.而before則多用于完成時(shí),
ago則多用于一般過(guò)去時(shí),如:
HehadfinishedhisworkbeforetwelveyesterdayIleftmyhometowntwoyearsago③在狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示將來(lái)。它們可能是主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),如:
Ifitrains,theywon’tgotothepark
onSunday也可以主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),如:
Hesaidifitrainedthenextdayhewouldnotgotothepark考試中常見(jiàn)的考點(diǎn)有:要學(xué)生區(qū)別是條件、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句還是賓語(yǔ)從句,因在賓語(yǔ)從句中該用什么時(shí)態(tài)用什么時(shí)態(tài),如:
Iwanttoknowifhewillcomeheretomorrow在賓語(yǔ)從句中的條件狀語(yǔ)從句與主句的關(guān)系,如:
Iwanttoknowifitrainshewillcomeheretomorrow
注意:在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,主句和從句之間的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)按下列規(guī)律確定。1)主句一般將來(lái)時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(特別是用assoonas引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)):Theboywillbeawriterwhenhegrowsup.I’llringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.2)主句含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):Whenthelightsarered,thetrafficmuststop.3)主句為祈使句時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):Pleasedon’tgotobedbeforeyoufinishyourhomework.4)主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句也用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài):IlikedreadingwhenIwasyoung.5)在帶有till或until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含義是“一直到……時(shí)”,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如果主句用否定式,其含義是“直到……才……”,“在……以前不……”,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用瞬間動(dòng)詞。例如:Theyoungmanreadtillthelightwentout.
Let’swaituntiltherainstops.Wewon’tstartuntilBobcomes.Don’tgetoffuntilthebusstops.二、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句一般由連接副詞where,wherever等引導(dǎo),已經(jīng)形成了固定的句型,如:句型1:Where從句,(there+)主句。
Wherebeesare,thereishoney.重點(diǎn)提示:此句型通常譯成“哪里…哪里就…”;主句在從句后面時(shí),there可用可不用;如果主句在從句的前面時(shí),一般都不用there.句型2:Anywhere/Wherever從句,主句。
Wherevertheseais,youwillfindseamen.Whereverhegoes,I’llgo.重點(diǎn)提示:
anywhere本身是個(gè)副詞,但是,??梢砸龑?dǎo)從句,相當(dāng)于連詞,意思相似于wherever。anywhere引導(dǎo)的從句可位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是個(gè)連詞,表示“在何處、無(wú)論何處”。
三、原因狀語(yǔ)從句由because,as,since,for等詞引導(dǎo)1)because表示的往往是讀者不了解的、不明顯的原因,是全句敘述的重點(diǎn),語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng),只能用because回答由疑問(wèn)詞why引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句。該從句一般位于主句后;
Hewasabsentfromthemeetingthatdaybecausehehadabadcold.
Becausehewasill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.重點(diǎn)提示:
because不能與并列連詞so同時(shí)在句中使用。
Shewaslateforschoolbecauseshemissedthebus.=Shemissedthebus,soshewaslateforschool.2)Since是指分析后的原因,讀者多少了解,不是全部敘述的重點(diǎn),語(yǔ)氣較弱。since比as正式,兩者不回答why引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)句,而且其從句一般放在句首。
Sinceyouhavereadthestory,Iwon’ttellyouagain.
Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.3)As表示讀者了解的明顯原因,不是全句敘述的重點(diǎn),較口語(yǔ)化,語(yǔ)氣較弱。
AsIwasinahurry,Ileftmybookathome.
AsIknewhewasill,Ididn’tcallhim.4)有because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末,且前面有逗號(hào),則可用for來(lái)代替。但如果不是說(shuō)明直接原因,而是對(duì)多種情況加以推斷,就只能用for。
Heisabsenttoday,because/forheisill.Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.重點(diǎn)提示:(1)because表示直接原因,語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)。because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句多放在主句之后?;卮鹩蓋hy提出的問(wèn)題,只能用because。由as和since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從居多放在句首。例如:(2)for是并列連詞,引導(dǎo)的句子不置于句首,是一種非直接的、隨便附加說(shuō)明的理由或推斷。Theoilmustbeout,for
thelightwentout.(3)because和becouseof也有明顯的區(qū)別。because后面要跟從句,而becauseof后面要跟名詞短語(yǔ)。Heislateforschoolbecauseitrainsheavily.Heislateforschoolbecauseoftheheavyrain.
四、
目的狀語(yǔ)從句用以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的目的的從句叫做目的狀語(yǔ)從句。表示目的狀語(yǔ)的從句可以由that,sothat,so,inorderthat,incase等詞引導(dǎo)。目的狀語(yǔ)從句常含有can,could,may,mightshould等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。Sayitlouder(so)thateveryonecanhearyou.Heleftearlysothathecouldcatchthetrain.(1)目的狀語(yǔ)從句通常由
sothat,inorderthat引導(dǎo)。例如:Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.Hestudieshardsothathecouldworkbetterinthefuture.Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.(2)sothat既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句,又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。區(qū)別這兩種從句的辦法有兩個(gè):1)目的狀語(yǔ)從句里往往帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,could,may,might等。2)從意思上看,目的狀語(yǔ)從句往往表示的目的很明確。例如:Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.(目的狀語(yǔ)從句)Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)
五、
結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句表示結(jié)果,通常位于主句之后。引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞(詞組)有:so…that,such…that(如此….以至于),sothat,that(結(jié)果)等。(1)so…that與such….that的區(qū)別
so…that與such….that常用句型如下:so+形容詞/副詞+that從句
so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句sucha/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句such+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+that從句例如:HespokesofastthatIcouldn'tfollowhim.Hetoldussuchfunnystoriesthatwealllaughed.Heissopoorthathecan’tbuyabikeforhisson.Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.Mypencilfellunderthedesk,sothatIcouldn’tseeit.Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.Sheissuchagoodgirlthatwealllikeher.=Sheissogoodagirlthatwealllikeher.HespeakssofastthatIcouldn’tfollowhimIhavesomuchtimethatIcanchatwithyou.(2)當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句為肯定句時(shí),so…that….可以與be…enoughtodo轉(zhuǎn)換;當(dāng)從句為否定句式,可以與too…to….或benot….enoughtodo轉(zhuǎn)換,從而使復(fù)合句變?yōu)楹?jiǎn)單句。
Peterissotallthathecanreachtheappleonthebigtree.=Peteristallenoughtoreachtheappleonthebigtree.Theboyissoyoungthathecan’tlookafterhimself.=Theboyistooyoungtolookafterhimself.=Theboyisnotoldenoughtolookafterhimself.(3)如果名詞前由many,much,little,few等詞修飾時(shí),只能用so,不用such。例如:Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.Hehassolittletimethathecan’tgotothecinemawithyou.
(4)so…that和such...that在由so...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中,so是副詞,與形容詞連用。其結(jié)構(gòu)是:“...so+形容詞(副詞)+that+從句”。例如:Hewassogladthathecouldn’tsayaword.Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.在由such…that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中,such是形容詞,它修飾的可以是單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,也可以是不可數(shù)名詞;名詞前面可以帶形容詞,也可不帶。如果是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,前面需加不定冠詞a或an。例如:Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-term.有時(shí)上述兩種結(jié)構(gòu)是可以互換的。例如:Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.=Thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit.(5)結(jié)果和目的狀語(yǔ)從句還要注意以幾點(diǎn):
①so…that用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,so+形容詞+
a+名詞+
that,如:
Sheissobeautifulagirlthateveryonelikesher或用
such+
a+形容詞+名詞+
that,如:
Sheissuchabeautifulgirlthateveryonelikesher
②在不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前只能用
such,如:
Itissuchgoodweatherwewanttogoforapicnic又如:
Theyaresuchgoodplayersthattheyshouldwinthegame.
③在much,many,
few,
little之前只能用so,如:
IhavesolittlemoneythatIcan'tbuyit
④so…that之間只有形容詞時(shí),則不能用
such,如:
ItissogoodthatIwanttobuy.
⑤sothat其后接從句,如:
IgotupearliersothatIcouldcatchthefirstbus六、
條件狀語(yǔ)從句
由if,unless等連詞引導(dǎo)。Unless在意義上相當(dāng)于if…not表示“除非”“如果不”。由于本身已含有否定意義,因此不要在unless后用否定句式。若主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),if,unless引導(dǎo)的從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。若主句為祈使句或用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
Iwon’tgounlessI’minvited.Ifyouworkhard,you’llmakeprogress.
條件狀語(yǔ)從句和主句還有一個(gè)共同的伙伴,有時(shí)它可以替代從句和主句,它就是“祈使句+and/or+簡(jiǎn)單句”。其中and表示句意順承;or則表示轉(zhuǎn)折,意為“否則”。
Ifyouworkharder,you’llpasstheexam.=Workharderandyou’llpasstheexam.
Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llmissthetrain.=Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.用介詞with,without可以把條件狀語(yǔ)從句改寫(xiě)成簡(jiǎn)單句:Ifthereisnowater,thefishmaydie.=Fishmaydiewithoutwater.Ifyouhelpme,I’llfinishmytaskontime.=Withyourhelp,I’llfinishmytaskontime.
七.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句在主句中作讓步狀語(yǔ)的從句稱為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可置于句首,也可置于句尾。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞主要有以下這些:though,although,as,evenif,eventhough,whether…or…,nomatter+疑問(wèn)句,疑問(wèn)詞-ever.1、though,although表示“雖然,縱然”之意。這兩個(gè)連詞意思大致相同,在一般情況下可以互換使用。在口語(yǔ)中,though較常使用,although比though正式。Although/Thoughhisfatherwaswornout,hekeptonworking.Although/Thoughmymotherisveryold,sheisquitestrong.重要提示:
though,although不能與but在句中同時(shí)使用。Thoughtheoldmanwaspoor,hewasveryhappy.=Theoldmanwaspoor,buthewasveryhappy.2、as,though表示“雖然……但是”“縱使……”之意。
as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句常以部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn),被倒裝的部分可以是表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形;though有時(shí)也用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu),但although不可以這樣用。如:
Hardas/thoughheworks,hemakeslittleprogress.(=Thoughheworkshard,hemakeslittleprogress.)
Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.(=Thoughhewasachild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.)3、evenif,eventhough表示“即使……”“縱使……”之意。這兩個(gè)復(fù)合連詞的意思基本相同,他們??苫Q使用,但意義有細(xì)微差別。Evenif引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句含有強(qiáng)烈的假定性,而eventhough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)是以從句的內(nèi)容為先決條件的,也就是說(shuō),說(shuō)話人肯定了從句的事實(shí)。如:
We’llmakeatripevenif/thoughtheweatherisbad.
Evenifheispoor,sheloveshim.(=Hemaybepoor,yetsheloveshim.)
Eventhoughheispoor,sheloveshim.(=Heispoor,yetsheloveshim.)4、whether…or…表示“不論是否……”“不管是……還是……”之意。由這一個(gè)復(fù)合連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句旨在說(shuō)明正反兩個(gè)方面的可能性都不會(huì)影響主句的意向或結(jié)果。如:
You’llhavetoattendthemeetingwhetheryou’refreeorbusy.
Whetheryoubelieveitornot,it’strue.5、“nomatter+疑問(wèn)詞”或“疑問(wèn)詞-ever”的含義為“……都……,不管……都……”,它們引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可以互換,如:
Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.(=Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.)
Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustkeepthelaw.(=Whoeveryouare,youmustkeepthelaw.)
但“nomatter+疑問(wèn)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,而“疑問(wèn)詞-ever”還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。如:
Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)yousay,Iwon’tbelieveyou.(whatever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)I’lleatwhatever(≠nomatterwhat)yougiveme.(whatever引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句)
Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.(whoever引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句)八、
比較狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句主要運(yùn)用于形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)及最高級(jí)的句子之中。
1)原級(jí)
(1)as…as和….一樣
JackisastallasTom.(2)notso(as)…as….不如…..那樣…Sheisnotso(as)outgoingashersister.2)比較級(jí)
more…than比….更….Thisbookismoreinstructivethanthatone.
3)最高級(jí)
(1)themost…in/of
Thisbookisthemostinterestingofthethree.(2)the+形容詞最高級(jí)….of/inThisroadisthebusieststreetinourcity.
3)要注意的是表示"越來(lái)越"這一概念時(shí)有兩個(gè)句型:①比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí),如:
ThedaysaregettinglongerandlongerThelittlegirlisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful②定冠詞
the+比較級(jí)+
the+比較級(jí),如:
Theharderyoustudy,themoreyoucanlearn歸納:①nomorethan只有(嫌少的意思)Ihavenomorethantwobooks.It’snomorethanamiletotheshop.②notmorethan不如(前者不如后者)
JackisnotmorediligentthanJohn.③oneofthe+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù),意為“最……之一”(用于最高級(jí))。
HanMeiisoneofthebeststudentsinourschool.
九、方式狀語(yǔ)從句
在主句中作方式狀語(yǔ)的從句稱為方式狀語(yǔ)從句。方式狀語(yǔ)從句一般位于句尾,有時(shí)位于句中。1、方式狀語(yǔ)從句通常由as,(just)as…so..,asif,asthough引導(dǎo)
as,(just)as…so…引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句通常位于主句中,但在(just)as…so….結(jié)構(gòu)位于句首時(shí),as從句帶有比喻的含義,意思是“正如”“就像”,多用于正式問(wèn)題。如:Alwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneby.
Aswateristofish,soairistoman.2、asif,asthough
兩者的意義和用法相同,引出的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示與事實(shí)相反;有時(shí)也用陳述語(yǔ)氣,表示所說(shuō)情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。常譯作“仿佛……似的”“好像……似的”,如:
Helooksasif(asthough)hehadbeenhitbylighting.Itlooksasiftheweathermaypickupverysoon.3、引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的as還有“按照”之意。如:Iwilldoitasyoutellme.我將照你說(shuō)的做。方式狀語(yǔ)中要注意的是as(連詞)與
like(介詞)的區(qū)別。
as作為連詞其后接從句,如:
PleasedoitasIdidit但后面的句子常作省略,如:
PleasedoitasI而
like是介詞,其后要接的是賓語(yǔ),如:
Pleasedoitlikeme
1.[誤]
Whiletheclockstruckten,allthelightswentout.
[正]
Whentheclockstruckten,allthelightswentout.
[析]
while是強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作在同時(shí)進(jìn)行中,如:WhileIamdoingmyhomework,myfatherisreadinganewspaper.而這里的when是"正當(dāng)某某時(shí)刻","就在這一時(shí)間點(diǎn)上",其重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)在某一特定時(shí)刻某動(dòng)作的發(fā)生。
2.[誤]
WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreetyesterday,Imetanoldfriend.
[正]
WhenIwaswalkingalongthestreetyesterday,Imetanoldfriend.
[析]這里用when表達(dá)在一個(gè)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行中,另一個(gè)動(dòng)作突然發(fā)生了。正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作用一進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),而突然發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用一般時(shí)態(tài)。
3.[誤]
WhileIheardthebadnewsIfeltsad.
[正]
WhenIheardthebadnews,Ifeltsad.
[析]
while不能表達(dá)一點(diǎn)兒的時(shí)間,即瞬時(shí)某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)。
4.[誤]
Forthereisnolightintheclassroom.Thestudentsmusthavegonehome.
[正]
Thestudentsmusthavegonehome,forthereisnolightintheclassroom.
[析]由for引出的原因狀語(yǔ)從句在使用時(shí)要注意不能將該從句置于句首,而應(yīng)置于主句之后,并在主句與從句之間加一逗號(hào)。更要注意的是because,as,since與for4個(gè)表示原因的連詞中because是因果關(guān)系,是最強(qiáng)的一個(gè),而for是最弱的一個(gè)。有些語(yǔ)法書(shū)中干脆把for叫做并列連詞
正誤辨析5.[誤]
Shesangwhenshewalkedalongthedarkstreet.[正]
Shesangasshewalkedalongthedarkstreet.
[析]
as用于句中時(shí),其要點(diǎn)是強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的同時(shí)進(jìn)行。這里用when雖然不能講是語(yǔ)法上的錯(cuò)誤,但則看不出來(lái)小女孩因獨(dú)自走黑暗的街道因害怕而唱歌的心情。
6.[誤]
Ifinishedmyhomeworkuntiltwelveo'clocklastnight.[正]
Ididn'tfinishedmyhomeworkuntiltwelveo'clocklastnight.
[正]
Ididmyhomeworkuntiltwelveo'clocklastnight.
[析]
until用在句中時(shí)其含義是某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到某時(shí)結(jié)束,那么句中的動(dòng)詞則一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,如果要用瞬間,或截止性動(dòng)詞時(shí)一定要用否定句式。因截止性動(dòng)作的否定式應(yīng)看作是持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作。如離開(kāi)leave是瞬間動(dòng)作,因一出門(mén)即為離開(kāi)了,而不離開(kāi)則是長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的。
7.[誤]
IhavestudiedEnglishwhenIwastwelve.[正]
IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwastwelve.
[析]
since引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句是表達(dá)了一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn),而這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)是主句動(dòng)作的啟始點(diǎn),所以主句一般要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。
8.[誤]
Becausehedidn'tstudyhard,sohedidn'tpasstheexam.[正]Hedidn'tpasstheexambecausehedidn'tstudyhard.
[析]
because與
so在英文中兩者不能并用的,只能在句中用9.[誤]
BeforeIdonotgiveyoutheanswer,I'llaskyousomequestions.
[正]
BeforeIgiveyoutheanswer,I'llaskyousomequestions.
[析]這種錯(cuò)誤是由于受中文的影響。在中文中可以講"我沒(méi)給你答案前"。而英文用了before就不要再用否定句了。正誤辨析10.[誤]
Hewassuchexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.
[正]
Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.
[析]
so與such的用法可以分為四種情況,①用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前,其格式是such+不定冠詞+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,如:Itissuchabeautifulbookthateverychildlikesit.也可以用so,其格式是so+形容詞+不定冠詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,如:Itwassobeautifulabookthateverychildlikesit.②在不可數(shù)名詞前或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前這時(shí)只能用such,如:Itissuchgoodweatherthatwewanttoswim.又如:Theyaresuchgoodstudentsthattheycanpasstheexameasily.③在few,little,
much,many這4個(gè)字前只能用so而不能用such,如:IhavesomuchmoneythatIcanbuyeverythingIwant.④當(dāng)that前只有形容詞或副詞時(shí),這時(shí)只能用so,如:Sheissobeautifulthateveryonelikesher.HeransofastthatIcouldn‘tkeepupwithhim.11.[誤]
Hegotupearlierthismorningsoastothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.
[正]
Hegotupearlierthismorninginorderto
tocatchthefirstbus.
[正]
Hegotupsoearlierthathecouldcatchthefirstbus.
[析]
so…that與sothat的用法有相同之處,那就是其后接從句,而inorderto其后要接不定式,即動(dòng)詞原形。12.[誤]
Iwanttobuysamestampthatyouhave.
[正]
Iwanttobuythesamestampasyouhave.
[析]
thesame…as(that)這是個(gè)固定用法,在same前的定冠詞是不能少的。而thesame…that意為"我要的就是那一個(gè)"。而thesame…as為"要的是和……一樣的東西"。
正誤辨析中考考點(diǎn)設(shè)置1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(1)引導(dǎo)詞:when,while,as,before,after,assoonas,until,since.(2)主句為將來(lái)時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替。(3)not...until的同義句替換。2.條件狀語(yǔ)從句(1)引導(dǎo)詞:if,unless.(2)主句為將來(lái)時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替。(3)if...not與unless及or的同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。中考考點(diǎn)設(shè)置3.原因狀語(yǔ)從句(1)引導(dǎo)詞:because,since,as.(2)對(duì)because原因狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn)用“why”。(3)because不能與so連用。(4)because,since,as,for的區(qū)別:because從句所表示的是對(duì)方不知道的直接的原因,因此在回答以why引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)只可用because,而as,since引導(dǎo)的從句卻不可;as,since從句所表示的往往是對(duì)方已知的原因;for往往用于附加理由證明。中考考點(diǎn)設(shè)置4.目的狀語(yǔ)和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)(1)引導(dǎo)詞:so,that.從句中常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。(2)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞:so...that,such...that.(3)so與such的區(qū)別(4)so...that與too...to和...enoughto間轉(zhuǎn)換①so+形+a/an+名such+a/an+形+名②so+many/much/few/little+形+名③such+形+不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)中考考點(diǎn)設(shè)置5.比較狀語(yǔ)從句(1)引導(dǎo)詞:as...as,notas(so)...as,than(2)notas(so)...as與than的同義句替換。(3)as...as,notas(so)...as中間用形容詞或副詞的原形。6.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句(1)引導(dǎo)詞:though,eventhough.(2)though不能與but連用。7.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句(1)引導(dǎo)詞where,wherever.(2)wherever=nomatterwhere8.方式狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞:asif,asthough.根據(jù)A句完成B句,使兩句意思一致,每空只填一詞:
1.A:Janeisasinger.Sheisalsoadancer.
B:Janeis____________asinger____________adancer.
2.A:Weshouldlearnfrombooksandweshouldlearnfromteachers.
B:Weshouldlearn______frombooks______fromteachers.
3.A:Hismothercan’thelphimwithhislessons,andhisfathercan’t,either.
B:______hismother______hisfathercanhelphimwithhislessons.
4.A:It’shardwork,butIenjoyit.
B:______it’shardwork,Ienjoyit.
5.A:Mencan’tlivewithoutairandwater.
B:Menwilldiewithoutair______water.
課時(shí)訓(xùn)練notonlybutalsobothandNeithernorThough/althoughor6.A:Ifyoustandhigher,youwillseefarther.
B:Standhigher,______youwillseefarther.
7.A:Ifyoudon’tworkharder,youwillfailintheexam.
B:Workharder,______youwon’tpasstheexam.
8.A:Howimportantthemeetingis!Ican’tmissit.
B:Itis__________importantmeeting______Ican’tmissit.
9.A:Afterthemothercameback,theboywenttobed.
B:Theboy______gotobed______hismothercameback.
10.A:There’remanyrabbitsthere.Theycan’tkillthemall.
B:There’re______manyrabbitsthere______theycan’tkillthemall.
課時(shí)訓(xùn)練andorsuchathatdidn’tuntilsothat11.A:WhenIgetthere,I’llgotoseehimatonce.
B:I’llgotoseehim__________________Igetthere.
12.A:Youmaystayathome.Youmayalsogooutwithus.
B:Youmay______stayathome______gooutwithus.
13.A:Maryisthetallestgirlinherclass.(福州)
B:Maryis____________anyothergirlinherclass.
14.A:Peterdrawswell.Henrydrawswell,too.(廣西)
B:Henrydraws__________________Peter.
15.A:Maryrunsfasterthanmysister.(蘭州)
B:Mysisterdoesn’trun__________________Marydoes.
assoonaseitherortallerthanaswellasasfastas課時(shí)訓(xùn)練16.A:UncleWangfinishedhiswork.Hewenthome.
B:UncleWang____gohome___hefinishedhiswork.
17.A:LucyhasbeenawayfromtheUSAfor5years.
B:It’s5years______she______theUSA.
18.A:“Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?”heaskedme.
B:Heaskedme______thegirl______somehelp.
19.A:Mrs.Smithismyteacher.Sheisalsomygoodfriend.
B:Mrs.Smithis______myteacher_______mygoodfriend.
20.A:“Nanjinghaschangedalottheseyears.”“That’sright.”
B:“Nanjinghaschangedalottheseyears.”“______it______.”didn’tuntilsinceleftIfneedednotonlybutalsoSohas課時(shí)訓(xùn)練選擇填空
1.Theydidn’tstartthework____theirteachercameback.
A.untilB.whileC.assoonasD.if
2.Thedictionarycostmetoomuch,____it’sreallyuseful.
A.andB.soC.butD.or
3.–Carl,areyouinterestedinswimming?-Yes,____I’mnotgoodatitatall.
A.soB.andC.orD.but
4.You’llbelate____youdon’tgetupearlytomorrowmorning.
A.ifB.whenC.beforeD.until
5.I’dliketochangethispairoftrousers,____givememymoneyback.
A.soB.orC.butD.and
ACDAA課時(shí)訓(xùn)練6.Alicewantedtoknow____hergrandmotherlikedthebag.
A.thatB.ifC.whichD.what
7.Mr.Johnhasworkedinthatsmalltown____heleftCanadain1998.(山西)
A.whenB.afterC.forD.since
8.Thatwasourfirstlesson,____shedidn’tknowallournames.
A.forB.butC.soD.or
9.____Saturday____SundayisOK.I’llbefreeinthesetwodays.
A.Either;orB.Neither;norC.Both;andD.One;theother
10.Pleasecome____havedinnerwithus.A.andB.soC.butD.or
BDCAA課時(shí)訓(xùn)練11.Heislisteningtothemusic____heiswashingclothes.(廣西
A.afterB.beforeC.thatD.while
12.____therearetoomanypeoplehere,____wehavetofindanotherhouse.
A.Because;soB.Though;butC.Since;/D./;if
13.LiLeisaid____hecouldfinishhishomeworkbeforesixo’clock.
A.ifB.whatC.thatD.when
14.Canyoutellme____thenearesthospitalis?
A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where
15.ThisTVsetistoodear,____itgivesyouabetterpicture.
A.orB.andC.ifD.though
DCCDD課時(shí)訓(xùn)練16.Don’tdrinktoomuchteaintheevening,____youwon’tfallasleep.(大連)
A.andB.soC.orD.but
17.____heisveryyoung,____heknowsseverallanguage(江西)
Though;butB.Because;soC.Though;/D.Because;/
18.Godownthestreet____youseethethirdcrossing.(內(nèi)蒙
A.thoughB.sinceC.untilD.while
19.Hewas____tired____hecouldn’tgoonworking.(河北)
A.too;toB.such;thatC.so;thatD.too;that
20.You’dbettertakethisbook.Itisverygood____it’sabitexpensive.(安徽)
A.thoughB.andC.butD.soCCCCA課時(shí)訓(xùn)練21.____heisveryyoung,____heknowsalotaboutscience.A.Though;butB.Because;soC.Though;/D.When;and
22.Shewas____wealllikeher.
A.suchagoodsingerB.suchagoodsingerthat
C.averygoodsingerthatD.sogoodsingerthat
23.I’llgiveherthemessage____shecomesback.
A.tillB.beforeC.sinceD.assoonas
24.Motherdidn’tgotobed____shefinishedcleaningtheroom.
A.afterB.untilC.becauseD.while
25.Itisalongtime___wemetlasttimeinShanghai.
A.beforeB.afterC.sinceD.for
26.Hewasworriedabout____hewouldcometomyparty.
A.thatB.whatC.ifD.whether
27.Canyoutellme____sheisgoingtogivemeasapresent?
A.whereB.whenC.whoD.what
CBDBCDD課時(shí)訓(xùn)練28.RoseisanEnglishgirl,____shedoesn’tlikeEnglishfood.
A.yetB.soC.forD.and
29.Thereisnoair____wateronthemoon.
A.andB.orC.soD.yet
30.Tomlaughed____theothersdid,____hedidn’tunderstandthestory.
A.like;thoughB.as;thoughC.like;becauseD.as;as
31.Itwas____wewentfishingintheopenairyesterday.
A.suchaniceweatherB.soniceweatherthat
C.suchniceweatherthatD.aniceweathersothat
32.Ididn’thear____hesaidjustnow.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.it
33.Theywerereading____thelightswereout.
A.asB.whenC.whileD.until
34.Couldyoutellme____hisfatherislike?
A.thatB.howC.whyD.whatABBBBBD課時(shí)訓(xùn)練【例1】Lucyknewnothingaboutit_________hersistertoldher.[2003河北?。軦.becauseB.untilC.ifD.since典型例題解析【例3】Theyoungmantravelledallovertheworld
hehadaman-madeleg.[2003河南?。軦.thoughB.ifC.asD.becauseB【例2】Otherpeoplewon'tbepleasedifhe
thequeue.[2003河南?。?/p>
A.willjumpB.jumpsC.jumpD.jumpedBA【例4】ThestudentswillgotoSummerPalaceifit
tomorrow.[2003甘肅?。軦.don'trainB.won'trainC.doesn'trainD.isn'trainC【例7】Davidwassocarelessthathedidn'tfindthemistakesinhistestpaper.(改為簡(jiǎn)單句)[2003福州市]Davidwas_________careless_________findthemistakesinhistestpaper.【例5】Thedriverhurtthegirl______badly_______shehadtoseeadoctor.[2003新疆]A.so,thatB.either,orC.too,toD.neither,nor典型例題解析A【例6】MrsReaddidn'tsleepwelllastnightbecausethewindmadetoomuchnoise.對(duì)句子劃線部分提問(wèn))_______________MrsRead__________welllastnight?tootoWhydidn'tsleepⅠ.單項(xiàng)選擇1.Hewas_________angrytohearthenewsthathecouldn'tsayaword.A.soB.tooC.veryD.much2.Becausehismotherwasill,_________hemuststayathometolookaft
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