必修4unit2語(yǔ)法和Learning about language(P12)的答案課件

Unit2WorkingthelandLearningaboutlanguage_________brown(skin)fromspendingtoomuchtimeinthesun________tomakesomethingorsomebodyfreeof_________tobecomelargerinsize,numberoramountsunburntrid…ofexpandDiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressions

1Findthewordorphrasefromthetextforeachofthesemeanings.4.________tomakeinformationandideasknowntomanypeople5.____________wouldpreferto6.________totryextremelyhardtoachieversomethingcirculatewould

ratherstruggle7.______tosendthingstoforeigncountriesforsale8.___________pleasedbyhavingwhatonewantsorneeds9.______toprovidewiththingsnecessaryforacertainpurpose10._____plantsgrowninlargeamountsbyfarmers11._________becauseofexportsatisfiedwithequipcropthanks

toAnswerkeyforEx2:1.information:statistics;world:globe2.Strong:super;races:nationalities3.Nothavingenoughfood:hunger;

sickness:disease4.AsmallSoutheastAsiancountry:

Vietnam;jobs:occupations5.Openconditions:freedom

soldandsentabroad:exported3Completethepassagewiththewordsbelowintheirproperforms.disturbingexpandoutputstrugglebattlesgraincropsdecadeequipIn

thepast_______,someofthefarmersinthewestofChinahavemetwithsomesuccessinthe________againstthe__________desert._________withnewscientificfarmingmethods,decadestruggleexpandingEquippedtheyhavebeenabletouselessfarmlandthaninthepast.Their______of_____andother______,however,isstillthesame,whichmakesitpossibleforthemtousetheremainingfarmlandforplantingtrees.Theseandotherfarmersarestartingtowinsmall______inthegreatwaragainstthe__________growthofthedesert.outputgraincropsbattlesdisturbingThe–ingformastheSubjectandObjectGrammarHaveyoueverseenthesesigns?parking,spitting,littering,smoking-ingforms1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式的構(gòu)成:是在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ing形式構(gòu)成,因此又叫動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。如:do-doing,be-being,ask-asking,etc.否定形式:not+-ing構(gòu)成2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ),還有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。3.動(dòng)詞-ing形式由動(dòng)詞加-ing變化而成,它同時(shí)具有名詞和動(dòng)詞的特征,在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)表示經(jīng)常的、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。如：Walkingisagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.無(wú)論對(duì)年輕人和老年人來(lái)講,走路是一種很好的鍛煉。Watching

newsonTVhasbecomearoutineforme.在電視上看新聞已經(jīng)成了我的一種日常習(xí)慣。Going

to

Hangzhoubytraintakesabout16hours.乘火車(chē)去杭州要16個(gè)小時(shí)。Asking

awoman’sageisimpoliteinourcountry.在我們國(guó)家問(wèn)一個(gè)女人的年齡是不禮貌的。

2.-ing形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常后置,此時(shí)須用it作形式主語(yǔ),用形容詞或名詞作表語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)有:nouse,nogood,fun,hardwork,ahard/difficultjob,awasteoftime等;形容詞有:dangerous,worthwhile,useless等。如:It’snousemakinganexcuseforthis.為這件事找借口是沒(méi)有用的。It’sawasteoftimetalkingaboutsuchauselessthing.談?wù)撨@樣無(wú)用的事情簡(jiǎn)直是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。It’sdangerousswimmingintheseaonwindydays.有風(fēng)的天氣在海里游泳是危險(xiǎn)的。Itisworthwhilediscussingthequestion.這個(gè)問(wèn)題值得討論。3.在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ),這種結(jié)構(gòu)的意思相當(dāng)于“Itisimpossibletodo…”。如：若要人不知,除非己莫為。Thereisnohidingofevilbutnottodoit．這種事開(kāi)不得玩笑。Hereisnojokingaboutsuchmatter.無(wú)法知道他什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)Therewasnoknowingwhenhewouldleave.動(dòng)名詞與不定式做主語(yǔ)時(shí)的比較：動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作通常是一個(gè)泛指的動(dòng)作,不定式則通常表示具體的動(dòng)作。如：還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)侯,她就覺(jué)得探視病人是一種責(zé)任,也是一種愉悅。Asachild,shefeltthatvisitingsickpeople

wasadutyandapleasure．到美國(guó)人家里做客對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)將是一個(gè)極好的經(jīng)歷。Being

aguestinanAmericanhomewillbeagoodexperienceforme.一直不做就是作惡。

Doingnothingisdoingill．他說(shuō):“繼續(xù)這樣下去是無(wú)用的?！盚esaid,“To

go

on

like

thisisnouse.”我很榮幸被邀請(qǐng)參加這個(gè)晚會(huì)。It’sanhonorformeto

be

invitedtotheparty．歸納:常用-ing形式作主語(yǔ)的句型有：It+be+awasteoftimedoing

做……是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的Itis/wasnogood/usedoing

做……是沒(méi)用處的Itis/washardly/scarcelyworthdoing

做……不值得Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing

做……是值得的Thereisnodoing

無(wú)法……;不允許……Thereisnosenseindoing做…沒(méi)有道理Thereis/wasnousedoing干…無(wú)意義Thereis/wasnothingworsethandoing沒(méi)有比…更糟的Thereis/wasnopointdoing干…無(wú)意義我們不知道要去哪兒。Therewasnoknowingwherewewouldgo.做這件傻事毫無(wú)意義。Thereisnopoint

doing

suchasillything.注意:Thereisnoneedtodosth干……沒(méi)必要,在此句式中todo不可換為doing.沒(méi)有必要告訴她。Thereisnoneedtotellher.提示:當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)由形容詞性物主代詞和名詞所有格構(gòu)成。我姐姐病了,使我很擔(dān)心。Mysister’sbeingillmademeworried.你正確未必就意味著我錯(cuò)了。Yourbeingrightdoesn’tnecessarilymeanmybeingwrong.二、動(dòng)名詞用作賓語(yǔ)

動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)有兩種情況。1.只能后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,常見(jiàn)的有avoid,consider,enjoy,keep,finish,suggest,dislike,delay,escape,cannothelp,imagine,mind,miss,practise,cannotstand等。如：我不能不去。Ican’tavoidgoing．你是否考慮過(guò)找一位摯友?Haveyouconsidered

looking

foronespecialfriend?我們必須設(shè)法避免犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。Wemusttrytoavoidrepeatingthesamemistake．晚飯后你想和我一起散步嗎?Doyoufeel

like

havingawalkwithmeaftersupper?人們?nèi)滩蛔〕靶δ莻€(gè)愚蠢的人。Peoplecouldn’t

help

laughingfoolishman．

這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞還有:excuse,fancy,giveup,putoff,risk,insiston,lookforward,feellike等。2.既可接動(dòng)名詞又可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,常見(jiàn)的有:begin,start,continue,like,love,prefer,by,mean,forget，remember,hate等。在like,love,hate,prefer等動(dòng)詞之后，用-ing或不定式意義上沒(méi)有什么不同,只是側(cè)重點(diǎn)有些不同,動(dòng)名詞表示泛指的動(dòng)作,不定式表示具體的一次性動(dòng)作。B.在begin/start,continue之后,用動(dòng)名詞和不定式,意義無(wú)甚區(qū)別,尤其是當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人的時(shí)候。

C.在動(dòng)詞forget,remember,regret之后,用動(dòng)名詞與不定式意義不同。動(dòng)名詞表示動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生,不定式表示后于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作,

如：我記得我已把信寄了。Irememberpostingtheletter．我會(huì)記著去寄信的。I’llremember

to

posttheletter．我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記見(jiàn)到過(guò)那位著名作家。Ishallneverforget

seeingthefamouswriter．不要忘了給你母親寫(xiě)信。Don’tforget

to

writetoyourmother．我真后悔沒(méi)趕上那次報(bào)告會(huì)。Iregret

missingthereport．我遺憾地告訴你我不能接受你的建議。Iregret

to

sayIcan’ttakeyouradvice．D.在try,mean之后,意義各不相同,如trytodo(設(shè)法),trydoing(試試),meantodo(打算,有意要做),meandoing(意思是,意味著)。如:我們必須設(shè)法及時(shí)把一切搞好。Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneintime．我們用別的方法做這工作試試。Let’stry

doingtheworkinginsomeotherway．我并不想叫你生氣。Ididn’tmean

to

makeyouangry．你的計(jì)劃意味著要花費(fèi)幾個(gè)小時(shí)。Yourplanwouldmean

spendinghours．

E.動(dòng)詞need,require,want意為“需要”時(shí)，后跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式或不定式的被動(dòng)式作賓語(yǔ)，意義沒(méi)有區(qū)別。如：Thewindowneeds／requires／wantscleaning／tobecleaned．F.goondoing和goontodogoondoing繼續(xù)做一直在做的事;goontodo接著做另一件事。如：請(qǐng)接著做這同一個(gè)練習(xí)。Pleasegoondoingthesameexercise．請(qǐng)做另外一個(gè)練習(xí)。Pleasego

on

to

dotheotherexercise．F.stopdoing與stoptodo:Stopdoing停止做，stoptodo停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如:我們停止了交談。Westopped

talking．我們停了下來(lái)去談話。Westopped

to

talk．goondoing繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事goontodo接著做另一件事

meandoing意味著要做某事meantodo想要做某事stopdoing停止做某事stoptodo停下來(lái)(別的事)開(kāi)始做某事trydoing試著做某事trytodo努力做某事beusedtodoing習(xí)慣于做某事

beusedtodo被用來(lái)做某事can'thelpdoing禁不住做某事can'thelptodo不能幫助做某事3.作介詞賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞可與介詞一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。A.介詞+動(dòng)名詞,

如：我們得想些法子改變?nèi)藗兊牧?xí)慣。We’vegottothinkofwaysofchanging

people’shabits.我向你道歉,剛才對(duì)你那樣生氣。Iapologizefor

beingsoangrywithyou.離開(kāi)幾年之后再回到你的家鄉(xiāng),感覺(jué)有點(diǎn)怪。After

beingawayforseveralyears,itisastrangeexperiencetoreturntothehometown.B.動(dòng)詞+介詞+動(dòng)名詞,如：我堅(jiān)持為這次出行帶足需要的食物。Iinsistontakingproperfoodforthisexpedition．同學(xué)們臉上沒(méi)有笑容,相反都做了怪臉。Instead

of

smiling,eachofthemmadeaface．她對(duì)為我們公司工作很感興趣。Shewasveryinterestedinworkingforourcompany．下列短語(yǔ)中的to都是介詞,所以后面跟名詞或-ing形式:devoteto,objectto,payattentionto,getdownto,leadto,lookforwardto,stickto,beusedto等。1.Ifyoucankeep________(read)Englishnewspapers,yourEnglishwillbeimproved.2.Hehaspromised__________(come)tomybirthdayparty.3.Ihate_________________(tell)lies!4.Iwillneverforget__________(go)toBeijingwithhimlastsummer.Iforgot________(tell)herthenews;sosheknewnothingaboutit.Completethesesentences:readingto

cometelling/to

tellgoingto

tell—Let'shavearest．—Notnow.Idon’twanttostop__________yet．A.study

B.tostudyC.forstudying

D.studying解析：stopstudying意為“停止學(xué)習(xí)”。練習(xí)—Letmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalists．—Don’tyouremember________methestoryyesterday？A.told

B.tellingC.totell

D.tohavetold解析:remembertellingme意為“記得曾經(jīng)告訴過(guò)我”。1.出國(guó)旅行是很激動(dòng)人心的。2在這兒等是沒(méi)用的,我們走吧。3我記得在哪里見(jiàn)過(guò)他。4我后悔沒(méi)聽(tīng)你的勸告。5幫助別人就是幫助你自己。Travellingabroadisveryexciting.It’snousewaitinghere.Let’sgo.Irememberseeinghersomewhere.Iregretnotfollowingyouradvice.Helpingothersmeanshelpingyourself.Translation

-ingform動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)詞的ing分詞動(dòng)名詞：在句子中起名次作用，可作主，賓，表，定的成分。方法一：Myjobisteaching.Teachingismyjob.Theboyissleeping.Sleepingistheboy.Agirlisdancing.Dancingisthegirl.找出右邊成立的句子。動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞在做表語(yǔ)的時(shí)候：右邊能成立的句子是動(dòng)名詞，不能成立的是現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)（1）動(dòng)名詞Myjobisteaching.=Teachingismyjob.Herfull-timejobislayingeggs.=Layingeggsisherfull-timejob.作表語(yǔ)（2）現(xiàn)在分詞Theplayisexciting.≠Excitingistheplay.Thestoryhetolduswasveryinteresting.≠I(mǎi)nterestingwasthestoryhetoldus.方法二：在做定語(yǔ)的時(shí)候：AdrinkingcupAcupfordrinkingThesleepingboyAboyforsleepingAcookingpanApanforcooking找出右邊意思通順的短語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞右邊意思通順的短語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞，不通順的是現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作。如果是單詞，放在被修飾的名詞前；如果是短語(yǔ)，放就放在被修飾的名詞之后。動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表示性質(zhì)或用途?？偨Y(jié)：1.Allthestaffonourcompanyareconsidering_____tothecitycentreforthefashionshow.(2007年上海春)A．togo B．going C．tohavegone D．havinggone高考鏈接2.Peterreceivedaletterjustnow________hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.（2007年四川卷）A．said B．says C．saying D．tosa