選修八第四單元詞匯vocabulary

Unit4Pygmalion1.hesitatevi.猶豫；躊躇(1)hesitatetodosth.猶豫做某事hesitateabout/over/at...對(duì)……感到猶豫(2)hesitationn.猶豫withouthesitation毫不猶豫地①PremierLisaid“Thegovernmentwillnot_________helpyououtofpoverty.”李總理說(shuō)“政府會(huì)毫不猶豫地幫你擺脫貧困。”②Sheseemsto_____________________theprivatequestion.她好像不愿意回答這個(gè)私人問(wèn)題。hesitatetohesitateaboutanswering③Heacceptedthejobwithouthesitation.他毫不遲疑地接受了這份工作?！臼煸~生義】讀句子猜含義Embarrassmentcausedthespeakertohesitate.()口吃；話(huà)語(yǔ)吞吐【高考鏈接】(2009·福建高考)Weareatyourservice.Don’t_______toturntousifyouhaveanyfurtherproblems.A.begB.hesitateC.desireD.seek【解析】選B。2.mistakenadj.錯(cuò)誤的;不正確的mistaken．&v．錯(cuò)誤，過(guò)失；弄錯(cuò)，誤解，把……誤認(rèn)為拓展：bemistakenabout誤會(huì)……

bemistakenfor被誤認(rèn)為是bymistake錯(cuò)誤地make...mistake(s)in在……的錯(cuò)誤makeamistake犯錯(cuò)誤

運(yùn)用：在橫線上填上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或完成句子1)Someonemusthaveleftthedooropen______mistake.2)Wemayhavemadeamistake__________ourcalculations.3)Tomdidn'tmake_______________________(犯一點(diǎn)拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤)inhiscomposition.4)You____________________entirely.(誤解我的意思了)5)Hewas____________________theminister.(被誤認(rèn)為是)6)Ivan'sworkisalways____________________.(有很多錯(cuò)誤)

3.remarkn.談?wù)?；言論；評(píng)述

vt.&vi.談?wù)?；評(píng)論；說(shuō)起(1)makearemarkon/upon...=remarkon/upon對(duì)……作出評(píng)論/發(fā)表看法remarkthat...評(píng)論說(shuō)……(2)remarkableadj.

非凡的；顯著的①(2011·江蘇高考)Ican’tdenythatherremarkshurtme.不可否認(rèn)她的話(huà)傷害了我。②Don’tmakeruderemarkson/uponherappearance.不要對(duì)她的容貌胡亂評(píng)論。③Someexperts_____________theeducationalcauseshouldfacereality.有些專(zhuān)家評(píng)論說(shuō)教育應(yīng)該面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)。④Thewriter,MoYan,__________________________inwriting.作家莫言在寫(xiě)作上取得了非凡的成績(jī)。remarkedthatgotremarkableachievements4.Buttheybetraythemselveseverytimetheyopentheirmouths.

但是他們一張嘴就會(huì)露出馬腳。1)betrayoneself無(wú)意中暴露出本性;背叛；暴露出e.g.Quitealotofpeoplewillbetraythemselveswhentemptedbymoney.

Iwon’tbetrayhistrust.Shewouldnotbetrayhissecretstome.Hisfacebetrayedthathewasangry.betray+n./n.+to表示“出賣(mài),背叛,辜負(fù)”;betray+n./n.+(tobe)-that表示“無(wú)意中顯示,暴露”。其名詞形式為betrayal,如:anactofbetrayal背叛的行為。歸納拓展完成句子。Hebetrayedhisfriends_____theenemy.2.Hisaccentatoncebetrayedthefact_____hewasaforeigner.tothat5.condemnvt.譴責(zé)；使……注定；判處condemnsb./sth.as譴責(zé)/指責(zé)某人/物為……condemnsb.todosth.使某人注定做某事condemnsb.tosth.迫使(某人)處于(某種)狀態(tài)；使某人注定……becondemnedtodeath被判死刑①Hisbadlegcondemnedhimtoawheelchair.他的殘腿使他不得不坐在輪椅上。②Themeat________________unfitforhumanconsumption.這種肉不適合人們食用。wascondemnedas③He_____________________formurder.他因謀殺罪被判處死刑?！军c(diǎn)津】(1)condemn表示“宣判、判處”時(shí)與sentence相同。(2)becondemnedto與bedoomedto意義相同,都表示“注定會(huì)……”。wascondemnedtodeath6.acquaintancen.

相識(shí)；了解；熟人①I(mǎi)madehisacquaintanceataparty.=Imadetheacquaintanceofhimataparty.我是在一個(gè)聚會(huì)上認(rèn)識(shí)他的。②Hehassomelittleacquaintancewiththelanguage.他稍微會(huì)一點(diǎn)兒這種語(yǔ)言。③Evenonfirstacquaintanceitwasclearthathewasamanofrichexperience.【歸納】填寫(xiě)適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~maketheacquaintance__sb.結(jié)識(shí)某人___firstacquaintance初次見(jiàn)面haveacquaintance____sth./sb.對(duì)某事物/某人了解ofonwith7.fortune［U］成功；好運(yùn),運(yùn)氣；［C］財(cái)富；大筆的錢(qián)(1)makeafortune發(fā)財(cái)seekone’sfortune外出找出路tryone’sfortune碰運(yùn)氣(2)fortunateadj.幸運(yùn)的befortunatetodosth./indoingsth.幸運(yùn)地做某事(3)fortunatelyadv.幸運(yùn)地①___________,thefirewasdiscoveredsoonafterithadstarted.Fortunately②Nowmanyvillagersgotothebigcitiesto_______________.現(xiàn)在很多村民去大城市碰運(yùn)氣。③Sheis_________inhavingsuchakindhusband.她有這樣一位好心的丈夫,真是幸運(yùn)。trytheirfortunefortunate【高考鏈接】(2010·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune_________.A.ismadeB.wouldmakeC.wastobemadeD.hadmade【解析】選C。8.superioradj.優(yōu)秀的；較高的；上級(jí)的

n.上級(jí)；長(zhǎng)官觀察句子,寫(xiě)出黑體部分的詞性和含義①I(mǎi)acknowledgedhimasmysuperior.(

)②Whichofthetwomethodsissuperior?(

)③Asoldiermustobeyhissuperiorofficers.(

)④JohnsonissuperiortoMr.Wanginmaths.(

)n.長(zhǎng)者,上級(jí),長(zhǎng)官adj.較好的,出眾的adj.上級(jí)的adj.比……優(yōu)越/好9.overlookvt.俯瞰；未看到；忽視；不理會(huì)觀察句子,寫(xiě)出黑體部分的含義①Thehouseonthehilloverlooksthevalley.()②Heoverlookedaspellingerroronthefirstpage.()③I’lloverlookyourmistakethistime.()④Itiseasyforustooverlookourownfaults.()俯瞰未看到不理會(huì)忽視1.generallyspeaking一般來(lái)說(shuō)①(2012·安徽高考)Thelimitsofaperson’sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth.一般來(lái)說(shuō),一個(gè)人的智力極限在剛出生時(shí)就決定了。②_________________,womenlovechildrenbetterthanmendo.一般來(lái)說(shuō),女人比男人更愛(ài)孩子?！军c(diǎn)津】

generallyspeaking相當(dāng)于ingeneral或asageneralrule,表示“一般而言；大體上”。Generallyspeaking【拓展】補(bǔ)全下列“adv.+speaking”的短語(yǔ)_______speaking嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)_________speaking就個(gè)人而言_______speaking坦率地說(shuō)________speaking誠(chéng)實(shí)地說(shuō)strictlypersonallyfranklyhonestly【想一想】高考中經(jīng)?？疾榈皆u(píng)注性狀語(yǔ),動(dòng)腦想一想,我們平時(shí)學(xué)了哪些詞或短語(yǔ)作評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)？【參考答案】評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)是對(duì)整個(gè)句子進(jìn)行解釋和說(shuō)明,表明說(shuō)話(huà)人的看法和態(tài)度,通常位于句首(間或位于句中或句尾),常用逗號(hào)與句子隔開(kāi)。評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)一般有下列幾種形式：一、副詞：personally,honestly,frankly,obviously,clearly,briefly,luckily,fortunately,naturally,actually等。例如：Briefly,theworkwasdonewell.簡(jiǎn)言之,這份工作干得不錯(cuò)。二、副詞短語(yǔ)：whatisworse,worsestill,strangelyenough,notsurprisingly等。例如：What’sworse,helosthisparentsintheaccident.更糟的是,他在這次事故中失去了雙親。三、動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)：...speaking,judgingfrom等。注意這種-ing結(jié)構(gòu)與后面句子的主語(yǔ)沒(méi)有邏輯上的關(guān)系,因此不必變成過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)。例如：Judgingfromhisclothes,hemustbefromarichfamily.從他的衣著判斷,他一定來(lái)自一個(gè)富有的家庭。四、不定式短語(yǔ)：tobehonest,tomakethingsworse,totellthetruth,tobesure,tospeakfrankly等。例如：Tobehonest,thetwinsdon’tlookalikeatall.說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà),這對(duì)雙胞胎看上去一點(diǎn)都不像。五、介詞短語(yǔ)：ofcourse,from...pointofview,inshort,inbrief,inaword,toone’ssurprise,asamatteroffact,inactualfact,betweenourselves(youandme)等。例如：Asamatteroffact,theirsuggestionhasprovedpracticable.事實(shí)上,他們的建議證明是可行的。2.intermsof...就……來(lái)說(shuō)；從……角度①I(mǎi)ntermsofnaturalresources,itisoneofthepoorestcountriesinWesternEurope.從自然資源來(lái)看,它是西歐最窮的國(guó)家之一。②_________money,somearequiterich.從金錢(qián)的角度上說(shuō),有些人非常富有。ofInterms【拓展】翻譯下列term短語(yǔ)cometotermswith_________________________________關(guān)系良好/不好___________________就長(zhǎng)/短期而言inone’sterms___________onequalterms_______________達(dá)成協(xié)議,和好beongood/badtermsinthelong/shortterm/run在某人看來(lái)在平等的條件下3.Willthatbeofanyusetoyou?那對(duì)你有用嗎？(1)介詞of后面接表抽象意義的名詞,如value,use,help,importance,significance等,相當(dāng)于該名詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞。該名詞前面可以用表程度的詞加以修飾,如little,no,great,much,some等。(2)介詞of后面還可接一些表示人或物屬性的名詞,如size,color,height,length,age,shape,quality等,用來(lái)描述人或事物的屬性,在句中作表語(yǔ)或后置定語(yǔ)。句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Thebookwillbeveryvaluabletostudentsofhistory.=Thebookwillbe____________tostudentsofhistory.這本書(shū)對(duì)學(xué)歷史的學(xué)生將很有用。②Thetworoomsarethesameinsize.=Thetworoomsare______________.這兩個(gè)房間大小一樣。③TheNobelPrizeisveryimportanttoChineseliterature.=TheNobelPrizeis_________________toChineseliterature.這項(xiàng)諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)對(duì)中國(guó)的文學(xué)很重要。ofgreatvalueofthesamesizeofgreatimportance4.show...in帶或領(lǐng)……進(jìn)來(lái)①I(mǎi)twasthenursewhoshowedmein.是護(hù)士把我領(lǐng)進(jìn)來(lái)的。②Tom,pleaseshowourguestin.湯姆,請(qǐng)把我們的客人領(lǐng)進(jìn)來(lái)。【拓展】

showsb.out領(lǐng)某人出去showsb.around/round...領(lǐng)某人參觀……showoff炫耀showup出席,到場(chǎng)onshow在展出選用上面短語(yǔ)填空③I_______theforeigners_______ourschool.我領(lǐng)著外國(guó)人參觀了我們的學(xué)校。④Whydidn’tyou________attheconferencelastnight?昨晚你為什么沒(méi)出席會(huì)議？showedaroundshowup5.inneedof需要……①Deedsarebetterthanwordswhenpeopleareinneedofhelp.當(dāng)有人需要救助的時(shí)候,行動(dòng)勝于言語(yǔ)。②Thehungrychildrenwere_________food.這些饑餓的孩子需要食物?！军c(diǎn)津】

inneedof表示“需要”；而inneed表示“在危難中,在困難中”。inneedof③Wearecollectingmoneyforchildren_______.我們?cè)跒樨毨和季??！就卣埂垦a(bǔ)全下列“in+n.+of”短語(yǔ)in_______of為了...表示敬意in______of負(fù)責(zé)in_____of希望in_____of代替in______of支持in______of尋找in________of為了紀(jì)念

inneedhonourchargehopeplacefavoursearchmemory6.fadeout(聲音、畫(huà)面)逐漸模糊；漸淡fadeaway消失,逐漸減弱；褪色①I(mǎi)twasdarkandallthesoundshad________.天黑了,所有的聲音已逐漸消失了。②Theideaseemedtofadeoutandtheclubwasneverformed.這個(gè)想法似乎被淡忘了,俱樂(lè)部始終沒(méi)有建立起來(lái)。③Theshapesfadedawayintothenight.那些影子消失在夜色中。fadedoutⅠ.選詞并用其適當(dāng)形式填空compromise,acquaintance,hesitate,classify,overlook,horrible,comfort,mistake,fade,disgust1.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleaseaskmeforhelpwithout_________.2.Let’s___________andeachpayshalfthedamages.3.Wemustthinkhowwecanmaketheroommore___________foryou.4.IfI’mnot________,that’sthemanwesawonthebus.hesitationcompromisecomfortablemistaken5.Wecan________theseafromthewindowofourroom.6.Thatwasareally________thingtosay!7.Allmy_____________votedfortheplanIcameupwithatthemeeting.8.Ourhappinessbeganto____andourheartbegantogrowheavy.9.Thebooksinthelibraryare________accordingtothesubjects.10.His_________jokesmadeeverybodypresent_________.overlookhorribleacquaintancesfadeclassifieddisgustingdisgustedcompromise,acquaintance,hesitate,classify,overlook,horrible,comfort,mistake,fade,disgustⅡ.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換1.Itisimpossibletomakethegirlanupperladybecauseofherphonetics.=Itisimpossibleto________________anupperladybecauseofherphonetics.2.It’sapleasuretogettoknowyoursister.=It’sapleasureto______________________yoursister.3.Wecoulddonothingbutlookathimsurprisedly.=Wecoulddonothingbutlookathim____________________.passthegirloffasmaketheacquaintanceofinsurprise/amazement5.Theplanewithloudnoisesdisappearedgraduallyinthedistance.=Theplanewithloudnoises_________inthedistance.6.Itisnecessarytocleanthehousethoroughlybeforewemovein.=Thehouseis_________athoroughcleaningbeforewemovein.7.Astosalary,thejobisgreat,butithasitsdisadvantages.=The