Grammar and usage牛津模塊一第二單元語法

Unit2Unit2LanguageNounclausesintroducedbyquestionwords&PreparatorysubjectitGrammarandusage

Thattheearthisroundisafact.Mrs.Blackwon’tbelievethathersonhasbecomeathief.Myideaisthatweshoulddoitrightnow.Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句I.名詞從句的種類II.Tellthefunctionofthefollowingsentences.

a.subjectb.objectc.predicatived.appositive1.ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupofthreecountriesisstillunknowntomany.d2.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.3.SomepeoplefeelthatWalesisanancientfairyland.4.Thathewillcomeiscertain.5.Theyrealizethatitisofgreatvaluetorecordandteachthemtotheyoungergeneration.6.Whyhediditwasn’tquiteclear.cbbaaWecanusethefollowingquestionwordstointroducenounclauses:

what,which,who/whom,whose,when,where,whyandhow.III.NounClausesintroducedbyquestionwords:Weuseaquestionwordtointroduceanounclause.Theclausecanfunctionasthe

subject,objectorpredicative

ofthesentence.1.Wheredoesapersoncomefrom?Thiswillaffecthisorherstyleofspeech.=Whereapersoncomesfromwillaffect

hisorherstyleofspeech.wh-questionsubject2.WhydoesEnglishhavesuchstrangerules?Youcanbegintoseeit!=YoucanbegintoseeitwhyEnglishhassuchstrange

rules!wh-questionobject3.WhydoesEnglishhavesomanydifficultrulesthatconfusepeople?Thatisthereason.=ThatiswhyEnglishhassomanydifficultrulesthatconfusepeople.wh-questionpredicativeInanounclausethatisintroducedbyaquestionword,wechangethewordorderintothatofastatement.Wecannotleaveoutthequestionwordsinnounclauses.在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語。引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that(that

不可省)，whether；代詞有who，what，which；副詞when，where，how，why等。VI.主語從句e.g.Thattheearthmovesaroundthesuniswellknown.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)是眾所周知的事。Whenandwherehewasbornisaquestion.他何時(shí)何地出生是個(gè)問題。Whetherhewillcomeornotisnotknownyet.他是否回來還不知道。在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語。引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that(that?？墒÷?，whether，if；代詞有who，whose，what，which；副詞when，where，how，why等。VII.賓語從句e.g.Webelieve

(that)

heishonest.我們相信他是誠實(shí)的。Canyoutell

which

dictionaryishers?你能告訴她哪個(gè)字典是她的嗎？Ireallydon’tknow

whatheisdoing.我真的不知道他在干嘛。在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語。引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that(that

不可省)，whether；代詞有who，what，which；副詞when，where，how，why等。VIII.表語從句e.g.Theproblemisthatwedidn’tgetintouchwithhim.問題是我們沒有聯(lián)系上他。ThequestionishowHenrysolvedtheproblem.問題是亨利怎么解決這個(gè)問題的。Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)finishtheworkatonce.他的建議是我們應(yīng)該馬上完成工作。注意：如果句子的主語是suggestion，advice，order等名詞時(shí)，后面引導(dǎo)的表語從句用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略。在句中起同位語的作用。一般放在名詞fact，news，idea，promise，thought，suggestion等之后，用以說明或解釋前面的名詞。引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that；少數(shù)情況下也可用連接副詞等。IX.同位語從句e.g.The

news

that

his

health

is

failing

made

us

sad.

他健康狀況不佳的消息使我們很難過。

I

have

no

idea

where

they

are

spending

their

holidays.

我不知道他們?cè)谀睦锒燃佟?/p>

There

is

no

doubt

that

he

will

come

here

again.他會(huì)再來這里，

這是毫無疑問的。

注意：名詞suggestion，advice，order等詞后的同位語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略。Readthediaryonpage28anddecidewhatsentenceelementeachhighlightednounclauseisinitssentence.Answers:1.______2._______3._______4.______5._______OSPOPReadthearticleonpage29andfillintheblankswithsuitablequestionwords.Answers:1._______2.________3._________4._______5.________6._________7._______8.________whyWhatwhichwhyhowwhoHowWhich1.Doyouremember____hecame?Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.a.howb.whenc.thatd.if2.____we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.a.Ifb.Whetherc.Thatd.WhereabChoosethebestanswer.及時(shí)練3.Askher_____comewithus.a.ifshewillb.ifwillshec.whethershed.whetherwillshe4.____wecan’tunderstandis____hedidn’tjoinusinourdiscussion.a.That;whyb.Which;howc.What;whatd.What;whyadGrammarandusage(2)preparatorysubjectitLookatthefollowingsentencesandfindtherealsubjectofeachsentence.1.Itisimportantforustolearnitwell.2.ItisimportantthatweshouldlearnEnglishwelltoday.3.Itisnousewastingyourtimereadingsuchbooksallday.SometimesinEnglishthesubjectofasentenceisverylong,makingthesentenceawkwardanddifficulttounderstand.Onewayofmakingthesentenceeasiertounderstandistousethepreparatorysubjectit.Withthepreparatorysubjectit,thesubjectismovedtotheendofthesentence,anditisusedinitsplaceatthestartofthesentence.1.WecanuseitasanemptysubjectA.whenweuseanounclauseasthesubjectofasentence.e.g.ThatwewouldnotbeabletounderstandOldEnglishtodayiscertain.=(preferable)ItiscertainthatwewouldnotbeabletounderstandOldEnglishtoday.WhetherEnglishwillkeeponchanginginthefutureiseasytoanswer.=(preferable)ItiseasytoanswerwhetherEnglishwillkeeponchanginginthefuture.

Whenwecansetoffdependsontheweather.=(preferable)Itdependsonweatherwhenwecansetoff.1.It+be+adj.(true,certain,possible,obvious,likely…)that…2.It+be+nounphrase(nowonder,anhonour,apity,…)that…3.It+be+pastparticiple(said,reported,expected,announced…)that…4.It+seems/appearsthat….5.Itdoesn’tmatterthat…it作形式主語的句型:e.g.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisachallengingtask.=(preferable)Itisachallengingtasktomasteraforeignlanguage.

TogainaccesstotheInternetisimportantforus.=(preferable)ItisimportantforustogainaccesstotheInternet.B.whenthesubjectisato-infinitive.C.whenthesubjectisav-ingform.e.g.Itisfunwanderinginthecountryside.=(preferable)Wanderinginthecountrysideisfun.

IttakesupalotofmytimetravellingtoBeijing.=(preferable)TravellingtoBeijingtakesupalotofmytime.2.Itcanalsobeusedbeforeseem,appear,

happen,chance,turnoutand

proveastheemptysubjectofasentence.e.g.Itseemsthatheisenthusiasticaboutdrawing.=Heseemstobeenthusiasticaboutdrawing.Ithappensthatmynewneighbourcomesfrommyhometown.=Mynewneighbourhappenstocomefrommyhometown.3.Weusuallyusethepreparatorysubject

it

withaclauseorto

infinitive(preferable),butwiththeverb-ingformweprefertherealsubjectatthebeginning.

e.g.Itisagoodideatomakeanofficialstatementabouttheincident.=Makinganofficialstatementabouttheincidentisagoodidea.ReadthedialogueonPage31andrewritethesentencesinyellow,usingthepreparatorysubjectit.Answers:2.__________________________________________________________________________________________Itrequiresagoodunderstandingoftheirbehaviourtoknowwhattheymean.3.________________________________________________________________4.________________________________________________________________Italwayspuzzlesmewhymydogbarksincertainways.Itwon’tbedifficulttobuyamachinelikethis.ReadtheletteronPage31andrewritetheunderlinedsentencesusingthepreparatorysubjectit.Answers:2.__________________________________________________________________.IthappensthatseveralracialgroupsliveinSingapore.3.________________________________________________________________________________________________4.________________________________Itisfuntoheardifferentpeoplespeakingdifferentlanguagesallatthesametime.ItiscertainthatI’llseeyounextweek.1.乘宇宙飛船去月球是可能的。Itispossibletoflytothemooninaspaceship.TranslationthesesentencesintoEnglish.2.他似乎已經(jīng)知道問題的答案。Itseemsthathehasknowntheanswertotheproblem.3.我們?cè)谀膬郝爤?bào)告還沒定。Ithasn’tbeendecidedwherewe’lllistentothereport.用that或what完成下列句子。1.______hewantsisabook.2.____hewantstogothereisobvious.

3.Is______hetoldustrue?4.Weshouldpayattentionto_____theteacherissaying.5.Ihavenoidea______hedidthatafte