中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)

Chapter1disappointvt.→disappointsb使某人失望=makesbdisappointeddisappointedadj.感到失望的→bedisappointedat…對(duì)…失望disappointingadj.令人失望的disappointmentn.失望appearv.出現(xiàn)→appearancen.外貌eg.Don’tjudgeapersonbyhisappearance.speakv.說，演講→speakern.演講者，喇叭，音響

speechn.講話，演講restv.靠，倚→n.休息havearest→n.剩余theresthesitatev.猶豫→hesitatetodosth做某事很猶豫hesitationn.猶豫→withouthesitation=atonce=immediately毫不猶豫地tooth牙（單數(shù)）→teeth復(fù)數(shù)Employeen.雇員；employern.雇主；employv.雇傭asetof+n.(如果是可數(shù)，則為復(fù)數(shù)形式）Eg.Asetoftools一副工具congratulatev.→congratulatesb祝賀某人Congratulationn.→congratulations（tosb）beautyn.美人→beautifuladj.美麗的→beautifullyadv.動(dòng)人地Reply=answerv.回復(fù)→replytosb/sth=answersb/tosthAnswern.答案→theanswertothequestion這個(gè)問題的答案part-timeadj.兼職的Full-timeadj.全職的senioradj.高級(jí)的junioradj.初級(jí)的決定做某事：decidetodosth=makeadecisiontodosth坐火車：（go）bytrain=takeatrain問候某人：greetsb=sayhellotosb給某人留下好的印象：make/leave/haveagoodimpressiononsb提醒某人某事：remindsbaboutsth提醒某人(想起）某事：remindsbofsth提醒某人去做某事：remindsbtodosth休息：havearest=haveabreak匆匆看一眼：glanceat=haveaquicklookat端坐：situp昂首：holdone’sheadup對(duì)某人微笑：smileatsb與某人眼神交流：makeeyecontactwithsb比起做B更喜歡做A：preferdoingAtodoingB=likedoingAbetterthandoingB=wouldratherdoAthandoB(當(dāng)動(dòng)詞相同時(shí)，后一個(gè)可以省略）怎么了？：what’sup/wrong/thematterwithsb?=whathappenedtosb?welcomen.歡迎；adj.受歡迎的一定用the的地方：1.特指：Youcan’tdrinkthewater.2.獨(dú)一無二：thesun3.最高級(jí)：themost4.樂器：playthepiano5.專用名詞：theGreatWall6.姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前，表示這家人：theGreens7.序數(shù)詞前：thesecond8.中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日：theSpringFestival9.再次提起或是說話雙方都知道的。不用冠詞的地方：1.三餐、運(yùn)動(dòng)名詞前：havebreakfast、playfootball(踢足球）(若三餐錢有adj修飾，需要有冠詞：haveaquickbreakfast）(若有playthefootball，則譯為玩足球。如：The3-year-oldbabyisplayingthefootball.)2.節(jié)日、星期、月份、季節(jié)名詞。3.國(guó)名、人名、地名。4.當(dāng)名詞前已有物主代詞(my/your/his/her/its/their)或指示代詞(that/this/those/these)5.稱呼或頭銜6.固定短語(yǔ)：atnoon/midday/night,bytrain等7.抽象、物質(zhì)名詞復(fù)數(shù)（表示類別）：Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失敗乃成功之母。Mancan’tlivewithoutwater.8.有無冠詞時(shí)，短語(yǔ)意義不同。沒有則意義抽象化gotobed去睡覺gotoschool去上學(xué)gototheschool去學(xué)校beinhospital住院beinthehospital去醫(yī)院beinclass在上課beinprison在坐牢beatwork在工作Chapter2caren.照料carefuladj.認(rèn)真的，細(xì)心的→carefullyadv.認(rèn)真地carelessadj.粗心的→carelesslyadv.粗心地suitv.適合≈fit區(qū)別：suit：指顏色、花樣或者款式適合fit：指大小、尺寸合體suitableadj.適合的→besuitableforsb適合某人promisev./n.允諾promisesb答應(yīng)某人promisetodosth答應(yīng)做某事makeapromise（tosb）（對(duì)某人）許諾keepone’spromise遵守諾言breakone’spromise打破諾言dailyadj.日常的=everyday→everydayclothes便服

adv.每日，天天=everydaydirtn.污垢、泥土→dirtyadj.臟的shinev.發(fā)光、閃亮→shinyadj.閃亮的wondern.奇跡→wonderfuladj.精彩的=great=welldonewiseadj.聰明的，明智的≈smart/clever/bright區(qū)別：wise更高層次，指謀略等dry(v.)sth=makesthdry(adj.)把…弄干drysthout把…完全弄干（干枯）gentleadj.溫柔的→gentlyadv.溫柔地→gentlemann.紳士missv.錯(cuò)過；思念n.小姐missing=lostadj.遺失的dependv.依靠，取決于→dependon=bedecidedbydependentadj.依賴的=bedependenton=relyonmindv.介意→mind（doing）……介意……expertn.專家，指熟練程度高specialistn.專家，指專業(yè)的healthn.健康，健康狀況→healthyadj.健康的

other+n.eg.Wouldyoulikeotherfood?您還想要?jiǎng)e的食物嗎？別的不定代詞/疑問代詞+elseeg.Anythingelse？還有別的嗎？

(不定代詞：anything，nothing，something等)(疑問代詞：what等)

after照顧

for尋找lookto看向

over仔細(xì)地看

up（inthedictionary）查（特指查字典）照顧（護(hù)理）：carefor≈takecareof=lookafter非常開心：ontopoftheworld=veryhappy從…得到：get…from；從…學(xué)到：learn…from保持…（如何）：keep…adj.有一個(gè)好的飲食：haveagooddiet節(jié)食：beonadiet大量的：plentyof=alotof=lotsof=alargenumberof至少：atleast≈morethan多于太多：toomuch倒裝句：Theywillgofishingtomorrowandsoshallwe.(sowillyou)[第一人稱的將來時(shí)倒裝、疑問用shall]HecanplaytheguitarandsocanI.

他會(huì)彈吉他，而我也會(huì)。[其他翻譯類似]Youwillshineandsowillyourhair.YouareastudentandsoamI.YoulikeEnglishandsodoesTim.TheyhavebeentoBeijingandsohavewe.[肯定句用so，否定句用neither]It’s+adj.+ofsbtodosth.形容某人的品質(zhì)可以改為：sbbeadj.todosth.eg.It’skindofyoutohelpme.=You’rekindtohelpme.It’s+adj.+for+sbtodosth.形容某事（對(duì)于某人如何）eg.It’seasyformetopasstheexam.enoughadj./adj.足夠的/足夠地enough+n.；adj.+enoughChapter3nearbyadj.附近的：在名詞前后都可以eg.Iliveinanearbyschool.adv.在v.后eg.Ilivenearby.near介詞.在名詞前eg.Helivesneartheschool.[需要加冠詞]cheatv.欺騙n.騙子，也可為cheaterineg.GuangdongliesinthesouthofChina.liev.位于oneg.JiangxiliesonthenorthofGuangdong.toeg.BeijingliestothenortheofShanghai.placeofinterestn.名勝古跡→復(fù)數(shù)placesofinterestbasen.底座→bebasedon以…為基礎(chǔ)funn.有趣的事→funnyadj.有趣的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，過去式，過去分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞位于、躺lielaylainlying說謊lieliedliedlying放置，下（蛋）laylaidlaidlaying[lie也可作n.謊言，可數(shù)→telllies]appreciatev.感謝，后面只能接事情或者物eg.Imustappreciateyourhelp.thanksbfor(doing)sth因某事感謝某人begratefultosbfor(doing)sthbethankfultosbfor(doing)sthaudiencen.觀眾，和people一樣是集體名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但作為復(fù)數(shù)名詞使用。hirev.租用，雇傭→firev.解雇位于：liein=belocatedin=bein成形：takeshape=developintoaclearform=bealmostcompleted被……吸引：beattractedby=beinterestedin看起來像：looklike=belike預(yù)先：inadvance=ahead(oftime)[句中有具體時(shí)間時(shí)，不加oftime]多于：morethan=over在…之間：betweenAandB(兩者)；among……（三者或以上）在…之上：on…（緊貼）；over…（有空隙）在…下面：under…=below…用…制造：bemadeof（易看出）；bemadefrom（不易看出，如，paper紙）一段十五分鐘的路（散步）：fifteenminutes‘walk=afifteen-minutewalk照鏡子：lookatoneselfinthemirrorboth(…and…)/(are/were)兩者都[復(fù)數(shù)]Either(…or…)/(is/was)兩者之一[單數(shù)]Neither(…nor…)/(is/was)兩者都不[單數(shù)]all[復(fù)數(shù)]三者或以上都none[多用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)]三者或以上都不[后都可接of……]區(qū)別none和noonenone可指人、物，用于回答howmany+n,howmuch+n及含any+n引起的疑問句noone只能指人，只能用作單數(shù)，不能接of，用來回答who,及含anyone,anybody引起的疑問句

It可指代：人、物、事、距離、時(shí)間、天氣等it與one的區(qū)別eg.Thebookisinteresting.Ilikeit.Wheredidyoubuyit?Iwanttobuyone.

it:指這一本書；one：指這本書的“同類”中的某一個(gè)。nouse沒用的Itisfundoingsth有趣的nogood不好的worth值得的said(據(jù)說)Itis+過去分詞reported(據(jù)報(bào)道)that從句well-known(眾所周知)[但要注意前后時(shí)態(tài)一致，eg.Itwassaidthatthepolicehadcaughttherobber]Chapter4behavev.表現(xiàn)→behaveoneself規(guī)矩點(diǎn)

behavewell/badly守規(guī)矩/舉止不端behaviorn.行為，舉止narrowadj.窄的→narrowlyadv.勉強(qiáng)的wideadj.寬的→widelyadv.廣泛地hurtvt.傷害→adj.受傷的（現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)、過去分詞都一樣）violentadj.暴力的→violencen.暴力（不可數(shù)）aviolentstorm狂風(fēng)暴雨；aviolentflood洪水泛濫錯(cuò)誤（可數(shù)n.）error=mistake隊(duì)伍line=queueeducatev.教育→educationn.教育educational/educativeadj.有教育意義的[前者常用，淺層；后者深層]furthereducation深造eg.Hewentabroadforfurthereducation.medicaladj.醫(yī)藥的→medicinen.藥物（不可數(shù)）吃藥：takemedicineadvisevt.→advicen.建議（不可數(shù)）一條建議apieceofadvice許多建議many/alotof

piecesofadvice幾條建議somepiecesofadvice[沒有muchadvice]建議…去做…advisesbtodosth接受某人的建議：takeone’sadviceconclusionn.結(jié)論→make/drawaconclusion下結(jié)論accidentn.事故→accidentaladj.意外的→accidentallyadv.意外地helpv.幫助→helpful=usefuladj.有幫助的，有用的→unhelpful=uselessadj.無用的，不愿幫助的→helplessadj.無助的(指心情上的)accept和receive的區(qū)別vt.拒絕refuseaccept(主觀)接受；receive(客觀)收到IreceivedaboxbutIdidn’tacceptit.站隊(duì)/排隊(duì)等候/插隊(duì)：stand/wait/jumpinqueue/line說服…做…：persuadesbtodosth偶然地：byaccident=bychance=accidentally受傷：behurt(adj.)在玩耍：(be)atplay(n.)=(be)playing動(dòng)身去…：leaveforsw=gotosw從…去…：leaveswforsw質(zhì)問某人、詢問某人：questionsb對(duì)…有負(fù)罪感、內(nèi)疚：feelguiltyfor對(duì)…感到抱歉：feelsorryfor忙于……：bebusydoing怎么做whattodo(withsth)=howtodealwithsthwhattodo(aboutit)=howtodoit與某人無關(guān)：It’snoneofone’sbusiness.=Ithasnothingtodowithsb.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has+過去分詞含義：1.發(fā)生在過去2.對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響或聯(lián)系havegoneto:已經(jīng)去了某地（所指人物不在對(duì)話的地方）

eg.Wherearetheboystudents?Theyhavegonetotheschoolfactoryhavebeento:曾經(jīng)到過某地（后接次數(shù)：once，threetimes，sometimes）

eg.IhavebeentoBeijingfor

3times.havebeenin:已經(jīng)在某地呆了多久（說話時(shí)還在那里）（后接時(shí)間段：4years,since2yearsago)eg.IhavebeeninShenzhenfor4years.[過去完成時(shí)則為had]過去完成時(shí)：had+過去分詞含義：過去的過去eg.HetoldusthathewouldgotoBeijingthisweekend.eg.By/beforenineo’clockyesterdayevening,Ihadfinishedmyhomework.在完成時(shí)中：

already:用于肯定句中表示強(qiáng)調(diào)可不要

yet:用于疑問句或否定句(一般在句末)ever:曾經(jīng)(表肯定)，多用于疑問句：eg.HaveyouevervisitedShenzhen?ThisthebestplacethatIhaveevervisited.never:不曾(表否定)eg.Hehasneverseenhisfriendsincethen.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：since/for/before/bysince:自從……，后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如：since2yearsago.[用在持續(xù)動(dòng)詞中]

若為從句，從句為一般過去時(shí)，如：sinceyoumethim.

一般用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，eg.WehavebeengoodfriendssinceImovedhere.

過去完成時(shí)的情況，eg.Hesaidtheyhadbeengoodfriendssincehemovedhere.for:后接時(shí)間短，如：for3years[用在持續(xù)動(dòng)詞中]before:在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，單獨(dú)用，或beforenow，強(qiáng)調(diào)到目前為止的之前；在過去完成時(shí)中，后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如：beforenineo’clockyesterdayevening.若為從句，從句為一般過去時(shí)，如：beforehermothercame.by:在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中為bynow，同上。在過去完成時(shí)中，后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如：bysixo’clockyesterday.若后接從句,從句為一般過去時(shí)during:后接過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間，表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在[用在持續(xù)動(dòng)詞中]

如：duringthepast20yearssofar=uptonow：強(qiáng)調(diào)到目前為止的現(xiàn)在，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)when:從句，多接一般過去式，也可接過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

[若是while，則多接過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，也可接一般過去式]注意：若句中的時(shí)間為具體時(shí)間，如：…ago/justnow/at6等，多為一般過去時(shí)。具體結(jié)合語(yǔ)境做題時(shí)，要注意時(shí)態(tài)，如：Hetoldushe

beentoBeijing.He

hishatandwentout.短暫性動(dòng)詞持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞die死bedeadleave離開beaway(from)begin開始beonbuy買haveborrow從……借來keepbecome成為become/arrive來/到達(dá)be/atinfallasleep睡著beasleepfallinlovewith愛上→愛著beinlovewithgoout出去beoutputon穿wearjoin參加beamemberof/beeninopen開beopenmarry結(jié)婚be/getmarriedmakefriends做朋友befriendscatchacold感冒haveacoldfinish完成beovergotoschool去上學(xué)beastudentgettoknow認(rèn)識(shí)knowChapter5contestn.競(jìng)賽；v.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)→contestantn.參賽者，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者[益智類比賽][運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上的：運(yùn)動(dòng)員用player或選手athlete]directv.指導(dǎo)，管理→directorn.導(dǎo)演，負(fù)責(zé)人hostn.(男)主持人→hostessn.女主持人waiter(男)服務(wù)員→waitress女服務(wù)員actor演員→actress女演員calmadj.鎮(zhèn)靜的；vt.使……平靜→calmlyadv.鎮(zhèn)靜地calmdown冷靜下來recordv.錄制，錄音；n.唱片→recordingn.錄音cameran.相機(jī)→cameramann.攝影師surprisen.意想不到的事，驚喜；v.使…驚訝可數(shù)n.：指一回事：Whatasurprisetoseeyouhere!不可數(shù)n.:指心情上的:Hisfaceshowedsurpriseatthenews.surprising令人驚訝的；surprised感到驚訝的adj.對(duì)…感到驚訝:besurprisedat出乎…的意料：toone’ssurpriseraisevt.舉起eg.Theboyraisedtheflag.risevi.升起eg.Thesunrisesfromtheeast.preparev.準(zhǔn)備→preparedadj.準(zhǔn)備好的→unpreparedadj.沒有準(zhǔn)備好的publicadj.公共的→inpublic公共地，當(dāng)眾[adv.]ina/thepublicplace在公共場(chǎng)所privateadj.私人的→inprivate私下地[adv.]emergencyn.緊急情況→emergentadj.緊急的在緊急關(guān)頭inanemergency還有五分鐘：fiveminutestogo=fiveminutesleft坐在桌子旁：sitatthedesk在吃飯：attable舉手：raiseone’shand=putupone’shand提出問題：raisequestions[question可數(shù)的，指書本中或向老師或其他人問的問題][problem一般不可數(shù),更嚴(yán)重，指麻煩等]保持鎮(zhèn)靜：keepcalm/still≈keepquiet領(lǐng)先于:beaheadof=be/do/bedoingbetterthan在…前面[只能指位置上的]：infrontof[外面]；inthefrontof[里面]立刻，馬上：atonce=immediately=rightaway是做…的時(shí)候了：it’stimefor…=it’stimetodo…再多六個(gè)問題：sixmorequestions=anothersixquestions沒有準(zhǔn)備好：beunpreparedforsth/todosth=benotreadyforsth/todosth一個(gè)兩人旅行：atripfortwo反義疑問句問句：前否后肯，前肯后否回答：只要事實(shí)是肯定，則用yes，否定用noeg.Youareateacher,aren’tyou?---yes,I’m./no,I’mnot.(是的，我是老師；不，我不是老師）

Hissisterdidn’tattendthemeeting,didshe?-----Yes,sheattend./No,shedidn’t.(不，她參加了；是的，她沒有參加）否定前移(think,believe,suppose,expect)Idon’tbelievetheyhavefinishedtheirworkyet.=Ibelievethehavenotfinishedtheirworkyet.Idon’tthinkheisright,ishe?=Ithinkheisn’tright,ishe?但語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣不會(huì)用后者句式，于是有了否定前移。否定前移的反義疑問句：I/Wedon’tthinkhecanpasstheexam,canhe?You/Hedon’t/doesn’tthinkhecanpasstheexam,doyou/doeshe?Chapter6warmv.使…溫暖：warmsth/sb→adj.溫暖的→warmthn.溫暖bitn.少量→abitof=bitsof=alittle一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)（接不可數(shù)名詞）abitof+n,abit+adj/adv,alittle+adj/adv/n一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)-一般過去式-過去分詞-現(xiàn)在分詞die-died-died-dyingv.死亡eg.Hedied10yearsago.dyingadj.垂死的eg.Thedoctorsavedthedyingman.deadadj.死了的eg.Hewasdead.deathn.死訊eg.Hisdeathmadeeveryonesad.influencev.影響→n.影響力，作用sb/sthbeinfluencedbysb/sth

……被……影響sb/sthheveaninfluence/affectonsb/sth

……影響著……cattlen.牛[總稱]可數(shù)，但沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式fish魚，sheep羊同上flyv.飛，疾行-過去時(shí)flew-過去分詞flowncrueladj.殘忍的→crueltyn.殘忍becrueltosb對(duì)……殘忍；asignofcruelty殘忍的表現(xiàn)introducev.介紹→introductionn.介紹introducesbtosb向某人介紹某人comparev.相比，比較compareAwithB將A與B比較compareAtoB將A比作Bspace≈roomn.空間(不可數(shù))若指太空，只能用space；若room作房間，可數(shù)orderv.點(diǎn)（菜），命令：ordersbtodocolleague=workmaten.同事because+句子；becauseof+n.pityn.憾事→Whatapity!真遺憾！=whatashame!insteadof/inplaceof和taketheplaceof區(qū)別eg.Yourmotherwillgotothemeetinginsteadof/inplaceofyourfather.=Yourmotherwilltaketheplaceofyourfathertogotothemeeting.對(duì)…沒胃口：lose(one’s)appetitefor……下降：comedown增加體重：putonweight=beheavier/fatter給…騰出空間：makespacefor減肥：loseweight=bethinner值得深思的事：food/thingsforthought不再：nomore=nolonger生?。篵eill/sick=getill/sick代替：insteadof=inplaceof和…開玩笑：playajoke/trickonsb過去常常做：usedtodosth習(xí)慣于做：beuseddoing被用作：beusedtodo一點(diǎn)也不：notabit=notatall不少的：notalittle≈alotof滅絕：dieout；死于某?。篸ieof；死于某事：diefrom度過某人的一生：spendone’slife推測(cè)：mustbe(一定是);maybe(可能是);can’tbe(不可能)用must提問，否定回答用needn’t=don’thave/needto.用may提問，否定回答用mustn’t/can’t/maynot語(yǔ)氣由強(qiáng)到弱，具體分析語(yǔ)境用need提問，肯定回答用must，否定用needn’t=don’thave/needto.need，作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形：needdo→needn’tdo做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+todo：needtodo→don’tneedtodosthneeddoing=sthneedtobedone(need是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，用do/does提問;后者不常用)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一般用在否定句和疑問句中maybe和maybe的區(qū)別maybe:v.用在句中：主語(yǔ)+maybe……eg.Hemaybeathome.be為be的原型maybe:adv.多用在句首：maybe+主語(yǔ)+be……eg.Maybeheisathomebe可以是be的多種形式Chapter7conductv.指揮→conductorn.(樂隊(duì))指揮shockv.使…震驚→shockedadj.感到震驚的;shockingadj.令人震驚的beshockedatsth對(duì)……感到震驚mistaken.錯(cuò)誤→mistakenadj.錯(cuò)誤的=wrongfinaladj.最后的→finallyadv.最后=atlaststatev.陳述→statementn.陳述safeadj.安全的→safetyn.安全的地方take…tosafety把……帶到安全的地方kidnapn.綁架→過去時(shí)kidnapped/現(xiàn)在分詞kidnapping→kidnappern.綁架者prisonn.牢籠，監(jiān)牢→prisoner囚犯inprison在坐牢touchv.觸碰→touchedadj.感動(dòng)的betouchedby=bemovedby被……感動(dòng)forcev.強(qiáng)迫→forcesbtodosth≈makesbdo強(qiáng)迫某人做某事

sbbeforcedtodo≈sbbemadetodo某人被強(qiáng)迫做某事[make強(qiáng)迫的意味沒有force強(qiáng)烈]savev.挽救：savesb=saveone’slife救了某人savewater/time節(jié)約水/時(shí)間；savemoney存錢presentv.贈(zèng)送：presentsbwithsth=givesbsth(asagift)n.禮物=giftatpresent=now目前marryv.結(jié)婚：marrysb與……結(jié)婚marriedadj.已婚的：be/getmarried(tosb)(與某人)結(jié)婚了unmarriedadj.未婚的singleadj/n.單身的(人)angryadj.生氣的→angrilyadv.→angern.beangrywithsbaboutsth因某事對(duì)某人生氣withanger=angrily氣憤地agreevi→agreementn.同意agreetodosth同意做某事agreewithsb/whatsbsaid同意某人；（氣候、食物）適合某人agreetosth(主語(yǔ)為單數(shù))同意計(jì)劃、安排agreeonsth(主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù))同意計(jì)劃、安排burst(現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)、過去分詞相同)burstin=breakin：后不接地點(diǎn)；burstintosw=breakintoswburstintotears忍不住哭了；burstintolaughter忍不住笑了在…之下：beneathsth在…之間：inthemiddleof出生：beborn教某人做某事：teachsbhowtodosth把某人抓進(jìn)監(jiān)獄：putsbinprison喜極而泣：crywithjoy=cryjoyfully賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)由主句決定：主句是過去時(shí)，從句要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)(直接引語(yǔ)→間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，若從句為一般過去式，則改為過去完成時(shí))eg.Heaskedwhentheywouldgototheparty.主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)不變eg.Doyouknowwhenwewillhaveafootballmatch?從句為客觀事實(shí)，則不受主句時(shí)態(tài)影響eg.Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.從句語(yǔ)序?yàn)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序eg.Heaskedhowmuchshepaidforthehat.引導(dǎo)詞：陳述句為that，特殊疑問句看情況[特殊疑問句:用when，how，what等提問]一般疑問句用if或weather[一般疑問句:用do，is，are等提問][若有ornot只能用weather]eg.Heaskedme,‘Areyouastudent?’→HeaskedifIwasastudent.=HeaskedweatherIwasastudent(ornot).Chapter8attemptv.n.試圖，嘗試attempt(v.)todosth試圖做某事humourn.幽默→humourousadj.幽默的幽默感：asenseofhumourgiftn.天賦=talent；禮物=presententerv.進(jìn)入→entrancen.入口反義詞：exit出口perfectadj.完美的=wonderfulperfectlyadv.完美地=wonderfully≈withoutanymistakeproducev.生產(chǎn)→productn.產(chǎn)品→producern.制片人，生產(chǎn)商researchn.v.研究astronomern.天文學(xué)家→astronomyn.天文學(xué)woodn.木頭（不可數(shù)）→woods樹林→woodenadj.木制的distancen.距離→distantadj.遙遠(yuǎn)的howfarisitfrom…to…?=what’sthedistance(from…to…)/(between…and…)?drawv.畫；拉=pull→drawern.抽屜推：pushreplyv.n.回答Hestoodup(toreplyto)/(inreplyto)thequestion.v.n.invitev.邀請(qǐng)→invitationn.lecturen.演講=speech→lecturern.演講者；lectureen.聽演講的人difficultadj.困難的→difficultyn.困難的事（一般可數(shù)）pleasev.、介詞使…高興；敬辭，請(qǐng)pleasedadj.滿意的；pleasantadj.令人滿意的[pleasantlyadv.]pleasuren.榮幸，樂意It’sa/mypleasure.這是我的榮幸

用于他人對(duì)自己的感謝之后Withpleasure.我很樂意用于別人向自己請(qǐng)求幫助時(shí)joinv.加入組織、黨派等eg.jointheParty加入共產(chǎn)黨joinin=takepartin加入活動(dòng)、派對(duì)等eg.joininthegame/partypurposen.目的→onpurpose故意地calln.電話：makeacalltosb=call(v.)sb給…打電話callvt.callatsw拜訪某地；callonsb拜訪某人把…看作：regard…as…=consider…as…去…的路上：onthewayto樂意做：It’spleasuretodo…讓某人失望：let…down=make…disappointed熟記：learn…byheart=remember/memorize…well主動(dòng)提出做：offertodo…事實(shí)上：infact在宇宙：intheuniverse=inspace語(yǔ)法：不定式：todo（否定：nottodo）n.+todo:作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般在名詞后面eg.Ihavelotsofthingstodo.不及物動(dòng)詞的不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，后加相應(yīng)介詞eg.Sheisaverynicepersontoworkwith.疑問詞+todo:[what/who/which/where/when/how/why]作主語(yǔ):謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式eg.Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.作賓語(yǔ):即賓語(yǔ)從句：Hetoldmewheretofindthebook.雙重賓語(yǔ)：Hewillteachyouhowtoplaythepiano.作表語(yǔ):Thequestionishowtodothejobwell.下列動(dòng)詞后接todo：want(sb);asksb;tellsb;hope;wish(sb);learn;teachsb;decide;manage;pretend(假裝);plan;refuse;agree;expect;promise;offer；It’sadj.for/ofsbtodo;enoughtodohelpsb(to)do[一般省略to]forget/remembertodo忘記/記得去做forget/rememberdoing忘記/記得做過stoptodo停下去做(另一件事)stop(from)doing停下(正在做的事)[from一般省略]下列動(dòng)詞直接接do[否定:notdo]letsb;hadbetter;makesb;whynotseesbdo常發(fā)生的或指一回事seesbdoing某個(gè)瞬間或偶然見到的事(hear、watch同see)Chapter9gardenn.花園→gardeningn.園藝→gardenern.園丁Hehasagreenthumb/finger.=Heisgoodatgardening.naturen.自然→naturaladj.自然的survivev.幸存=bestillalive→survivorn.幸存者→survivaln.幸存excitev.使…興奮→excitementn.興奮→excited；excitingadj.

fairadj.公平的→fairlyadv.公平地unfair不公平的→unfairly不公平地commonadj.普遍的，常見的→commonlyadv.常見地

rare罕見的rarely罕見地Innatureflowerswithbrightcoloursarecommonlyfound.在自然界中，色彩明亮的花朵是很常見的。在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，副詞常放動(dòng)詞前，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中副詞一般在動(dòng)詞后。trueadj.真實(shí)的→trulyadv.→truthn.tellthetruth說出真相區(qū)別true和realtrue：指(抽象的)事情、事件，如故事[story]、話語(yǔ)[word、whatyousaid]real：