中考英語(yǔ)主從復(fù)合句（賓語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句）課件

復(fù)合句之賓語(yǔ)從句句子的種類(lèi)根據(jù)作用分A陳述句：B疑問(wèn)句

C祈使句D感嘆句 一般疑問(wèn)句 特殊疑問(wèn)句選擇疑問(wèn)句 反意疑問(wèn)句what感嘆句How感嘆句肯定陳述句，否定陳述句根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)分簡(jiǎn)單句并列句：復(fù)合句

狀語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句并列，轉(zhuǎn)折，選擇，因果賓語(yǔ)從句的句法功能1、作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)TellyoursonthatwatchingTVtoomuchisbadforhiseyes.2、作介詞的賓語(yǔ)Italldependsonwhetheritwillbefinetomorrow.3、作系表結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語(yǔ)Iamsurethathewillcomesoon.賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)1.時(shí)態(tài)2.連詞(引導(dǎo)詞)3.語(yǔ)序1.主句時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在2.主語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去3.特殊情況1.that2.if/whether3.特殊疑問(wèn)詞陳述句1.that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句表示陳述意義。從連詞that無(wú)實(shí)際意義，不在從句中充當(dāng)任何成。Idon’tthink(that)therewillbetimetodoit.我認(rèn)為沒(méi)有時(shí)間做這件事了。Manypeoplebelieve(that)robotswilldomostourwork.許多人相信機(jī)器人會(huì)做我們的大部分工作。2.whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句whether/if引導(dǎo)的從句大多由一般疑問(wèn)句直接引語(yǔ)變化而來(lái)。whether/if在從句中不作，但含有“是否”之義，在句中不可省略。Iaskthemwhether/iftheywouldwinthematch.Doyoucarewhether/ifyouwin?Heaskedmewhether/ifMissLiwasateacher.只用whether不用if的情況①引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。Itdependsonwhetheritwillsnowtomorrow.IaminterestedinwhetherhelikesEnglish.②與ornot連用時(shí)。Iaskedyoursecretarywhethershecouldcomeornot.Letmeknowwhetherhehaspassedtheexamornot.④有些動(dòng)詞，如discuss,doubt等后的賓語(yǔ)從句常用whether引導(dǎo)。We’rediscussingwhetherweshouldgroupthesethreecompanies.Idoubtwhetherhewillkeephispromise.⑤賓語(yǔ)從句前置，置于句首時(shí)。Whethertheycancomehereontime,wedon’tknow.Whethertheywilljoininthecamp,Idon’tcare.③與不定式連用時(shí)。Ireallydon’tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse.NextMondaytheteacherwilltelluswhethertohaveatest.在這里要注意,whethertodo在句中做賓語(yǔ)，并不是賓語(yǔ)從句。3、疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句可以由連接代詞what,who,whom,whose,which等引導(dǎo)，它們?cè)谫e語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)等，因此不能省略。賓語(yǔ)從句可由連接副when,where,how,why等引導(dǎo)，它們?cè)谫e語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，不可以省略。Doyouknowwhowillcomethisafternoon?連詞作主語(yǔ)Idon’tknowwhomyoushoulddependon.連詞作賓語(yǔ)Idon’tknowwhatitis.連詞作表語(yǔ)Couldyoutellmewhichgatewehavetogoto?連詞作定語(yǔ)Iwonderwhosebikeitis.連詞作定語(yǔ)Hedidn’ttellmewhenthetrafficaccidenthadtakenplace.連詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Yourcoatlooksverynice.Couldyoutellmewhereyouboughtit?連詞作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)Itishardwork.Iwonderhowyoufinisheditintwodays.連詞作方式狀語(yǔ)Pleaseexplainwhyyouarelateagain.連詞作原因狀語(yǔ)注意：連接代詞一般表示疑問(wèn)，但what除了表示疑問(wèn)外，也可以表示陳述。Idon’tknowwhathedid.Ibelievewhathetoldme.1.WangHaitoldme_______(how/why)hedidn’tgohikingyesterdayafternoon.2.Canyoutellme_______(who/whom)elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?3.Shesaid_______(that/if)itwouldn’tmattermuch.4.Healwaysthinks________(how/who)hecandobetter.5.Ireallydon’tknow_____________(howlong/howsoon)thebridgewillbefinished.whywhothathowhowsoon6.Theydon’tknow________(when/what)wearegoinghiking.7.Shewantedtoknow________(when/if)hercoatwouldbereadythenextday.8.Iwasreallysurprisedat________(what/where)Isaw.9.Idon’tknow________(how/why)somanypeoplearecrowdingroundhim.10.Doyouknow_________(whose/who’s)shirtitis?whenifwhatwhywhose二、時(shí)態(tài)賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)“賓從”時(shí)態(tài)怎么辦？根據(jù)主句來(lái)判斷；主句現(xiàn)在，從隨便；主句過(guò)去，從變換；“主從”動(dòng)詞同發(fā)生，“過(guò)去進(jìn)行”從句中；“賓從”動(dòng)作先發(fā)生，“過(guò)去完成”時(shí)態(tài)用；“賓從”動(dòng)作后發(fā)生，“過(guò)去將來(lái)”時(shí)態(tài)用；“賓從”表達(dá)是真理，“一般現(xiàn)在”代“過(guò)去”。以上規(guī)則記心里，時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)沒(méi)問(wèn)題。主句現(xiàn)在，從隨便1.Marysaysshe_____________(come)backsoon.2.Hesaysthatheoften________(play)footballafterschool.3.Ihearthatthey_________________(watch)agamenow.4.Doyouknowifhe_____________(be)toBeijingever?5.Idon’trememberwherehe_________(buy)thebookyesterday.willcomeplaysarewatchinghasbeenbought主句過(guò)去，從變換“主從”動(dòng)詞同發(fā)生，“過(guò)去進(jìn)行”從句中；Hesaidthathewasreadingatthattime.“賓從”動(dòng)作先發(fā)生,“過(guò)去完成”時(shí)態(tài)用；ItoldhimthatIhadhaddinneralready.“賓從”動(dòng)作后發(fā)生，“過(guò)去將來(lái)”時(shí)態(tài)用；Wethoughtthatwewouldmeethimsoon.“賓從”表達(dá)是真理，“一般現(xiàn)在”代“過(guò)去”Theteachersaidthattheearth______(go)roundthesun.Everyoneknewthatthere______(be)sixtyminutesinanhour.goesare三、語(yǔ)序所有從句中的語(yǔ)序都是陳述句語(yǔ)序，除倒裝句外。1.DoesherauntliveinParis?(I’mnotsure)IamnotsureifherauntlivesinParis.2.Whowillcometojoinus?(Doyouknow)Doyouknowwhowillcometojoinus?3.Mysonhasacold.(shesaid)Shesaidthathersonhadacold.注意一下句子的語(yǔ)序。WhowentBeijingwithyou?Whatisthematterwithyou?Whatiswrongwithyou?Whathappenedtoyou?上面的句子語(yǔ)序都是陳述語(yǔ)序，Who和what是句子的主語(yǔ)。1.當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know,learn,forget,remember,decide,ask,tell,show,teach等后面帶特殊疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)化的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，主從句的主語(yǔ)也須一致這時(shí)從句可以簡(jiǎn)化成“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”。Idon'tknowwhichsweaterIshouldbuy.Idon'tknowwhichsweatertobuy.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothepark?Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepark?Ihaven’tdecidedwhetherIwillgototheparty.Ihaven’tdecidedwhethertogototheparty.2.當(dāng)句子滿(mǎn)足一下條件，從句的否定往往體現(xiàn)在主句中：A:主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)B:時(shí)態(tài)必須是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)C:主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示觀點(diǎn)，看法等詞，如：think,suppose,guess,believe,expect,consider。我認(rèn)為我不會(huì)按時(shí)到達(dá)。IthinkthatIwon’tarriveontime.Idon’tthinkthatIwillarriveontime.Idon'tthinkthatyoucandoit,_______________?Wedon'tbelievethenewsistrue,____________?HethinksEnglishisveryuseful,_____________?Hedidn'tthinkthenewsistrue,_____________?Wethinkwewillwinthegame,______________?Isupposefatherissleeping,______________?Idon’tthinkyouareright,______________?

canyouisitdoesn’thedidhewon’tweisn’theareyou3.賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種動(dòng)詞形式，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的一種愿望，假設(shè)，懷疑，猜測(cè)，建議等含義，虛擬語(yǔ)氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實(shí)。建議suggest、advise、propose;要求demand、desire、request；

決定decide;命令order、command、require;堅(jiān)決主張insist;等動(dòng)詞后跟賓語(yǔ)從句，用(should)+v1.He

suggestedthatwe(should)meetat8:00inthemorning.2.Tominsiststhatthework(should)befinishedontime.3.Thebossorderedthatalltheemployees(should)workharder.二、定語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。在樹(shù)下的那個(gè)女孩是我的妹妹。Thegirlwhoisunderthetreeismysister.Thegirlismysister.主句whoisunderthetree.從句Thegirlwhoisunderthetreeismysister.先行詞連詞從句Thegirlwhoisunderthetreeismysister.Thegirlismysister.主句whoisunderthetree.從句Thegirlwhoisunderthetreeismysister.先行詞連詞從句連詞的作用：連接先行詞和從句；連詞替代先行詞；連詞在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分；定語(yǔ)從句的連詞先行詞主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)所有格人Who/thatWhom/thatWhose事物Which/thatWhich/thatWhose人+事物thatthat1.thatThat可以指人也可以指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。Views_______areentirelynewmayalsobehardtoaccept.Weneedaperson______isrightforthejob.Thepicture________wearestudyingwasdrawnbyafifteen-year-oldstudent.thatthat(that)2.whichWhich一般指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞which可以省略.Theriver_________runsthroughthecenterofthecitywaspollutedseriously.Thehouse_________Iboughtfromabusinessisworth.Thestory__________hetoldwasverypopular.whichwhich(which)3.who/whom二者都用于指人。Who在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)；whom在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞who，whom可以省略。Heisagreatwriter______wontheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein2012.e.g.:Hersistermarriedaman______________shemetonaplane.who(who/whom)whom在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，且介詞提到whom前面時(shí)，不能用who代替：Theperson________________youjusttalkedtoisDeep.Thepersonto________youjusttalkedisDeep.Thatistheclassmate_______________Istudywith.Thatistheclassmate______________Istudy.who/whomwhowhomwho/whomwithwhom注：當(dāng)先行詞為one,ones,anyone或those時(shí)，這些不定代詞往往指人，定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞用who。Godhelpsthose

whohelpthemselves.Theones

whobrakethelawswillbepunished.Anyone

whowantstosuccessfulalwayshasastrongbelief.4.WhoseWhose可以指人也可以指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，表示先行詞和從句中名詞之間是所屬關(guān)系。DoyouknowthegirlwhoseJapaneseisexcellent?I’dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.1.Anyone______agreeswithwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.2.April1stistheday________iscalledAprilFool’sDayinthewest.3.Thefamily________hadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.4.Thehouse________weliveinisveryold.5.Didyouseetheman_________Italkedwithjustnow？whowhichthatthatwhom關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，一般不可省略。常用的關(guān)系副詞有when，where，why等。選擇哪一個(gè)關(guān)系副詞要看其前面的先行。關(guān)系副詞先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞諻here表示地點(diǎn)的名詞地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)When表示時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)WhyReason原因狀語(yǔ)when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。它的先行詞通常為time，day，week等表示時(shí)間的名詞。Aprilthefirstistheday________peoplemakefunofothers.Istillrememberthetime_______Ifirsttravelledbyplane.whenwhenwhere引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。它的先行詞常為place，house，country等表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。Lastyearmyparentswenttothefarm________theyworked30yearsago.Keepthebooksinaplace_________youcanfindthemeasily.wherewherewhy引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，它的先行詞通常為reason。Iknowthereason________sheleftyou.Pleasetellmethereason________sheiscryingsobadly.whywhy注：當(dāng)先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，時(shí)間，原因是，連接定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞一定是關(guān)系副詞嗎？Iwillneverforgetthedays_______wespent.Idon’tbelievethereason_______hetoldme.Thatistheplace_______hecalledatlastyear.Thiswasthetime_______hearrived.Thisisplace_________heworks.Nobodyknowsthereason______heislate.whenwherewhythatthatthat定語(yǔ)從句的注意事項(xiàng)：一.定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致。Themanwho______(have)anumbrellainhishand____(be)myuncle.Thetrainwhich______just______(leave)isforShenzhen.Thenumberofpeoplethat________(come)tovisitthiscityeachyear___________(reach)onemillion.hasishasleftcomereaches當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由先行詞決定.“Oneof+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”充當(dāng)先行詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“theonly/very/rightoneof+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”充當(dāng)先行詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Tomisoneofthestudentswhowereawarded.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowasawarded.二.定語(yǔ)從句中只能用that作關(guān)系代詞的情況。HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Hestayedinthelibraryandlookedupsomeinformationthattheyneeded.1.當(dāng)先行詞是everything,anything,nothing(something除外),all,none,few,little,some不定代詞時(shí)，或當(dāng)先行詞受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等不定代詞修飾時(shí)。Thefirstthingthatmybrotherisgoingtodothisafternoonistostudyphysics.Ihavefoundthebestwaythatcouldfinishthetest.ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.2.先行詞時(shí)序數(shù)詞或者形容詞最高級(jí)或者被其修飾時(shí).Hewaswatchingthechildrenandparcelsthatlookedsostrange.Jacktookphotographsofthethingsandpeoplethathewasinterestedin.heytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool3.先行詞既有指人的名詞又有指物的名詞時(shí)。ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns.ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.4．當(dāng)先行詞被thevery,theonly,thesame修飾時(shí)。Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?Whichisthebikethatyoulost?5.當(dāng)先行詞前面有who,which等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)。三.在以下情況中關(guān)系代詞只能用which/whom。Theschool________heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschool___________heoncestudiedisveryfamous.Thisistheboy__________Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.Thisistheboy_______________Iplayedtennisyesterday.inwhichwherewhomwithwhomGreatchangesaretakingplaceinthecity____________theylive.Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecity____________theylive.Thereason_____________herefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.Thereason_____________herefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.Shanghaiisthecity_____________Iwasborn.Shanghaiisthecity_____________Iwasborn.whereinwhichwhyforwhichwhereinwhich四、當(dāng)先行詞本身就是that時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用which。

Idon’tlikethat

whichhedid.Whatisthat

whichisontheground?狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句：在主從復(fù)合句中，充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的從句叫做狀語(yǔ)從句。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連詞(引導(dǎo)詞)1.when,while,as2.until,till3.before,after4.since5.hardly...when…nosooner…than…assoonas1.when,while,as這三個(gè)詞通常表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，且常表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。when表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段1.Whenhewasachild,healwaystriedoutsomenewideas.2.Whenwewerehavinglunch,hearrived.3.Whenshecameintomyroom,Iwasjustreadingabook.

4.Whenhecalledmeup,Iarrived.while只能表示時(shí)間段1.Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.

2.WhileJimwasmendinghisbike,LinTaocametoseehim.

3.WhileIwasinBeijing,Ivisitedmanyinterestingplaces.4.WhileTomwasinEngland,helearntsomeEnglish.as基本等同于when，可以表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)也可表示時(shí)間段。1.Asweweretalkingon,hegotmoreandmoreexcited.

2.Justashecaughttheball,therewasatearingsound.3.Thestudentsweretakingnotesastheywerelistening.當(dāng)主從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，常表示一邊…,一邊….如果從句動(dòng)作和主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，并且從句動(dòng)作為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，when，while，as可以互換使用。as,when引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞1.When/While/Asweweredancing,astrangercamein.2.As/whenIstoppedmycar,amancameuptome.3.Asthetimewenton，theweathergotworse.從句表示“隨時(shí)間推移”連詞能用as，不用when或while。注：

當(dāng)主從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后時(shí)，連詞只能用when。當(dāng)我到達(dá)車(chē)站時(shí)，火車(chē)已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。WhenIarrivedatthestation,thetrainhadleft.若動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，根據(jù)動(dòng)作的先后判斷時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)他回來(lái)時(shí)，我會(huì)告訴你的。Whenhecomesback,Iwillletyouknowit.若動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來(lái)，時(shí)態(tài)遵循主將從現(xiàn)。2.until,till肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某時(shí)”，動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的。Islepttillhecalledmeup.我一直睡到他給我打電話(huà)。否定形式表達(dá)的意思是“直至某時(shí)才做某事”,動(dòng)詞常為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。Ididn’tgotosleepuntilhecalledmeup.直到他給我打電話(huà)，我才去睡覺(jué)。till，until的區(qū)別Islepttillhecalledmeup.Ididn’tgotosleepuntilhecalledmeup.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)表示肯定時(shí)，till和until可以互換，但主語(yǔ)表示否定時(shí)，只能用until。Islepttillhecalledmeup.Ididn’tgotosleepuntilhecalledmeup.untilhecalledmeup,Ididn’tgotosleep.until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首在not…until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，可以將notuntil提至句首，句子發(fā)生倒轉(zhuǎn)。Ididn’tgotosleepuntilhecalledmeup.Ididnotgotosleepuntilhecalledmeup.Notuntilhecalledmeup

didIgotosleep.Notuntiltheworkisdonewillhegohome.Hewon’tgohomeuntiltheworkisdone.當(dāng)notuntil提至句首，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。3.before,afterbefore,after連接主從句時(shí)，主從句的動(dòng)作有明顯的先后順序。如果動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，注意看下面的句子。在我看完電視后，我就去睡覺(jué)了。AfterIhadwatchedTV,Iwenttobed.在我睡覺(jué)前，我看完了電視。BeforeIwenttobed,IhadwatchedTV.

AfterIhadwatchedTV,Iwenttobed.當(dāng)after表示先后順序時(shí)，after后的從句表示先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，時(shí)態(tài)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；主句則表示后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，時(shí)態(tài)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。BeforeIwenttobed,IhadwatchedTV.

當(dāng)before表示先后順序時(shí)，before后的從句表示后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，時(shí)態(tài)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；主句則表示先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，時(shí)態(tài)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。4.sincesince引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)相對(duì)比較單一。自從來(lái)到中國(guó)，他在中國(guó)生活了10年了。SincehecametoChina,hehaslivedherefor10years.自她聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息以來(lái)就一直不開(kāi)興。Hehas

beenunhappysinceheheardthenews.since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句時(shí)態(tài)常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句時(shí)態(tài)常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。since作為連詞常見(jiàn)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)。Itis時(shí)間段since一般過(guò)去時(shí)從句Ithasbeen時(shí)間段since一般過(guò)去時(shí)從句自過(guò)去發(fā)生某事到現(xiàn)在有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。自上次見(jiàn)到你已經(jīng)有10年了。Itis10yearssinceImetyoulasttime.Ithasbeen10yearssinceImetyoulasttime.5.hardly…when…nosooner…than…assoonas

一個(gè)動(dòng)作剛結(jié)束，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作就發(fā)生了。這個(gè)三個(gè)詞所表示的動(dòng)作常常有先后順序。Tom一吃完午飯就去玩游戲了。AssoonasTomhadhadlunch,heplayedgames.Tomhad

hardly

hadlunchwhenheplayedgames.Tomhadnosoonerhadlunchthanheplayedgames.他們一完成工作就去休息了。Theyhadnosoonerfinishedtheworkthantheytookarest.Theyhadhardlyfinishedtheworkwhentheytookarest.Assoonastheyhadfinishedthework,theytookarest.當(dāng)hardly，nosooner位于句首時(shí)，句子主句發(fā)生半倒轉(zhuǎn)。Theyhadnosoonerfinishedtheworkthantheytookarest.Theyhadhardlyfinishedtheworkwhentheytookarest.Nosoonerhadtheyfinishedtheworkthantheytookarest.

Hardlyhadtheyfinishedtheworkwhentheytookarest.注：以下連詞需要注意的時(shí)態(tài)when,as,until,till,before,after，assoonas當(dāng)主從句的動(dòng)作未發(fā)生(發(fā)生在將來(lái))，時(shí)態(tài)常用主將從現(xiàn)。當(dāng)你遇到他時(shí)，他會(huì)告訴你真相。Whenyoumeet

him,hewilltellyouthetruth.隨著夏天的到來(lái)，天氣會(huì)越來(lái)越熱。Assummercomes,itwillbehotterandhotter.以下連詞需要注意的時(shí)態(tài)when,as,until,till,當(dāng)主從句的動(dòng)作表示經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，主從句時(shí)態(tài)常用主現(xiàn)從現(xiàn)。每當(dāng)我遇到Tom，他總是很開(kāi)心。WhenImeetTom,heisalwayshappy.他每晚完成作業(yè)后才去睡覺(jué)。Hedoesn’tgotobeduntilhefinishestheworkeverynight.

原因狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句在這兩種狀語(yǔ)從句中，主從句之間的關(guān)系表示因果關(guān)系。有時(shí)這兩種從句可以相互轉(zhuǎn)化。原因狀語(yǔ)從句:從句說(shuō)明主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的原因。because,as,sincebecause表示直接原因，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，最適合回答why引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句。IdoitbecauseIlikeit.Wewentbybusbecauseitwascheaper.since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、顯然的理由(通常被翻譯成“既然”)，語(yǔ)氣比because弱。Sinceyouarefreetoday,youhadbetterhelpmewithmymathematics.Sinceyoudon'ttrusthim,youshouldnotemployhim.Sinceyouaregrownup,youshouldnotrelyonyourparents.as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)表示附帶說(shuō)明的“雙方已知的原因”，含有對(duì)比說(shuō)明的意味，語(yǔ)氣比since弱，較為正式，位置較為靈活(常放于主句之前)。Asitisraining,you’dbettertakeataxi.Asyouaretired,youhadbetterrest.Iwenttobedearly,asIwasexhausted.for連接的是并列句，不是復(fù)合句。表示前后句之間的關(guān)系是原因關(guān)系，只提供一些輔助性的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。Hecouldnothaveseenme,forIwasnotthere.Heseldomgoesoutnow,forheisveryold.whatfor也可以用來(lái)提問(wèn)原因結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句：從句說(shuō)明主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的結(jié)果。so…that…(如此…以致…)such…that…(如此…以致…)Theyaresuchfineteachersthatweallholdthemingreatrespect.Hespeakssofastthatnoonecancatchhim.1)so+形/副+that從句①Theboyissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool.②Hespeakssofastthatnoonecancatchhim.2)so+many/few（+復(fù)名）+that從句Therearesomanypicture-storybooksthattheboywon'tleave.3)so+much/little（+不可數(shù)名詞）+that從句Hegavemesolittletimethatitwasimpossibleformetofinishtheworkontime.4)so+形+a/an+單名+that從句Itwassohotadaythattheywantedtogoswimming.1)such+a/an+形+單名+that從句Heissuchayoungboythathecan'tgotoschool.2)such+形+復(fù)名/不可數(shù)名詞+that從句

①Theyaresuchfineteachersthatweallholdthemingreatrespect.②ItissuchniceweatherthatIwouldliketogotothebeach.3)sucha/an單名+that從句HeissuchamanthatIdon’twanttoseehimagain.4)such可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)that從句Hegotsuchsuccessthathewasveryexcited.兩種狀語(yǔ)從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)化Hespeakssofastthatnoonecancatchhim.Becausehespeakssofast,noonecancatchhim.ItissuchniceweatherthatIwouldliketogotothebeach.Becauseitissuchniceweather,Iwouldliketogotothebeach.Becausetheboywastired,hefellasleepquickly.Theboywassotiredthathefellasleepquickly.Becausehemadeastupidmistake,hecouldnotforgivehimself.Hemadesuchastupidmistakethathecouldnotforgivehimself.原因狀語(yǔ)從句和并列句的轉(zhuǎn)化Hedidn’tcometoworkbecausehehadabadcold.表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞：for(原因),so(結(jié)果)Hedidn’tcometowork,forhehadabadcold.Hehadabadcold,sohedidn’tcometowork.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句和簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)化so…that(從句為肯定句)=…形/副+enough+(forsb.)todosth.Heissooldthathecangotoschoolalone.=Heisoldenoughtogotoschoolalone.ThequestionissoeasythatIcandoit.=Thequestioniseasyenoughformetodo.當(dāng)主從句主句不一致時(shí)，為了說(shuō)明todo動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，常在todo前for

sb.so…that(從句為否定句)=…too+形/副+(forsb.)todosth.TheproblemissohardthatIcan’tworkitout.=Theproblemistoohardformetoworkout.=Theproblemisn’teasyenoughformetoworkout.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：主從句關(guān)系表轉(zhuǎn)折。常用引導(dǎo)詞:although,though,evenif,eventhough.nomatter+疑問(wèn)詞=疑問(wèn)詞-ever(無(wú)論…)即便他不知道該如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，他還是嘗試了。Although

hedidn’tknowhowtosolvetheproblem,hetried.無(wú)論你去哪里，我都會(huì)找到你。Nomatterwhereyougo,Iwillfindyou.Whereveryougo,Iwillfindyou.although/though不可與but連用(二者只選其一)，但可與still/yet連用。盡管他年齡大了，但依然很強(qiáng)壯。Although/Thoughheisveryold,heisstillstrong.Heisveryold,butheisstrong.在時(shí)態(tài)上要保持一致。無(wú)論發(fā)生什