初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句講解練習(xí)及答案

初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句講解、練習(xí)與答案定語(yǔ)從句一、初中英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)詞匯many/much/afew/alittle/few/little(1)many修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞；都表示許多。例如：Hehasmanybooks.他有許多書(shū)。Hedrankmuchmilk.他喝了許多牛奶。(2)afew和alittle 都表示有一點(diǎn)兒，側(cè)重于肯定，相當(dāng)于瞬浩履，但 afew修飾可數(shù)名詞，alittle修飾不可數(shù)名詞，例如:HehasafewfriendsinLondon.他在倫敦有一些朋友。Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?Yes,justalittle.喝點(diǎn)咖啡好嗎,好的，只要一點(diǎn)。(3)few和little表示幾乎沒(méi)有，側(cè)重否定。few后接可數(shù)名詞，little后接不可數(shù)名詞。例如:Heisastrangeman.Hehasfewwords.他是個(gè)怪人，他幾乎不說(shuō)什么話。Hurryup,thereislittletimeleft. 趕快，沒(méi)什么時(shí)間了。seem/lookseem一股著重于以客觀跡象為依據(jù)，意思是“似乎、好象、看起來(lái)???” 。Thebabyseemstobehappy.嬰兒看上去似乎很高興。Heseemedtobesorryforthat.他似乎為那件事感到抱歉。seem能與todo結(jié)構(gòu)連用，而look不能。似乎要下雨了。Itseemstorain.Theyseemedtohavefinishedtheirwork.他們似乎已經(jīng)完成了工作。在it作形式主語(yǔ)的句型中只能用 seem。Itseemsthatheisquitebusynow.他現(xiàn)在看起來(lái)很忙。Itseemstousthatthereisnothingserious. 在我看來(lái)沒(méi)什么大不了的。look用作“看起來(lái) ;好像”時(shí)，常從物體的外觀或樣貌上來(lái)判斷，是以視覺(jué)所接受的印象為依據(jù)的。Theroomlooksclean.這間房看起來(lái)很干凈。Thegirllookslikehermother.那女孩看起來(lái)向她的媽媽。二、語(yǔ)法 定語(yǔ)從句(一)、定義:在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。 定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)用來(lái)限定、修飾名詞或代詞的，是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)和分詞短語(yǔ))或句子，漢語(yǔ)中常用‘??的'表示。主要由形容詞擔(dān)任，此外，名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，分詞，副詞，不定式以及介詞短語(yǔ)也可以來(lái)?yè)?dān)任，也可以由一個(gè)句子來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。單詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)和從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則放在所修飾的詞之后，作后置定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)從句是指在一個(gè)句子中作定語(yǔ)的句子，定語(yǔ)從句要放在所修飾的詞后。如:1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面兩句中的man和everything是定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that,which,who(賓格who,所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞where,whenwhy關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用：1、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句2、代替先行詞 3、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分1(二)、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句.who指人，在從句中做主語(yǔ)(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway..whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷?。Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom^口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用who代替，可省略。Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which 指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which 在句子中做主語(yǔ))Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which 在句子中做賓語(yǔ))4.that 指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.( 在句子中做主語(yǔ))Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做賓語(yǔ) )5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?注:that用法不用that的情況在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。(錯(cuò))Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.介詞后不能用。Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.只能用that作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。在不定代詞，如:anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。先行詞有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修飾時(shí)，只用that。先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只用that,不能用which。.先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。先行詞指物，在主句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí) (為了避免重復(fù)(先行詞是theway或thereason時(shí)，that可作關(guān)系副詞，也可省略2主句的主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞who/which時(shí)舉例:Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?,這是你在圖書(shū)館借的那本書(shū)嗎．Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished(誰(shuí)打碎了窗戶都要受到懲罰(Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油問(wèn)題。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。(三)、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞:在句中作狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞 =介詞+關(guān)系代詞why=forwhichwhere=in/at/on/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配 )when=during/on/in/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配 )where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)表示地點(diǎn)的定語(yǔ)從句。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間。在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也可做連接詞用IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.［注］表示時(shí)間“time一詞的定語(yǔ)從何只用when引導(dǎo)，有時(shí)不用任何關(guān)系代詞，當(dāng)然也不用that引導(dǎo)。BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.到你到達(dá)倫敦的時(shí)候，我們?cè)谀抢镆呀?jīng)待了兩個(gè)星期。．IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我仍然記得我第一次見(jiàn)到她。Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc 。每一次他去出差，他帶來(lái)了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。why指原因在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意:關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞 +關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschool,hebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.注:1)介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的介詞 +關(guān)系詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when,where和why互換。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.3ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.三、練習(xí)．練習(xí)一（一）用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞將下列每對(duì)句子連成一個(gè)復(fù)合句。Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.Themanwasmyuncle.Themanwavedtous.Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.（二）用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空Thehouse weliveinisverybig.Theboy iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.Thisisthepresent hegavemeformybirthday.Theman talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools hehadvisited.Thereisnothingintheworld canfrightenhim.Shewearsagoldring, isveryuncommoninourclass.Wevisitedafactory makestoysforchildren.Isthistheplace yourfatheroncelived?4I'llneverforgetthedays IjoinedtheLeague.練習(xí)二一、單項(xiàng)填空---Whoistheman wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?---Oh!It'sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.whichIhatethepeople don'thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.whereTheforeigner visitedourschoolisfromCanada.A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whomGeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.whichThisistheplace Ihaveevervisited.A.thereB.whenC.whereD.whichNobodyknowsthereason shedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.whenThemoonisaworld thereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whyHehasforgottentheday hearrived.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.whichHestillremembersthedays hespentwithyourfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhichMr.White, carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.whichHegottothevillage hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.whereThisisthehouse Iwanttobuy.A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.whereThisisthehouse ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.whereHedidn'ttellmetheplace hewasborn.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.whereHelivedinasmallvillage, wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whenIworkinabusiness almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.thatHelenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers, ,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which5Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhomThefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.whereThefamousscientistgrewup hewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai.A.whenB.wheneverC.whereD.whereverAstorygoes ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.thatTheParkersboughtanewhousebut willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.A.theyB.itC.oneD.whichIsthisfactory youworkedat?A.theoneB.whichC.thatD.whereIsthisthefactory youworked?A.whereB.whichC.thatD.theone---Doestheteacherknoweverybody plantedthetrees?---Yes,hedoes.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.whoTheletter Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that---Whereisthescientist gaveusthetalkyesterday?---HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.whichIhatepeople talkmuchbutdolittle.A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.whoDoyouknowaboy sisterisanurseinahospital?A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whoseIsthereashopnearhere wecanbuyvegetablesandfruits?A.whichB.whenC.whoD.where二、填入適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞完成下列句子Theboys areplayingfootballarefromClassOne.Those wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrow.MrLiuistheperson youtalkedaboutonthebus.Theprofessor youarewaitingforhascome.Footballisagame islikedbymostboys.Helikestoreadbooks arewrittenbyforeignwriters.Thisisthepen heboughtyesterday.We'llgotohearthefamoussinger wehaveoftentalked.Whereistheman Isawthismorning?6Theseason comesafterspringissummer.Ivisitedascientist nameisknownalloverthecountry.Hehasafriend fatherisadoctor.Ioncelivedinthehouse roofhasfallenin.Istillremembertheday Ifirstcametothisschool.Thetime wegottogetherfinallyarrived.Shanghaiisthecity Iwasborn.Thehouse Ilivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.Pleasetellmethereason youmissedtheplane.Thereason hewaspunishedisunknowntous.Allthepeople arepresentburstintotears.Thereareaboutsevenmillionpeopletakingpartintheelection,mostof arewelleducated.Hesucceededinthecompetition, madehisparentsveryhappy.Theschool heoncestudiedisveryfamous.TomorrowI'llbringherethemagazine youasked.Thisistheboy Iplayedtenniswithyesterday. 練習(xí)三Thehouse weliveisnotbig.A.inthatB.whichC.inwhichD.thatHetalkedaboutthelecturesandschools hehadvisited.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whomThescientisttheteacheristalking isleavingforBeijing.A.tohimB.whomC.toD.tothatIwho yourteacher,willteachMarxismasatruthtoyou.A.isB.areC.wereD.am theycoulddowastoworkhard.A.AllB.AllwhatC.AllwhichD.ThatDoyouknowthereason hedidn'tcome?A.thatB.whichC.forD.whyTheroom windowsfacesouthishis.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.who'sThepark, wevisitedyesterday,isverynice.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.whenThepark, wemetwithhim,isverynice.A.whereB.which7C.thatD.when10.Thefirsttime Isawherwasin1989.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.as11.Payattentiontoall Ido.A.whichB.inwhichC.whatD.that12.I'vereadallthebooks yougaveme.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that13.Isthereanything Icandoforyou?A.whatB.whichC.thatD.itThewoman childhadfallenillwasadoctor.A.whoB.herC.whoseD./Thepen I'musing ishers.A.which;itB.that;itC.it;/D./16.Ihavethesametrouble youhave.A.thatB.whichC.asD.what17.It'stheverybook Iwanttofind.A.whichB.thatC.itD.so18.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho Englishforfouryears.A.haslearntB.havelearntC.learnD.learning19.Thisisoneofthebooks worthreading.A.thatisB.whichareC.itwasD.theyarebeen20.Thisisthebestfilm beenshownthisyear.A.whichhasB.whichhaveC.thathasD.thathave21.Thisisthelargestclockintheworld,theminutehave issixminuteslong.A.whereB.ofwhichC.thatD.ofthat22.Canyoutellmethereason youdidn'tcomeforyesterday?A.whyB.howC.whichD.what23.Doyoustillremembertheday wespenttogetherlastmonth?A.thatB.inwhichC.whenD.where24.Oct.1,1949wastheday theNewChinawasfounded.A.thatB.inwhichC.whenD.where8Which/Whoofthem knowssomethingaboutEnglishdoesn'tknowthisword?A.whichB.whoC.thatD.as weallknow,heisagoodman.A.WhichB.WhoC.ThatD.AsI'veneverseensuchalazyboy youare.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.asThereweremanygreatleadersinthehistory AbrahamLincolnwasthegreatestone.A.inwhichB.inwhomC.ofwhichD.ofwhomIboughtanewdictionary, isverybeautiful.A.whosethecoverB.ofwhichcoverC.thecoverofwhichD.whichcover30.Theyhaveplantedmanytrees,onethirdof arepinetrees.A.themB.whoseC.whichD.that31.Thatismyoffice, facethesouth.A.it'swindowsB.thewindowsC.thewindowsofitD.thewindowsofwhich32.He'sgivenusalotofinformation, isvaluable.A.littleofitB.LittleofwhichC.alittleD.muchofthem33.Hehastwosons, isacollagestudent.A.whoB.bothofwhomC.neitherofwhomD.neither34.Thereareforty-fivestudentsinourclass, isonlyfifteen.A.theyoungestofwhomB.theoldestofthemC.oneofthemD.thetallest35.Hehaspublishedtwobooks, I'vecompletelyforgotten.A.theirnamesB.thenamesofwhichC.thenamesofthemD.whatnamesofwhich36.Hehasseveralfriends,themostdevoted isHenry.A.friendB.oneofthemC.ofthemD.ofwhom37.Fivemenstoleintothegate, waslameintherightleg.A.thesecondB.thethirdofwhomC.oneofthemD.amongthem38.Thisistheveryschool Iwantedtovisit.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.inwhich39.Istheschool youaregoingtowork?A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there40.Isthis youwant?9A.whichB.theoneC.thatD.theonewhat]41.Shanghai, Ihavevisitedtwice,hasalargepopulation.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.thatMyyoungestsister, isfortyyearsold,hasgotalifeprofessorshipinauniversity.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.thatThestudentsdidn'tliketheway shewasdressed.A./B.whichC.whatD.howThere'snoway youcouldstopotherstalkingaboutyouunlessyoudon'tspareyourself（嚴(yán)格要求自己）.A.forB.thatC.whereD.ofwhich45.Iamdeterminedtolearnmysubjectsintheway youhavedone.A.inwhichB.bywhatC.whatD.whereHeusedtodothingsinaway didnoharmtoanybody.A./B.whatC.inwhichD.thatI'lldo tohelpyou.allIcanB.allwhatIcanC.allthoseImanageD.allwhichIcan48.All wanttobuythebook,putdownyournameshere.A.whothesethatC.thosewhoD.onesThisisthethirdtime you'relateforschool.A.inwhichB.thatwhichD.onwhich50.Hearrivedyesterday, wasjustwhatweexpected.A.whatB.whoC.thatD.which51.EinsteintaughtatPrinceton, therewasafamousresearchinstitute.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.becauseof52.Thatisthereason hecametoseeyou.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.forwhich53.Sheisoneofthefewpersons Spanishinourschool.A.whoknowsB.whoknowC.whichspeakD.thatspeaks54.Heistheonlyoneoftheteachers Spanishinourschool.A.whoteachesB.whoteachC.whichteachesD.thatteach55.Youaretheonlyone advicehemightlistento.10A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.whateverHereissobigastone nomancanlift.A.asB.whichC.whoD.thatHeseemsaforeigner, infactitis.A.whichB.asC.thatD.andWho hascommonsensewilldosuchathing?A.whichB.whoC.whomD.thatIsthisthemuseum someGermanfriendsvisitedlastWednesday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theoneIsthismuseum youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone61.Howdoyoulikethebook?It'squitedifferentfrom Ireadlastmonth.A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat62.Whichsentenceiswrong?A.ThefingerIdippedintothecupwasnottheoneIputitintomymouth.B.Doyouknowtheboywhojumpedontotheplatform?Scienceandnewtechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforfarmerstoproducemorefoodonthesameamountofland.Peopleinancienttimestookitforgrantedthatthesunmovedroundtheearth.63.Antarctic weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.aboutwhich64.Eachtime theymet,theywouldtalklonghourstogether.A.whichB.durin