漢譯英增詞和減詞

增譯法和減譯法AmplificationandOmission

教學(xué)目的要求：在漢譯英中能熟練使用增詞法和減詞法的翻譯技巧。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：增詞法和減詞法（代詞和連詞）教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：漢語(yǔ)排比句的翻譯，使用減詞法。

一、為了保證語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的完整：代詞：漢語(yǔ)中有許多沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)的句子，英語(yǔ)則一般需要主語(yǔ)。另外漢語(yǔ)中很多名詞前都沒(méi)有代詞，需要增補(bǔ)。1．大作收到，十分高興。Iamverygladtohavereceivedyourwriting.2．沒(méi)有調(diào)查就沒(méi)有發(fā)言權(quán)。Hewhomakesnoinvestigationandstudyhasnorighttospeak.

3．把這些故事看完以后，用你自己的話講一遍。Afteryouhavereadthesestories,telltheminyourownwords.

4．

我們響應(yīng)了祖國(guó)的號(hào)召。Werespondedtothecallofourmotherland.5．她用手蒙住臉，好象是為了保護(hù)眼睛。Shecoveredherfacewithherhands,asiftoprotecthereyes.

6.孩子們天天帶午飯到學(xué)校去吃。Thechildrentaketheirlunchtoschooleveryday.

7．

我們的心永遠(yuǎn)向著祖國(guó)。Ourheartsarealwaystowardsourmotherland.

連詞：漢語(yǔ)重意合，英語(yǔ)重形合，把漢語(yǔ)翻譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí)，要適當(dāng)增加連詞。1.虛心使人進(jìn)步，驕傲使人落后。Modestyhelpsonetogoforward,whereasconceitmakesonelagbehind.2．留得青山在，不怕沒(méi)柴燒。Solongasgreenhillsremain,therewillneverbeashortageoffirewood.

3．村里的男女老少都喜歡那個(gè)小超市買東西。Menandwomen,oldandyounginthevillage,alllikedshoppinginthatsmallsupermarket.4．我媽媽來(lái)了，我得回去了。Mymotherhasarrived,soIhavetoleavenow.5．送君千里，終有一別。Althoughyoumayescortaguestathousandmiles,yetmustthepartingcomeatlast.

介詞：英語(yǔ)中的介詞比漢語(yǔ)中活躍得多。1．我們應(yīng)該逐步消滅城鄉(xiāng)差別。Weshouldtrytoeliminatethedifferencesbetweentownandcountry.2．

你白天還是晚上飛廣州？DoyouflytoGuangzhouinthedaytimeoratnight?3．

那我們山腳見(jiàn)吧。Let’smeetatthefootofthehill.增補(bǔ)冠詞漢語(yǔ)里無(wú)冠詞。有冠詞是英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)之一，名詞前一般都有冠詞，漢譯英時(shí)要增補(bǔ)冠詞。

她不把他當(dāng)阿公，而當(dāng)作親爹。Sheconsideredhimnotafather-in-lawbutafather.我們對(duì)問(wèn)題要作全面的分析，才能解決得妥當(dāng)。Wemustmakeacomprehensiveanalysisofproblembeforeitcanbeproperlysolved.

二、為了保證譯文意思更加明確。文中暗含的意思：1．大家都知道朝鮮戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)是艱苦些。EveryoneknowsthatlifeontheKoreanbattlefieldwasratherhard.2．要提倡顧全大局。Weshouldadvocatethespiritoftakingthewholesituationintoconsideration.

添加注釋性的詞語(yǔ)：

1．班門弄斧Showoffone’sproficiencywiththeaxebeforeLuban,themastercarpenter.Showoffone’sskillswiththeaxebeforeanexpertcarpenter.2．三個(gè)臭皮匠，合成一個(gè)諸葛亮。ThreecobblerswiththeirwitscombinedequalZhugeLiangthemastermind.

3.這對(duì)年輕夫婦并不相配，一個(gè)是西施，一個(gè)是張飛。

Thisyoungcoupleisnotwell-matched,oneisaXishi,--afamousChinesebeauty,whiletheotherisaZhangfei—awell-knownill-temperedbrute.4.濫竽充數(shù)：pretendtoplaytheyu(anancientmusicalinstrument)andretainone’spositionintheorchestra;(ofincompetentpeopleorinferiorgoods)betherejusttomakeupthenumber增加概括性的詞語(yǔ)

1.結(jié)婚大辦酒席，實(shí)在可以免去了。Thepracticeofgivinglavishfeastsatweddingscanwellbedispensedwith.2.也許您忘記了７月份的購(gòu)貨帳還沒(méi)有結(jié)算。PerhapsyouhaveoverlookedthefactthatyouraccountforJulypurchaseshasnotyetbeensettled.Omission一、省譯漢語(yǔ)中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)1我們要忠于黨、忠于人民、忠于祖國(guó)。Weshouldbeloyaltoourparty,toourpeopleandtoourmotherland.

2．我們必須堅(jiān)持社會(huì)主義道路，堅(jiān)持人民民主專政，堅(jiān)持共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，堅(jiān)持馬列主義和毛澤東思想。Wemustadheretothesocialistroad,thepeople’sdemocraticdictatorship,theCommunistParty’sleadershipandMarxism-LeninismandMaoZedongThought.3.質(zhì)子帶正電，電子帶負(fù)電，而中子既不帶正電，也不帶負(fù)電。Aprotonhasapositivechargeandanelectronanegativecharge,butaneutronhasneither.

4.郭末若同志曾說(shuō)：“中國(guó)人民歷來(lái)是勇于探索、勇于創(chuàng)造、勇于革命的?！盋omradeGuoMoruooncesaid,“ThepeopleofChinahavealwaysbeencourageousenoughtoprobeintothings,tomakeinventionsandtomakerevolution.”ComradeGuoMoruooncesaid,“ThepeopleofChinahavealwaysbeencourageousinexploration,innovationandrevolution.”二、原文中表示范疇的詞：

1.基于伊拉克目前社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩和紛擾不安的局面，中國(guó)駐伊拉克大使館已經(jīng)向德國(guó)訂購(gòu)了兩輛防彈轎車。TheChineseembassyinIraqhasorderedtwobulletproofcarsfromGermanyduetothesocialunrestandupheavalinIraqatpresent.2.在黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，中國(guó)人民已經(jīng)完成了解放事業(yè)。UndertheleadershipoftheParty,theChinesepeoplehavesucceededintheirliberation.三省略可能影響譯文修辭效果的詞語(yǔ)

漢語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)為了語(yǔ)言生動(dòng)，常用具體形象詞語(yǔ)或成語(yǔ)比喻；有時(shí)為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，可連續(xù)使用好幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)，在翻譯這類句子時(shí)，某些詞語(yǔ)往往省譯，譯出主要的和不可缺少的詞語(yǔ)就可以了。例：匪軍所到，殺戮人民，奸淫婦女，焚毀村莊，掠奪財(cái)物，無(wú)所不用其極。Whereverthebandittroopswent,theymassacredandraped,burnedandlooted,andstoppedatnothing.花園里面是人間的樂(lè)園，有的是吃不完的大米白面，穿不完的綾羅綢緞，花不完的金銀財(cái)寶。（周而復(fù)《上海的早晨》）Thegardenwasaparadiseonearth,withmorefoodandclothesthancouldbeconsumedandmoremoneythancouldbespent.

1.

多年來(lái)那個(gè)國(guó)家一直有嚴(yán)重的失業(yè)現(xiàn)象。Formanyyears,therehasbeenseriousunemploymentinthatcountry.2.

這些新型汽車速度快，效率高，行動(dòng)靈活。Thenewcarsarefast,efficientandhandy.

3.

我們不后退，我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有后退過(guò)，我們將來(lái)也決不會(huì)后退。Wewon’tretreat,weneverhaveandneverwill.4Therewasnosnow,buttheleavesweregonefromthetreesandthegrasswasdead.譯文1：天還未還沒(méi)有雪，但是葉子已經(jīng)從樹(shù)上落下，草也枯死了。譯文2：雪還沒(méi)下，但已葉落草枯。5Thetruejoyofjoysisthejoythatjoysinthejoyofothers.6.Itisn’trum