Exchange Server 2010 存儲(chǔ)的配置實(shí)用

1MicrosoftConfidentialExchange2010的基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)MailboxServerExchangeServer2010的高可用性連續(xù)復(fù)制的技術(shù)的進(jìn)化比傳統(tǒng)的群集更容易部署和管理允許每個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫最多16個(gè)拷貝在最少兩臺(tái)服務(wù)器上提供所有的Exchange角色的冗余單一平臺(tái)上實(shí)現(xiàn)郵箱高可用性和災(zāi)備DB1DB3DB2DB4DB5RecoverquicklyfromdiskanddatabasefailuresMailboxServerDB1DB2DB4DB5DB3MailboxServerDB1DB2DB4DB5DB3Replicatedatabasestoremotedatacenter北京上海2MicrosoftConfidentialExchangeServer2010高可用性架構(gòu)DB2DB3DB2DB3DB4DB4DB5CAS/HUBMailboxServer1MailboxServer2MailboxServer3MailboxServer6MailboxServer4ADsite:上海

ADsite:北京MailboxServer5DB5DB2DB3DB4DB5DB1DB3DB5DB1DB1DB1DB1DatabaseAvailabilityGroup(DAG)3MicrosoftConfidentialExchangeServer2007存儲(chǔ)背景在ExchangeServer2007中的重大創(chuàng)新減少磁盤讀寫

(I/O)(70%)使用更大的內(nèi)存

(64bit)增加頁面大小

(4kilobyte(KB)->8KB)更低的存儲(chǔ)成本支持更大的郵箱

(>1gigabyte(GB))提供更快的查找連續(xù)復(fù)制

(logshipping)高可用性

(HA)和快速恢復(fù)消除單點(diǎn)故障點(diǎn)4MicrosoftConfidential磁盤技術(shù)的未來磁盤的容量將繼續(xù)增大面密度增加使得順序吞吐量線性增長

(2010SATA=250megabytes(MB)/sec)隨機(jī)

I/O性能并沒有像預(yù)計(jì)的那樣增長（轉(zhuǎn)速保持在15K）SATA(3.5")200620102013DriveCapacity(GB)7502,0008,000RPM7.2K7.2K10kTransferRate(Mb/sec)9302,0005,000ReadSeekTime(ms)87.26.5FC/SAS(3.5”)200620102013DriveCapacity(GB)3006002,400RPM15K15K15KTransferRate(Mb/sec)9752,0004,000ReadSeekTime(ms)3.73.32.85MicrosoftConfidential隨機(jī)vs.順序磁盤IO隨機(jī)

IO磁頭為了下一次的IO必須進(jìn)行移動(dòng)磁頭移動(dòng)=高

IO延遲尋道延遲限制了IO(IOPS)順序lIO磁頭不需要為下一次IO移動(dòng)不動(dòng)的磁頭=低

IO延遲磁盤轉(zhuǎn)速

RPM限制了I/O(IOPS)磁頭7.2KSATADisk(20msLatency)隨機(jī)

=50IOPS順序

=+300IOPS6MicrosoftConfidentialExchangeServer2010存儲(chǔ)特性IO減少順序IO更大,更快,更低成本的郵箱SATA/Tier2磁盤優(yōu)化存儲(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)更靈活無RAID存儲(chǔ)

(JBOD)7MicrosoftConfidentialIO減少:存儲(chǔ)架構(gòu)改變?nèi)绾螐碾S機(jī)IO轉(zhuǎn)向順序IO元素ExchangeServer2007ExchangeServer2010物理連續(xù)性(ESE)子頁的貧乏的物理性能—因此更多，更小，IOs(每頁1個(gè))子頁的優(yōu)秀物理性能—因此更少，更大，IOs,分配到

N頁

(N≈100)邏輯連續(xù)性(Store)每個(gè)文件夾的頭保存在分別的表中—更多，更小，IOs延伸到更多的表一整個(gè)郵箱的頭放在單一的表中—因此更少，更大，

IOs在每張表上暫時(shí)連續(xù)性(View)當(dāng)郵件到達(dá)的時(shí)候所有的仕途和索引都要更新—更多，更小，IOs延伸很多次視圖和索引只是在被用戶訪問的時(shí)候才更新—因此更少，更大，IOs可以被一起作8MicrosoftConfidential

存儲(chǔ)架構(gòu)改變:物理連續(xù)性1078B+Tree9245776872721032782193461078B+Tree10791080108110821083345634573458ExchangeServer2007ExchangeServer2010更多,更小,IOs(1per8Kpage)更少,更大,連續(xù)

IOsDBpages(pagenumbers)9MicrosoftConfidential存儲(chǔ)架構(gòu)改變:邏輯連續(xù)性ExchangeServer2007ExchangeServer2010收件箱M1日歷M3草稿M5任務(wù)M4已刪郵件M2Mailbox已刪除郵件M1日歷M2草稿M3任務(wù)M4收件箱M5Mailbox隨機(jī)順序10MicrosoftConfidential更多,更小,IOs更少,更大,連續(xù)

IOsExchange2007Exchange2010Many,random,IOs(1perupdate)Fewer,sequential,IOs(1perview)所有未讀或標(biāo)記的項(xiàng)目

(view)TimeM1arrivesM2arrivesM1flaggedM3arrivesM2deletedUserusesOWA/OutlookOnlineandswitchestothisview所有未讀或標(biāo)記的項(xiàng)目

(view)M1M2M1M3M2M1M2M1M3M2Nickel&DimeApproachPaytoPlayApproachDBI/O存儲(chǔ)架構(gòu)改變:延遲視圖更新IO減少:ESE（可擴(kuò)展存儲(chǔ)引擎）

改變?yōu)樾碌募軜?gòu)而作的改變以連續(xù)的方式定位數(shù)據(jù)庫空間

實(shí)時(shí)維護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)庫的連續(xù)

(在線碎片整理和重建)優(yōu)化空間的有效性(數(shù)據(jù)庫壓縮)增加數(shù)據(jù)庫(DB)的IO大小DB頁面大小從8kilobyte(KB)增加到

32KB增強(qiáng)了讀/寫的IO聯(lián)合(間隙聯(lián)合)提供增強(qiáng)的異步讀能力

(預(yù)讀)增強(qiáng)緩存的有效性

(milestone=R4)100megabyte(MB)檢查點(diǎn)深度(只有HA配置)緩存壓縮

DB緩存優(yōu)先級(jí)(快速收回)12MicrosoftConfidentialIO減少:基于連續(xù)分配空間數(shù)據(jù)庫表空間分配定位數(shù)據(jù)庫空間要么基于數(shù)據(jù)緊湊要么數(shù)據(jù)連續(xù)

Page1UsedPagePage3UsedPage磁盤DB緩存PageXMsgHeaderPageYMsgHeaderPageZEventHistory連續(xù)空間連續(xù)空間緊湊Page4MsgHeaderPage5MsgHeaderPage2EventHistory順序/連續(xù)隨機(jī)/緊湊13MicrosoftConfidentialIO減少:實(shí)時(shí)維護(hù)連續(xù)性新數(shù)據(jù)庫維護(hù)架構(gòu)NewDatabaseMaintenanceArchitecture:ESEFunctionExchangeServer2007ServicePack1(SP1)ExchangeServer2010(Beta)清理

(刪除郵件/郵箱)清理在OnlineDefrag(OLD)的時(shí)候進(jìn)行，清理在運(yùn)行時(shí)進(jìn)行(當(dāng)硬刪除發(fā)生時(shí))—在Storedumpstercleanup(OLM)時(shí)執(zhí)行,頁面缺省被清零數(shù)據(jù)庫

B+Tree碎片整理

(akaOLD2):后臺(tái)受控制的進(jìn)程進(jìn)行空間和數(shù)據(jù)庫表連續(xù)性的維護(hù)空間壓縮

(刪除郵件/郵箱)在OnlineDefrag(OLD)時(shí)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)庫壓縮和空間釋放數(shù)據(jù)庫壓縮和空間釋放在運(yùn)行時(shí)進(jìn)行–自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)維護(hù)連續(xù)性

(碎片整理)不可用:數(shù)據(jù)壓縮造成連續(xù)性變差數(shù)據(jù)庫在運(yùn)行時(shí)進(jìn)行連續(xù)性和空間分析，并在后臺(tái)

(B+TreeDefrag/OLD2)進(jìn)行碎片整理—自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)14MicrosoftConfidentialIO減少:數(shù)據(jù)庫連續(xù)性結(jié)果ExchangeServer2007MessageHeaderTable(akaMFT)ExchangeServer2010MessageHeaderTable(akaMsgHeader)Blue=contiguous(good)Red=fragmented(bad)*Production/DogfooddatabaseanalysisRandomdeletesatthetailFRAGMENTEDCONTIGUOUSDBPageNumbers15MicrosoftConfidentialIO減少:數(shù)據(jù)庫頁面大小增加到32KBPage1MsgHeaderPage2XPage3MsgBodyDiskPage4XPage5MsgBodyDBCachePage1MsgHeaderPage3MsgBodyPage5MsgBody3個(gè)讀

IO’sPage1(32KB)MsgHeader,MsgBodyDiskDBCache1讀

IOExchangeServer2007DB讀20KB郵件ExchangeServer2010DB讀20KB郵件8KBPages32KBPagesPage2(32KB)XPage1(32KB)MsgHeader,MsgBody16MicrosoftConfidentialIO減少:讀IO間隙聯(lián)合Page1MsgHeaderPage2XPage3MsgBodyDiskPage4XPage5MsgBodyExchangeServer2007DB讀行為ExchangeServer2010DB讀行為DBCachePage1MsgHeaderPage3MsgBodyPage5MsgBody3ReadIO’sPage1MsgHeaderPage2XPage3MsgBodyDiskPage4XPage5MsgBodyDBCachePage1MsgHeaderPage3MsgBodyPage5MsgBodyPage2TempBufferPage4TempBuffer1ReadIO17MicrosoftConfidentialIO減少:寫IO間隙聯(lián)合Page1DirtyPage2CleanPage3DirtyDiskPage4CleanPage5DirtyExchangeServer2007DB寫行為3WriteIO’sPage1DirtyPage2CleanPage3DirtyDiskPage4CleanPage5DirtyExchangeServer2010DB寫行為1WriteIODBCacheDBCacheWritesspacedoutovertime18MicrosoftConfidential減緩數(shù)據(jù)庫空間增長:數(shù)據(jù)庫壓縮問題:

存儲(chǔ)架構(gòu)的改變,空間提示,B+Tree碎片整理和

32KB頁面大小，合在一起使得數(shù)據(jù)庫文件大小增加了解決方案:所有的增長都通過數(shù)據(jù)庫壓縮消除了主要針對(duì)郵件頭和文本/HTML的郵件正文

(7bit/Express)19MicrosoftConfidentialIO減少:100MB檢查點(diǎn)深度檢查點(diǎn)深度=還沒有被提交到數(shù)據(jù)庫(edb)的內(nèi)容ExchangeServer2010缺省的最大檢查點(diǎn)深度對(duì)于高可用的數(shù)據(jù)庫來說從20M增加到100M(獨(dú)立服務(wù)器仍然是20MB)深度檢查點(diǎn)的好處=更有效的數(shù)據(jù)庫寫操作

(減少40%)深度檢查點(diǎn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)=很長的數(shù)據(jù)庫宕機(jī)時(shí)間，很長的恢復(fù)時(shí)間降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn):并行關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫,數(shù)據(jù)庫損壞的時(shí)候進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)移LoadgenTest:3000Mailbox,12DB,Outlook2007OnlineVeryHeavyProfile20MicrosoftConfidentialIO減少:都在哪些地方作了減少+70%Reduction!3000Mailboxes,3MBDBCache/user,LoadgenOutlook2007OnlineVeryHeavyProfile,250MBMailboxSize(build405)21MicrosoftConfidentialExchangeIO趨勢(shì)+90%Reduction!22MicrosoftConfidentialExchangeServer2010HA存儲(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)靈活性23SANDAS(SAS)JBOD(SATA)HA=CCR.33IOPS/Mailbox2.5”146GB10KSASDisksRAID5forDBRAID10forLogsSASArrayController(/wBBU)Backup=VSSSnapshotFastRecovery=CCRHA=DAG(2DBcopies).11IOPS/Mailbox3.5”2TB7.2KSATA/SASDisksRAID10forDB&LogsSASArrayController(/wBBU)Backup=Optional/VSSFastRecovery=DatabaseFailoverDAS(SATA)HA=DAG(3+DBcopies).11IOPS/Mailbox3.5”2TB7.2KSATA/SASDisks1DB=1DiskSASArrayController(/wBBU)Backup=Optional/VSSFastRecovery=DatabaseFailoverMoreoptionstoreducestoragecostHA=SharedStorageClustering+1.0IOPS/Mailbox3.5”15K146GBFCDisksRAID10forDB&LogsDedicatedSpindlesMulti-path(HBA’s,FCSwitches,SANarraycontrollers)Backup=StreamingoffactiveFastRecovery=HardwareVSS(Snap